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    Frame Score, Grazing and Delayed Feedlot Entry Effect on Performance and Economics of Beef Steers from Small- and Large-Framed Cows in an Integrated Crop-Livestock System
    (MDPI, 2021) Şentürklü, Songül; Landblom, Douglas; Paisley, Steven; Wachenheim, Cheryl; Maddock, Robert
    When selling small-framed steers at weaning, profitability is diminished. The hypothesis is that by using a vertically integrated business model that includes retained ownership, extended grazing, abbreviated feedlot finishing, and selling at slaughter, profitability would increase. Crossbred yearling steers (n = 288) from small size Aberdeen Angus (Lowline) × Red Angus × Angus × Angus cows and moderate to large size Red Angus × Angus × Simmental × Gelbvieh cows calved May−June were randomly assigned (complete randomized design), in a 3 y study, to feedlot control (FLT) and extended grazing (GRZ) frame score treatment groups. Mean frame score for FLT were small frame (SF) 3.82 and large frame (LF) 5.63, and for GRZ, SF: 3.77 and LF: 5.53. Least-square means were utilized to identify levels of effects and to control family-wise error adjusted with Tukey test. The FLT control steers were housed in the feedlot and fed growing diets and subsequently high energy corn-based diets for 218 days. The GRZ steers grazed a sequence of forages (native range, field pea-barley mix, and unharvested corn) for 212 days and then were transferred to the feedlot and fed high energy corn-based finishing diets for 82 days. The SF GRZ steers grew more slowly grazing native range and annual forages compared to GRZ LF steers, but SF steer grazing cost per kg of gain was reduced 7.80%. Grazing steers did not grow to their full genetic potential. Slower growth during grazing allowed LF and SF steers to grow structurally before feedlot entry creating a compensatory feedlot finishing growth response. Overall, grazing steer performance exceeded steer performance of the FLT control treatment and LF grazing steers had the highest rate of gain, and lowest feed cost per kg of gain. The GRZ steer feedlot days on feed were reduced 136 days and total feed intake was reduced resulting in LF and SF grazing steer feed cost reductions of 175.9 and 165.3%, respectively. Extended grazing also resulted in LF and SF grazing steer hot carcass weights to be greater than control LF and SF steers and SF grazing steers had greater dressing percent, and marbling score. Carcass quality grade, meat tenderness, and cooking losses were similar. System net returns were highest for LF (USD 911.58), and SF (USD 866.61) grazing steers. Managerial modification combining retained ownership, extended grazing, and delayed feedlot entry increased profitability and eliminated market bias.
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    Öğe
    Multi-Specie cover crop bale grazing effect after annual forage grazing on yearling steer grazing and feedlot performance, muscling, carcass measurements and carcass value
    (Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2020) Senturklu, Songul; Landblom, Douglas; Paisley, Steve
    [Anstract Not Available]
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    The Effect of Post-Weaning Steer Diets Supplemented With Field Pea, Flaxseed and a Field Pea-Flaxseed Combination on Feedlot Finishing Performance, Carcass Quality and Immune Response
    (Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014) Senturklu, Songul; Landblom, Douglas
    This study objective was to compare the effect of feeding field pea, flaxseed and field pea-flaxseed combination on steer performance and immune response during the 50-d post-weaning period (PWP). Subsequently, the effect on feedlot finishing performance, immune response and carcass quality were determined. Crossbred Angus x Hereford x Gelbvieh steers (castrated male calves, age=7.4 month, n=173) were used in the 3 year replicated study. The four pelleted 50-d PWP diets (PWD) were: 1) Control (C), 2) 12.5% Flaxseed (FLX), 3) 20.0% Field Pea (P), and 4) 20.0% Field Pea + 12.5% Flaxseed (PFLX). In the PWP, average daily weight gain (ADG) was increased (P<0.05) for FLX and PFLX when compared with C and P, but feed cost/kg of gain for FLX and PFLX was decreased (P<0.05). In the feedlot period, initial weight, slaughter weight, fattening period, weight gain, ADG, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio was not significantly different among the diets (P>0.10). For carcasses, PWD did not affect hot carcass weight, marbling score, percent US Department of Agriculture quality grade (P>0.05); however, FLX treatment reduced rib-eye area (REA), while P treatment increased REA (P<0.05). FLX and PFLX treatments did not increase serum neutralization titer level and did not reduce morbidity (P=0.96) and health care cost (P>0.10). Overall, Flaxseed improved 50-d PWP performance, but PWDs had no carryover effect on feedlot finishing period net return.
