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    Dietary effect of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract mitigates hepatic disorders caused by oxidized fish oil in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Terzi, Funda; Demirci, Beste; Acar, Ümit; Yüksel, Süleyman; Salum, Çagatay; Erol, Hüseyin Serkan; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri
    The major goal of this study was to determine the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on liver damage in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that was caused by the consumption of dietary oxidized fish oil (OFO). Rainbow trout were fed six different experimental diets coded OX-GSE 0 (OFO diet), OX-GSE 1 (OFO and 0.1% GSE), OX-GSE 3 (OFO and 0.3% GSE), GSE 0 (fresh fish oil and 0.0% GSE), GSE 1 (fresh fish oil and 0.1% GSE), and GSE 3 (fresh fish oil and 0.3% GSE) for 30 days. The lowest % hepatosomatic index (HSI) result was calculated in fish fed with OX-GSE 0 and the highest HSI was determined in fish fed with GSE 1 diets (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes significantly increased OX-GSE 0 and GSE 3 compared to GSE 1 diets (p < 0.05). Deposition of lipid droplets in hepatocytes was significantly increased in OX-GSE 0 and OX-GSE 3 groups than others (p < 0.05). Liver biochemistry parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly affected by OX and GSE treatments (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) among the liver enzymes analyzed in serum in OX and GSE (p < 0.05), meanwhile no difference was observed in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values between groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, liver biochemistry and histopathology of rainbow trout consuming diets containing oxidized fish oil were negatively affected. However, it was determined that the supplementation of 0.1% GSE to the diet had a significant ameliorative role in these adverse effects.
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    Does dietary incorporation level of pea protein isolate influence the digestive system morphology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)?
    (Wiley, 2021) Demirci, Beste; Terzi, Funda; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Acar, Ümit; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kesbiç, Fevziye Işıl
    In the present study, fish meal (FM) was replaced by pea (Pisum sativum) protein (PP) in diet for Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at levels of 0% (PP0), 25% (PP25), 50% (PP50), 75% (PP75) and 100% (PP100), and the effect of dietary PP level on the digestive system tracts and liver was investigated by micromorphological and histopathological evaluations. Morphometric measurements (mm 100g fish(-1)) of the liver width and stomach length in rainbow trout were found to be significantly larger (p <0.05) in fish with high-level pea protein as the main protein source (PP75, PP100) compared to the low-level PP replacement group (PP25). No significant differences were found in morphometric measurements for pyloric caecum and intestines among treatment groups, whereas the number of the caecum of fish fed the PP25 diets significantly increased over the control (PP0) (p<0.05). In the histological examination of the liver, mild hydropic and vacuolar degeneration was observed in all experimental groups except PP0 and PP25. The measurements of pyloric caecum fold height, enterocyte length and width of tunica muscularis of the high-level pea protein groups of PP75 and PP100 were significantly higher (p <0.05) compared to the control group. In conclusion, 25% substitution of PP can be suggested for FM in trout diets, because the findings of the present study provided evidence that the digestive system improved by increasing the number of pyloric caecum at this replacement level.
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    Effects of Essential Oil Derived from the Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium) on Growth Performance, Histology and Gene Expression Levels in Common Carp Juveniles (Cyprinus carpio)
    (MDPI AG, 2021) Acar, Ümit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; İnanan, Burak Evren; Zemheri-Navruz, Fahriye; Terzi, Funda; Fazio, Francesco; Parrino, Vincenzo
    The aim of this study was to detect effects of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) essential oilcommonly called neroli oil (NO) (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, and 1.5% referred to as NO0 NO0.25, NO0. 05, NO1 and NO1.5, respectively) on growth performance output and expression levels of some growth-related genes in the muscle tissue and some immune-related genes in the head kidney and pathologicadifferences in digestive system organs of common carp Cyprinus carpio. The NO0.25 group had a large improvement in growth efficiency at the end of the 60-day feeding cycle. Real-time PCR (Bio RAD, USA) system was used to detect variations in gene expression levels. Furthermore, NO supplementation of up to 0.25% in muscle tissue controlled the release of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Furthermore, in the NO0.25 treatment category, immune response gene levels TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1ß increased in head kidney tissue. In the histological examination of the liver and intestine, there were significant differences between fish fed with N1 and N1.5 dietsThis study confirms that dietary supplementation of NO up to 0.25% can improve common carp growth efficiency and increase the expression of genes (GH and IGF-I) related to muscle growthTNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1ß genes related to immune status, and liver and intestine histological status ocommon carp.
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    Effects of Replacement Cold Press Poppy Seed (Papaver somniferum) Oil to Fish Oil at Different Proportions on the Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, and Digestive Tracks Histopathology in Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
    (Wiley, 2023) Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Acar, Umit; Demirci, Beste; Terzi, Funda; Tezel, Rifat; Turker, Ali; Gullu, Kenan
    The major goal of the study is to determine the potential use of poppy seed oil as a main lipid source in common carp diets. To investigate this, five different experimental diets (PO0, PO25, PO50, PO75, and PO100) with various proportions of fish oil and poppy seed oil blended as oil sources were provided and supplied to common carp for 90 days. In triplicate groups of 60 fish, 300 common carp weighing 1.15 +/- 0.06 g were randomly placed in 100 L aquariums. At the end of the feeding trial, blood and tissue samples were collected from the fish after gravimetric measurements of the fish. The growth and feed utilization performance of the fish were calculated by gravimetric measurements, and tissue samples were examined by hematological, micromorphometric, and histopathological methods. According to the results, poppy seed oil enhanced the quantity of linoleic acid (18 : 2 omega-6) in the diet, and fish fed with the diet consisting completely of poppy seed oil (PO100) had the significantly greatest growth and feed utilization performance (P < 0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences in hematological or liver pathology were detected between all groups that were fed with experimental diets (P > 0.05). However, as compared to the control group, the digestive system micromorphometry and histomorphometric measurements of the fish fed with PO100 group diets showed a significant increase (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that the carp fed with feeds produced by using only poppy oil as the main fat source improved their digestive system, growth, and feed utilization performance without any negative effects.