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Öğe A comparative evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters between the Italian mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) and the Turkish mullet Chelon auratus (Risso 1810)(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Fazio, Francesco; Saoca, Concetta; Acar, Umit; Tezel, Rifat; Celik, Murat; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kesbic, Osman SabriThis study aimed to carry out a comparative evaluation of the hematological profile (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and Wintrobe index parameters such as mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), in addition to certain biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, scrum total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides), in the Italian mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) and the Turkish mullet Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Accordingly, two groups of fish were used in this study: 30 flathead grey mullets, M. cephalus, caught in Lake Faro, Italy, and 30 golden grey mullets, C. auratus, caught in the estuarine channel system of Keycegiz-Dalyan, Turkey. Statistical evaluations (unpaired t-test) revealed that there were no significant differences in weight or total length values between the two mullet groups. However, the differences between all the evaluated blood parameters (except alanine aminotransferase) between the Italian and the Turkish mullet were significant (P < 0.0001). The present study demonstrated that there were significant hematological and biochemical differences between the Italian (M. cephalus) and the Turkish (C. auratus) mullet. Our findings also contribute to expanding the knowledge on the hematology and biochemistry of two different species of mullet originating from two different habitats. Since the evaluation of blood parameters represents an essential tool in examining the effects of environmental conditions on fish physiology and, consequently, on fish health status, further research in this field is encouraged and would be very useful.Öğe Acute exposure to boron in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Median-lethal concentration (LC50), blood parameters, DNA fragmentation of blood and sperm cells(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Acar, Umit; Inanan, Burak Evren; Zemheri, Fahriye; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, SevdanRecently, Boron (B) contamination of aquatic ecosystem has received considerable critical attention due to its toxic effects at high concentrations on plants as well as animals. Previous studies on toxic effects of B have not dealt with DNA damages in blood and sperm cells of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), together with blood parameters. This study consisted of two successive experiments purposes to determine these findings, including the median-lethal concentration (LC50) of B for Nile tilapia. In the first one, at 96 h, LC50 of B for Nile tilapia was 141.42 mg L-1 B. In the second one, Nile tilapia were treated with five elevated B concentrations (1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 mg L-1 B) and hematological, serum biochemical parameters, and DNA damages of Nile tilapia in these treatments were determined comparing with the control after 14 days of exposure. Hematological parameters (red blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin) were similar to each other in all groups while serum biochemical parameters (glucose, total protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase) in B treatments, especially in 50 and 100 mg L-1 B groups, were found significantly higher (P < 0.05). DNA fragmentation was detected in all blood cells in >= 25 mg L-1 B treatments, while all sperm cells in 100 mg L-1 B treatments. These results demonstrated the harmful effects of B at high concentration (50 and 100 mg L-1 B) on the DNA integrity of blood and sperm cells, and also the serum biochemical parameters. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Beneficial effects of Oral Allspice, Pimenta dioica powder supplementation on the hemato-immunological and serum biochemical responses of Oreochromis mossambicus(Wiley, 2016) Gullu, Kenan; Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Agdamar, Sevan; Ergün, Sebahattin; Turker, AliThe present study investigated the effects of dietary allspice powder supplementation on welfare status of Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus assessed by hemato-immunological and serum biochemical parameters. Five diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 or 20g of allspicekg(-1) of fish feed. Fish were fed experimental diets for 60days. Supplementation of allspice powder at 10gkg(-1) positively influenced the serum glucose, plasma lysozyme activity and myeloperoxidase activity. Dietary allspice powder at 15gkg(-1) also positively influenced the serum biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin and globulin) and plasma lysozyme activity. However, 20gkg(-1) allspice powder group had significantly lower values of respiratory burst activity and red blood cell count than other experimental groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that supplementation of allspice powder at 10 or 15gkg(-1) for 60days, had beneficial effects on improvement of some immunological and serum biochemical status of O. mossambicus. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of allspice powder might further improve the resistance to fish pathogens.