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    Öğe
    The Effect of post-weaning steer diets supplemented with field pea, flaxseed and a field pea-flaxseed combination on feedlot finishing performance, carcass quality and immune response
    (2014) Şentürklü, Songül; Landblom, Douglas
    Bu çalışmanın amacı, 50 gün boyunca sütten kesim sonrası periyot (PWP)ta rasyona ilave edilen keten tohumu, yemlik bezelye ve keten tohumu- yemlik bezelye kombinasyonun danaların besi performansı ve bağışklık sistemi üzerine etkisini karşılaştırmaktır. Bunu takiben, besi sonu performansıkarkas kalitesi ve bağışılık sistemi üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Üç yıl tekrarlanan bu çalışmada melez Angus x Hereford x Gelbvieh danalarkısırlaştırılmış erkek dana, yaş=7.4 ay, n=173) kullanılmıştır. 50 günlük PWP rasyonları (PWD); 1) Kontrol (C), 2) %12.5 Keten tohumu (FLX), 3) %20.0 yemlik bezelye (P) ve 4) %20 yemlik bezelye + %12.5 keten tohumu (PFLX) olarak dört grupta peletlenmiştir. PWPda FLX ve PFLX gruplarında günlük canlı ağırlık artışı (ADG) daha yüksek (P<0.05) ve birim ağırlık artışı için yem maliyeti daha düşüktür (P<0.05). C ve P gruplarında ADG (P=0.004) daha düşüktür. Besi döneminde; başlangıç ağırlığı, kesim ağırlığı, besi süresi, canlı ağırlık artışı, ADG, ortalama günlük yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranında farklılık görülmemiştir (P>0.10). Karkas ölçümlerinde, PWDleri sıcak karkas ağırlığını, kas içi yağ dağılımını, ve USA Tarim Bakanlığı kalite derece yüzdesini etkilememiştir (P>0.05); bununla birlikte, P grubunda sırt kası alanı (REA) artarken, FLX grubunda REA azalmıştır (P<0.05). FLXPFLX gruplarında serum nötralizasyon titre seviyesi artmamış ve morbidite oranı (P=0.96) ve tedavi maliyetleri (P>0.10) önemli ölçüde düşmemiştirGenel olarak, keten tohumu 50-d PWP performansını artırmıştır, ancak PWDnin daha sonraki besi bitirme peryodunda net kâr üzerine herhangietkisi olmamıştır.
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    Using Phosphorylated Mannan Oligosaccharide and Fibrolytic Enzyme as Natural Feed Additive Substitutes for Growth-Enhancing Technologies in Sustainable Beef Production
    (Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014) Senturklu, Songul; Landblom, Douglas; Wachenheim, Cheryl; Petry, Timothy
    The study objective was to determine the effect on beef production sustainability when growth-enhancing technologies (GET) were substituted with the natural feed additives (NFA) phosphorylated mannan oligosaccharide (Bio-MOS (R)-(MOS)) and fibrolytic enzyme (Fibrozyme (R) (FIB)). Angus x Hereford x Gelbvieh steers, after weaning (n=80; BW=279.6 +/- 3 kg), were used in an 84-day backgrounding study (4 treatments; 4 pen replicates/treatment) that was followed by a 122-day finishing study. A control (C) treatment with GET (Revelor-IS (R) and Rumensin (R)) was compared to NFA (10 mg/head/day): MOS, FIB, and MOS+FIB. Data were analyzed using mixed procedure of SAS. The backgrounding C steers end weight, weight gain, and average daily gain (ADG) were greater (P<0.01) compared to MOS, FIB, and MOS+FIB. Feed efficiency ratio did not differ (P=0.198). Feed cost/kg of gain was lower for the C treatment (P<0.01). The C treatment net return was 45.9% greater than the average of MOS, FIB, and MOS+FIB treatments. For finishing, the C treatment ADG was greater (P<0.05) compared to MOS, FIB, and MOS+FIB. In addition, the C treatment harvest weight and hot carcass weight were greater (P<0.01) and were harvested 5 days earlier. However, other carcass measurements did not differ (P>0.10). Ending net return was $54.22, -$33.62, -$20.65, and -48.69 for the C, MOS, FIB, and MOS+FIB, respectively. The NFA were less profitable during backgrounding, but not profitable for finishing.