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    The Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care, Provided in the Early Postpartum Period, on the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Level of Mothers and the Perceived Insufficient Milk Supply
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020) Yilmaz, Fatma; Kucukoglu, Sibel; Ozdemir, Aynur Aytekin; Ogul, Tanju; Aski, Nesrin
    The aim of this study was to determine the effect of kangaroo mother care, provided in the early postpartum period, on the breastfeeding self-efficacy level and the perceived insufficient milk supply. This study was conducted as the quasi-experimental design. The population of the study consisted of the mothers and their infants, to whom they gave birth in a university hospitals located in either eastern or western Turkey, between December 2016 and June 2017. In this study, mothers and their infants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (kangaroo mother care, n = 30) and the control group (n = 30). This study included 2500 to 4000 g birth weight infants who had no serious health problems and no sucking problems. The Introductory Information Form, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Perception of Insufficient Milk Questionnaire were used to collect the data. In this study, kangaroo mother care was provided as a nursing intervention for the mothers in the experimental group twice a day until they were discharged. Any other application was not performed in the control group's mothers apart from the routine application. Ethical principles were adhered in all stages of the study. The breastfeeding self-efficacy mean score (65.50 +/- 3.95) of the mothers who performed kangaroo mother care was higher than the mean score of the mothers who did not perform kangaroo mother care (55.50 +/- 7.00) (P < .001). In addition, mothers in the experimental group (46.60 +/- 3.40) perceived their milk more sufficiently than mothers in the control group (30.17 +/- 11.37) (P < .001). In the study, a statistically significant correlation was determined between breastfeeding self-efficacy levels of mothers in the experimental group and the perceived insufficient milk supply (P < .05). In the study, kangaroo mother care increased breastfeeding self-efficacy perception of the mothers and reduced the perceived insufficient milk supply. This shows that kangaroo mother care can potentially have an important effect on breastfeeding perceptions.
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    The Effects of Two Methods on Venipuncture Pain in Children: Procedural Restraint and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Package
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2020) Kurt, Fatma Yilmaz; Ozdemir, Aynur Aytekin; Atay, Selma
    Background: Invasive interventions can produce fear, anxiety, and pain in children. This may negatively affect the children's treatment and care. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effects of procedural restraint (PR) and cognitive behavioral intervention package (CBIP) on venipuncture pain in children between 6-12 years of age. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Settings: The study was conducted in the pediatric blood collection service of the hospital in Turkey between October 1, 2015, and April 1, 2016. Participants/Subjects: The population of the study consisted of children admitted to the blood collection service during the study period who met the inclusion criteria. Methods: The children included in the study were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n 1/4 31) received PR in accordance with routine clinical practice. Group 2 (n 1/4 30) received the CBIP. The data were collected by the researchers using a questionnaire, the visual analog scale (VAS), and the Wong-Baker FACES (WBFACES) Pain Rating Scale. Results: The children in the PR group had a mean VAS score of 5.90 3.22 and a mean WB-FACES score of 8.70 2.22. The children in the CBIP group had a mean VAS score of 2.43 +/- 2.02 and a mean WB-FACES score of 2.80 +/- 2.49. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean VAS and WBFACES pain scores of the groups (p < .05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the children in the CBIP group had a lower pain level during venipuncture compared to those restrained for the procedure. (c) 2019 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.