Öğe Comparative study on haematological and biochemical parameters of two wild sparid fish species(Cahiers De Biologie Marine, 2019) Acar, Umit; Saoca, Concetta; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Yigit, Murat; Inanan, Burak Evren; Fazio, FrancescoDifferent feeding habits may affect the blood parameters in fish species of the same family, even if they live in the same marine habitat. The aim of this study was to compare some haematological and biochemical parameters of two marine fish species of the same family, the saupe Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) and the common two-banded seabream Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817), and to establish the similarities and differences between these species. For this purpose red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TRIG), cholesterol (CHOL), serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulins (GLO), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined for 30 fish from each species. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in some haematological and biochemical (RBC, Hb, Hct, TP, ALB, GLO, AST, ALT, ALP and LDH) parameters between the two species. Lower values of RBC, Hb and Hct were found in S. salpa in comparison with D. vulgaris. These differences could be attributed to the feeding behavior, life style and habitat adaptation of the different fish species of the same family and contribute to knowledge of reference values of blood parameters in Sarpa salpa and Diplodus vulgaris. No significant differences were found in MCV, MCH, MCHC and GLU, TRIG, CHOL.Öğe Dose-dependent stress response of esfenvalerate insecticide on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Evaluating blood parameters and gene expression(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Navruz, Fahriye Zemheri; Acar, Umit; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kesbic, Osman SabriEsfenvalerate is a pyrethroid insecticide used primarily in the agriculture sector for insect management. Esfenvalerate is effective against a wide range of harmful insects, including flies, cockroaches, locusts, and many other types of bugs. It is also known that esfenvalerate has toxic effects on aquatic organisms and poses significant environmental concerns. In this study, the aim is to subchronically examine the effects of sublethal concentrations of esfenvalerate insecticide on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by assessing changes in blood parameters and resulting gene expression. For this purpose, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were divided into 5 groups and exposed to 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 & mu;g/L concentrations of esfenvalerate for a period of 14 days. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected from the fish that underwent weight and length measurements. The effects on gene expression levels of immune, antioxidant, and stress-related genes in the liver tissue, including SOD, GST, Cortisol receptor, HSP70, H+-ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase, Catalase, and GpX, were evaluated, as were the hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Significant decreases were observed in the levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, triglycerides and total protein and catalase, H+-ATPase, and GpX gene expression. Glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), SOD, Cortisol receptor, Na+/K+-ATPase gene expression levels increased. As a result, it has been revealed that esfenvalerate insecticide causes oxidative stress in carp at all dose ranges.Öğe Effects of bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel oil-supplemented diets on growth performance, haematology and serum biochemical parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)(Springer, 2020) Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Acar, Umit; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Aydin, Ozlem DurnaThe present study investigated the effects of dietary Citrus bergamia peel oil (CBO) on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Volatile content of C. bergamia peel oil used in study was detected with GC/MS. The 99.47% of the analysed volatile components were identified in decreasing quantities as limonene, linalool and linalyl acetate. The experimental fish were divided into four groups stocked into triplicate tanks (20 fish/tank), and fed daily with an additive-free basal diet containing 0% (CBO0), 0.5% (CBO0.5), 1.0% (CBO1), 2.0% (CBO2) of bergamot peel oil for an 8-week period. Results showed that dietary bergamot peel oil especially at 0.5 g 100 g(-1) significantly increased growth performance of fish (p < 0.05). The levels of haemoglobin and haematocrit significantly increased in fish fed with CBO0.5 and CBO1 compared with the CBO0-fed group (p < 0.05), despite no significant difference was observed in CBO2 group (p > 0.05). Highest haematocrit value was found in the CBO0.5 group compared with the control group. The serum glucose of the fish fed with CBO0.5 and CBO1 feeds decreased significantly compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The highest total protein, lowest cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were observed in fish fed with bergamot oil-supplemented groups. According to the results, it was revealed that 0.5% bergamot oil supplementation to Nile tilapia diets optimizes the growth performance, feed utilization and health status related with blood parameters of the fish.