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    A Review on Biosensors for Quantification of MCP-1 as a Potential Biomarker in Diseases
    (Wiley, 2025) Bahaabadi, Zahra Jamalizadeh; Javid-Naderi, Mohammad Javad; Kesharwani, Prashant; Karav, Sercan; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as a chemokine is essential for inflammation-related processes. It regulates immunological responses and cell migration, which contribute to inflammation. Many disorders are exacerbated by this chemokine, which attracts or grows other inflammatory cells, including monocytes/macrophages, at the site of infection or tissue injury. The elevated concentrations of MCP-1 are associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and neuroinflammatory disease. Therefore, monitoring this inflammatory biomarker in the body has been recommended and strongly advised to make an accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Although MCP-1 is of great importance in disease processes, few biosensing approaches are specifically designed to detect this molecule. These are often electrochemical and optical techniques. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of inflammatory diseases by identifying biomarkers has had a great effect on the advancement of biosensors. Improved biosensor technology expansion prevents excessive prices and low sensitivity, enabling quick and correct diagnosis and tracking of disease processes. This review will concentrate on the biological functions of MCP-1, its significance in different disorders, and the features and applications of biosensors designed for MCP-1 detection and quantification.
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    Curcumin-based nanofibers: A promising approach for cancer therapy
    (Elsevier Gmbh, 2025) Rahiman, Niloufar; Kesharwani, Prashant; Karav, Sercan; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Nanofibers are among the promising platforms for efficient delivery of drugs (both hydrophilic and hydrophobic) through harnessing polymers with different natures as their base. Hydrophobic low-solubility agents such as curcumin could be incorporated in various types of electrospun nanofibers for different aims in drug delivery, such as enhancing its solubility, making this agent sustained release with improved pharmacological efficacy. Through using this nanoplatform, curcumin may become more bioavailable and more efficcious in the field of cancer therapy as well as tissue engineering and wound healing for local delivery of this anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. In this review, the characteristics of curcumin-loaded nanofibers, their targeting potential or stimuli-responsiveness accompanied with therapeutic anti-cancerous applications of them (mostly in local application) are securitized. These nanofibers follow the aim of enhancing curcumin's therapeutic effectiveness and release profile. We laso elaborate on the mechanisms of action through which curcumin exerts its effect on various cancerous cells after its incorporation in various types of nanofibers which have been prepared by exploiting different polymers.
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    Decoy oligodeoxynucleotides targeting STATs in non-cancer gene therapy
    (Elsevier, 2025) Mahjoubin-Tehran, Maryam; Rezaei, Samaneh; Kesharwani, Prashant; Karav, Sercan; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) protein family is crucial for organizing the epigenetic configuration of immune cells and controlling various fundamental cell physiological functions including apoptosis, development, inflammation, immunological responses, and cell proliferation and differentiation. The human genome has seven known STAT genes, named 1, 2, 3, 4, 5a, 5b, and 6. Aberrant activation of STAT signaling pathways is associated with many human disorders, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), making these proteins promising therapeutic targets. Improved understanding of altered and pathological gene expression and its role in the pathophysiology of various hereditary and acquired disorders has enabled the development of novel treatment approaches based on gene expression modulation. One such promising development is the oligodeoxynucleotide decoy method, which may allow researchers to specifically influence gene activation or repression. Various oligodeoxynucleotide decoys target STATs and affect the expression of its downstream genes. We summarized cell culture and preclinical research, which evaluated the effects of oligodeoxynucleotide decoys target STATs in different types of non-cancer illnesses.
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    Decoy oligodeoxynucleotides: A promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory skin disorders
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Mahjoubin-Tehran, Maryam; Rezaei, Samaneh; Karav, Sercan; Kesharwani, Prashant; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Chronic inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) impose a significant burden on both the skin and the overall well-being of individuals, leading to a diminished quality of life. Despite the use of conventional treatments like topical steroids, there remains a need for more effective and safer therapeutic options to improve the lives of patients with severe skin conditions. Molecular therapy has emerged as a promising approach to address disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and contact hypersensitivity. One strategy to counteract the disease processes involves targeting the transcriptional process. A novel form of gene therapy utilizes double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), also known as decoys, that contain cis-elements. By introducing these decoy ODNs through transfection, the cis-trans interactions are disrupted, leading to the inhibition of trans-factors from binding to the intrinsic cis-elements and thus regulating gene expression. In this review, we have summarized studies investigating the therapeutic effects of decoy ODNs on inflammatory skin diseases. Various transcription factors, including NF-kB, STAT6, HIF-1 alpha/STAT5, STAT1, and Smad, have been targeted and inhibited using designed decoy ODNs for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, hypertrophic scarring, and contact hypersensitivity. The findings of these studies confirm the significant potential of the decoy approach in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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    Exploring the antioxidant properties of semaglutide: A comprehensive review
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Yaribeygi, Habib; Maleki, Mina; Forouzanmehr, Behina; Kesharwani, Prashant; Jamialahmadi, Tannaz; Karav, Sercan; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Patients with diabetes commonly experience an aberrant production of free radicals and weakened antioxidative defenses, making them highly susceptible to oxidative stress development. This, in turn, can induce and promote diabetic complications. Therefore, utilizing antidiabetic agents with antioxidative properties can offer dual benefits by addressing hyperglycemia and reducing oxidative damage. Semaglutide, a recently approved oral form of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, has shown potent antidiabetic effects. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that it possesses antioxidative properties. However, the exact effects and the molecular pathways involved are not well understood. In this review, we present the latest findings on the antioxidative impacts of semaglutide and draw conclusions about the mechanisms involved.