Öğe Effects of dietary allspice, Pimenta dioica powder on physiological responses of Oreochromis mossambicus under low pH stress(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2015) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Gultepe, Nejdet; Ergün, SebahattinThis study investigated the effects of the supplementation with allspice (0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 g kg(-1)) on the haemato-immunological and biochemical variables in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus under acidic stress condition. In a 60-day feeding trial, 15 aquariums (80-L) were stocked with 18 fish (20.05 +/- 0.10 g) each. Then, acidic stress was achieved by exposing the sampled fish to acidic water (pH 5.5) for 3 days. Allspice supplementation influenced the haematological indices, serum glucose, protein, globulin and innate immune parameters such as respiratory burst activity, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase activities. In general, at acidic pH decreased circulating red blood cell numbers (RBC), increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and the innate immune parameters were observed. On the other hand, the inclusion of allspice prevented an increase in blood glucose MCV and MCH, decreases in albumin, RBC, lysozyme activity and respiratory burst avtivity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that allspice supplementation at 10 g kg(-1) for 60 days, has adequate beneficial effects on improvement of haemato-immunological and biochemical status of O. mossambicus after stressful management.Öğe Effects of dietary Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel oil on growth, haematology and immune response of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles(Wiley, 2019) Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Inanan, Burak Evren; Yılmaz, SevdanThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of essential oil extracted from bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel on growth performance and health status of European sea bass juveniles (5.10 + 0.05 g). Test diets supplemented with 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% bergamot peel oil (BPO0, BPO0.5, BPO1 and BPO2) were fed to experimental fish for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the best growth performance was obtained in the BPO0.5 and BPO1 groups (p < .05). No significances were found for haematological parameters including red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration at the end of the feeding experiment. There were significant differences between the total protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (p < .05) between the BPO0.5 and BPO1 supplemented groups and the control group with no BPO addition. The addition of BPO showed significant differences in immune parameters such as lysozyme activity, total myeloperoxidase content, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity between BPO0 and BPO supplemented groups (p < .05). It might be concluded that dietary addition of 0.5%-1% BPO could increase the growth performance and feed utilization with improved health status in sea bass juveniles.Öğe Effects of Dietary Tribulus terrestris Extract Supplementation on Growth, Feed Utilization, Hematological, Immunological, and Biochemical Variables of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus(Aquaculturehub Inc, 2014) Gultepe, Nejdet; Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Yildirim, Onder; Turker, AliThe present study was conducted for 88 days to evaluate the effect of dietary Tribulus terrestris supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, and hematological, immunological, and biochemical indices of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 144 Nile tilapia, average body weight 2.61 +/- 0.35 g, were divided into four experimental treatments. There were three replicates of each treatment. Four isonitrogenous (40% CP) and isolipidic (10% CL) experimental diets contained T. terrestris extract at levels of 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg respectively. Growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia were significantly higher (p<0.05) in all treatment groups fed with T. terrestris extract supplemented diets than those fed the control diet. There were no significant differences between body composition of fish (p>0.05). Hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and myeloperoxidase variables were not significantly affected by herb extract (p>0.05). However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) value and lysozyme activity increased with increasing T. terrestris extract (p<0.05). Serum albumin, total protein, and triglyceride levels were not affected by T. terrestris extract. Serum globulin and glucose levels increased and cholesterol levels decreased in Nile tilapia fed with herbal supplemented diets. The results of the present study suggest that Nile tilapia fed diets containing at least 400 mg/kg T. terrestris extract enhanced growth performance, feed utilization, hematological, immunological, and biochemical indices.Öğe Effects of Different Levels of Pomegranate Seed Oil on Some Blood Parameters and Disease Resistance Against Yersinia ruckeri in Rainbow Trout(Frontiers Media Sa, 2018) Acar, Umit; Parrino, Vincenzo; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Lo Paro, Giuseppe; Saoca, Concetta; Abbate, Francesco; Yılmaz, SevdanThis study is aimed to assess the effects of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) supplementation on growth performance, some hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters, and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). 240 fish in total were randomly assigned into four triplicate groups (20 fish/per aquarium) corresponding to four dietary treatments: control (PSOo; no addition of PSO), 0.5% (PSO5), 1.00% (PSO10), and 2.00% (PSO20 ) of PSO, respectively. After the 60 day-feeding trial, fish blood samples were collected and compared. Statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA) showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect of PSO on red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase parameters in PSO5 and PSO10 with regard to control. Moreover, a pronounced (P < 0.05) increased in weight gain, growth and feed conversion was found in fish fed with PSO supplemented diets. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged with Y ruckeri and survival recorded for 20 days. Cumulative survival was 45.10% in fish fed with the control diet, whereas in fish fed with PSO5, PSO10 , and PSO20 supplemented diets, survival was 58.82, 56.86, and 56.86%, respectively. In conclusion, dietary administration of PSO induced a reduction in mortality of rainbow trout infected with Y ruckeri, intercalary significant differences occurred on growth performance and some blood values among treated groups. These positive effects of PSO could be considered for new applications in aquaculture.Öğe Effects of Essential Oil Derived from the Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium) on Growth Performance, Histology and Gene Expression Levels in Common Carp Juveniles (Cyprinus carpio)(MDPI AG, 2021) Acar, Ümit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; İnanan, Burak Evren; Zemheri-Navruz, Fahriye; Terzi, Funda; Fazio, Francesco; Parrino, VincenzoThe aim of this study was to detect effects of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) essential oilcommonly called neroli oil (NO) (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, and 1.5% referred to as NO0 NO0.25, NO0. 05, NO1 and NO1.5, respectively) on growth performance output and expression levels of some growth-related genes in the muscle tissue and some immune-related genes in the head kidney and pathologicadifferences in digestive system organs of common carp Cyprinus carpio. The NO0.25 group had a large improvement in growth efficiency at the end of the 60-day feeding cycle. Real-time PCR (Bio RAD, USA) system was used to detect variations in gene expression levels. Furthermore, NO supplementation of up to 0.25% in muscle tissue controlled the release of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Furthermore, in the NO0.25 treatment category, immune response gene levels TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1ß increased in head kidney tissue. In the histological examination of the liver and intestine, there were significant differences between fish fed with N1 and N1.5 dietsThis study confirms that dietary supplementation of NO up to 0.25% can improve common carp growth efficiency and increase the expression of genes (GH and IGF-I) related to muscle growthTNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1ß genes related to immune status, and liver and intestine histological status ocommon carp.Öğe EFFECTS OF MONTEREY CYPRESS (CUPRESSUS MACROCARPA HARTW) LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL AS A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2020) Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Parrino, Vincenzo; Acar, Umit; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Lo Paro, Giuseppe; Fazio, FrancescoCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) is the most fanned freshwater fish worldwide. In recent years, use of natural products in fish diets has become popular in aquaculture, to improve fish health and growth performance. The present study investigated the effects of essential oil from the leaves of Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa; CMEO) on growth performance and blood parameters in common carp fingerlings. Identification of 96.1% of the CMEO total volatile components was achieved, with the highest contents for terpinen-4-ol and alpha-pinene, at 22.9% and 47.7%, respectively. After 60 days of feeding of the fingerlings with supplemented diets without CMEO (CMEO 0%) and with CMEO at 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%, the best growth performance was seen for those fish fed with the CMEO 0.5% diet. No significant differences were seen for the haematological parameters and blood cell indices versus CMEO 0%. Serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and glutamic pyruvie transaminase were significantly reduced in the fingerlings fed with the CMEO 0.5% diet versus CMEO 0%. Thus, CMEO oil as a 0.5% dietary supplement can be used to improve the growth performance and health status of the common carp without any adverse effects seen.Öğe Effects of Replacement Cold Press Poppy Seed (Papaver somniferum) Oil to Fish Oil at Different Proportions on the Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, and Digestive Tracks Histopathology in Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)(Wiley, 2023) Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Acar, Umit; Demirci, Beste; Terzi, Funda; Tezel, Rifat; Turker, Ali; Gullu, KenanThe major goal of the study is to determine the potential use of poppy seed oil as a main lipid source in common carp diets. To investigate this, five different experimental diets (PO0, PO25, PO50, PO75, and PO100) with various proportions of fish oil and poppy seed oil blended as oil sources were provided and supplied to common carp for 90 days. In triplicate groups of 60 fish, 300 common carp weighing 1.15 +/- 0.06 g were randomly placed in 100 L aquariums. At the end of the feeding trial, blood and tissue samples were collected from the fish after gravimetric measurements of the fish. The growth and feed utilization performance of the fish were calculated by gravimetric measurements, and tissue samples were examined by hematological, micromorphometric, and histopathological methods. According to the results, poppy seed oil enhanced the quantity of linoleic acid (18 : 2 omega-6) in the diet, and fish fed with the diet consisting completely of poppy seed oil (PO100) had the significantly greatest growth and feed utilization performance (P < 0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences in hematological or liver pathology were detected between all groups that were fed with experimental diets (P > 0.05). However, as compared to the control group, the digestive system micromorphometry and histomorphometric measurements of the fish fed with PO100 group diets showed a significant increase (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that the carp fed with feeds produced by using only poppy oil as the main fat source improved their digestive system, growth, and feed utilization performance without any negative effects.