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    Lipid nanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering RNAs: New possibilities in the treatment of diverse diseases
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Askarizadeh, Anis; Vahdat-Lasemi, Fatemeh; Karav, Sercan; Kesharwani, Prashant; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    RNA interference (RNAi) is a well-known post-transcriptional gene-silencing mechanism that has garnered significant attention as a potentially powerful therapeutic procedure for combating recalcitrant diseases. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) as an effective RNAi tool mediates gene silencing pathway by mRNA degradation in cells and presents a unique strategy for the treatment of rebellious diseases. However, the low stability and suboptimal pharmacokinetic behavior of naked siRNAs have made it necessary to employ a delivery vehicle to protect siRNA against degradation and allow for its intracellular delivery. Among a plethora of available delivery platforms, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have received significant research attention and are currently recognized as the most advanced delivery system for RNA-based therapeutic agents. This is exemplified by the approval of Onpattro (R) for treating amyloidosis in the US and the European Union in 2018, as well as the development of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the potential effectiveness of lipid-based nanoparticles as a delivery system for siRNA in treating a wide array of diseases.
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    Modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by curcumin: Therapeutic implications in cancer
    (2025) Torghabe, Shima Yahoo; Alavi, Parisa; Rostami, Sara; Davies, Neal M.; Kesharwani, Prashant; Karav, Sercan; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    By the ubiquitin-proteasomes, cellular proteins are structurally degraded and turnover. Many essential functions and regulations of cells are regulated and controlled by these proteins. Recent studies indicated that many cancer types have been associated with aberrations in the ubiquitination pathway, which involves three enzymatic steps. Dietary phytochemicals have been identified as having the potential to inhibit carcinogenesis recently. As part of this group of phytochemicals, curcumin can play a crucial role in suppressing carcinogenesis by changing many reactions affected by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Due to its ability to change some biological processes such as NF-?B, inhibit some cyclins, and induce apoptosis, it can be used as a drug in cancer treatment. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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    Nano-phytoconstituents: Recent advances, regulatory insights, challenges, and future horizons
    (Elsevier, 2025) Beygi, Mohammad; Oroojalian, Fatemeh; Karav, Sercan; Kesharwani, Prashant; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Phytoconstituents possess therapeutic potency in human diseases, including antioxidant, antitumor, antiinflammatory, and anti-microbial impacts, as well as cardioprotective and neuroprotective capabilities. Nonetheless, they suffer from shortcomings like low solubility and bioavailability, fast degradation upon administration, and elevated doses required to exert therapeutic effects, culminating in potential adverse effects. As a solution to these, nanoscale drug delivery systems (DDSs) such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), lipid-based NPs, protein-based NPs, etc. are currently devised to realize intended goals in herbal medicine, which critically are sustained release and targeted delivery of phytomedicines to affected sites. Current DDSs are formulated to encapsulate diverse phytochemicals, including curcumin, berberine, resveratrol, quercetin, baicalin, and rosmarinic acid. The ultimate nanoassembly affords superior properties such as protracted circulation time, sustained release, site-specific delivery, synergistic effects (with antitumor agents), and measurable diseasealleviating effects. This article covers recent progress in nanophytomedicines and explores how DDSs can enrich the therapeutic properties of these phytochemicals. Further, the present article covers the regulatory aspects and ethical issues to be reflected when devising such DDSs, as well as the current standing of nanophytoconstituents in clinical trials.
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    Utilizing ionic liquids as eco-friendly and sustainable carriers for delivering nucleic acids: A review on the revolutionary advancement in nano delivery systems
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024) Mirhadi, Elaheh; Kesharwani, Prashant; Jha, Saurav Kumar; Karav, Sercan; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Ionic liquids (ILs) are an extremely versatile class of chemicals. It has been shown that they can effectively pass through many biological barriers in the human body to deliver medications. ILs are solvents noted for their ecological friendliness; they contain equal amounts of cations and anions and remain liquid at temperatures below 100 °C. Hence, these are ideal for biomedical applications owing to their advantageous properties such as biocompatibility, solubility, and adaptability. ILs are widely reported to improve the solubility and stability of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) in aqueous conditions, allowing for more effective delivery. Certain ILs have shown the ability to enhance the absorption of nucleic acids into cells. In addition, ILs can also be used to create vectors for gene delivery, such as liposomes and nanoparticles, thereby improving the transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA and siRNA. Subsequently, the application of ILs for nucleic acid delivery has increased significantly in recent years. In this context, we believe that using ILs to enhance the transport of nucleic acids will have a considerable effect as a novel and crucial therapeutic method in the upcoming decades. The use of ILs as solvents to preserve the natural structure of DNA and RNA shows promise for a variety of biotechnological and medical applications. Notably, ILs may be utilized for a variety of functions, including extracting, concentrating, stabilizing, and spreading nucleic acids inside cells. Our review emphasizes the key findings of research works published in this domain, wherein outstanding effectiveness of delivering RNA to the desired areas was achieved, and was made possible through the utilization of ILs. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.