Öğe Effects of Tomato Paste By-Product Extract on Growth Performance and Blood Parameters in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)(Mdpi, 2022) Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Acar, Umit; Hassaan, Mohamed Shaban; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Guerrera, Maria Cristina; Fazio, FrancescoSimple Summary The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of a tomato paste by-product extract as a dietary supplement for common carp (Cyprinus carpio). At the end of a feeding trial, fish fed with experimental diets showed enhanced growth performance that is key for aquaculture, and a reduced feed conversion ratio, another critical parameter. Hematology parameters such as erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin content (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) increased in fish feed with the enriched diet. Additionally, blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in common carp fed diets supplemented with tomato paste by-product extract reduced while total protein, albumin, and globulin levels increased. In conclusion, tomato paste by-product extract has the potential to be utilized as a feed additive in aquaculture feeds to enhance health status monitored by blood parameters and stimulating the growth parameters of common carp. This research examined different growth performances and blood parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) consuming diets supplemented with tomato paste by-product extract (TPE). Five diets with different concentrations of TPEs, 0% (TPE0) 0.5% (TPE0.5), 1% (TPE1), 2% (TPE2), and 5% (TPE5) were supplied to 300 common carp (8.38 +/- 0.18 g) (60 fish per group) each day during the 60-day feeding trial. The relative and specific growth rates of fish-fed supplemental diets increased significantly, while the feed conversion ratio significantly decreased (p < 0.05). TPE considerably increased the erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin content (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) (p < 0.05), according to hematological analyses of blood samples collected after the feeding experiment. The blood biochemical findings indicate that using 1% or more extracts considerably reduced the serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride ratios while significantly increasing the total protein, albumin, and globulin ratios in common carp (p < 0.05). Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the 2% extract generated from tomato paste by-products in common carp diets could be utilized as a growth-promoting product without any negative effects on blood parameters linked to feeding in carp.Öğe Evaluation of Citrus limon peels essential oil on growth performance, immune response of Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus challenged with Edwardsiella tarda(Elsevier, 2016) Baba, Esin; Acar, Umit; Ontas, Canan; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, SevdanThe present study was carried on to determine the effects of Citrus limon peel essential oil as feed supplement on non-specific immune system, disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda and growth performance in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Fish were randomly distributed at 25 fish per 50 L aquariums and fed with commercial diets supplemented with different ratios (0% for the control group and then 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) of limon essential oil for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, immunological, biochemical and biometrical parameters were assessed. Also following 60 days of feeding, the fish were injected with E. tarda and mortalities were recorded. Results showed that C. limon peel essential oil supplementation diet enhanced the Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) positive cell count and total white blood cell (WBC) in tilapia. At the same time a significant change was found in the lysozyme activity and myeloperoxidase activity in serum. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides decreased while total protein increased in the groups fed with C. limon essential oil supplemented diets. All C. limon peel essential oil supplemented groups showed reduced mortalities following E. tarda infection compared with the control group. The results indicated that C. limon peel essential oil supplementation could improve non-specific immune parameters and growth performance and decrease mortality rate of cultured tilapia. Statement of relevance: This study determined the effects of an Citrus limon peel essential oil on immune system and resistance to disease in tilapia. The using of essential oil in fish diet prevented tilapia partially from edwardsiellosis disease and increase survival rate also enhance the immune response in fish. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Evaluation of dietary protein and lipid requirements of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system(Springer, 2014) Bulut, Musa; Yigit, Murat; Ergün, Sebahattin; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Acar, Umit; Gultepe, Nejdet; Karga, MustafaThe objective of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance and bioeconomic benefits of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) juveniles, a candidate species for aquaculture sector. Eight experimental diets were formulated with four protein (50, 45, 40 and 35 %) levels for each of the two lipid levels (15 and 10 %). Triplicate groups of juvenile fish with an average initial body weight of similar to 3.64 g were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system and hand fed twice a day until satiation for a period of 60 days. In the experiment, no difference in survival rate was found between the different groups. Relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily feed intake were not significantly affected by increasing protein and/or lipid treatments in this present study. However, the RGR, SGR and FCR values showed slightly better efficiency in the experimental group (35/15) fed with lower protein content (35 %) and higher lipid level (15 %) compared with those fed other diets. According to bioeconomic analyses results, the diet with the 35 % protein and 15 % lipid generated the best profit. The results suggest that two-banded seabream can be accepted as a promising alternative species for the aquaculture industry and optimum growth of two-banded seabream fingerlings can be obtained when they are fed a diet containing 35 % crude protein and 15 % crude lipid.Öğe Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae(Elsevier, 2015) Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Gultepe, Nejdet; Turker, AliThe study was performed to determine the effect of dietary essential oil (citrus EO) extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth performance, blood parameters and resistance against the Streptococcus iniae in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Fish were divided into 4 groups and fed for 90 days with four experimental diets (3 supplemented diets with 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% of citrus EO and a control group). Then the main immune parameters such as lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity, hematological and biochemical variables (i.e., hemoglobin, hematocrit levels, erythrocyte indices, serum total protein, glucose, albumin, globulin, cholesterol and triglyceride) were investigated. Results of this study showed that for tilapia fed with citrus EO all parameters were significantly higher than the control group. Moreover, addition of citrus EO into diets reduced fish mortality after S. iniae infection. It can be concluded that citrus EO can act as a growth promoter, increase immunity and also improve disease resistance to S. iniae infection in tilapia. Thus it can be used as an antibiotics replacer for controlling diseases in tilapia feed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.Öğe Gibel Carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Meal as an Alternative Major Protein in Feeds for Rainbow Trout Juveniles (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2019) Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kesbic, Fevziye Isil; Gultepe, NejdetIn this study, the effects of gibel carp meal (GFM) application as a protein source on growth performance, fillet composition, feed digestion and haematological and serum biochemical indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated. Replacement of anchovy fish meal (AFM) with GFM was performed at 0%, 50% and 100% levels (GFM(0), GFM(50) and GFM(100)). After 60 days of feeding the best nutritional performance was obtained in the GFM(100) group. There was no significant difference in crude moisture, crude protein, crude lipid or crude ash contents in fish fillet between the GFM(0), GFM(50) and GFM(100) groups. No side effects were observed in hematological and serum biochemical indices of rainbow trout. Dry matter, crude protein and crude lipid digestibility coefficients did not differ significantly in experimental groups. As a conclusion, the results of the study suggested that the GFM could be used totally as a replacer of AFM in diets for rainbow trout without the adverse effects on growth performance, feed use, feed digestion, hematological and serum biochemical parameters of fish.Öğe Growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical profiles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets with varying levels of lupin (Lupinus albus) meal(Wiley, 2018) Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Karabayir, AliA feeding experiment was conducted to study the response of rainbow trout juveniles fed different levels of lupin meal in diets for rainbow trout juveniles. Very limited information is available on the relationship between dietary lupin meal in rainbow trout health status. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of lupin meal inclusion levels (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) on growth performance and health status of rainbow trout juveniles. The experimental diets (LM0, LM15, LM30, LM45, and LM60) were formulated iso-nitrogenous (41% crude protein) and iso-calorific (18% crude lipid). The fish were fed twice a day. As a result, the best growth performance was observed in fish fed with LM15 and LM30 diets. No significant differences were detected among experimental groups in terms of body compositions. The haematological values showed significantly (p<0.05) lower heamatocrit and mean cellular volume (MCV) in the group of LM60 compared with the other groups. For the other haematological parameters such as haemoglobin, red blood cell and mean cellular haemoglobin studied in the present study no significant differences were observed (p<0.05). The lupin meal included groups showed significant reduction in total protein (TPROT), triglyceride (TROG), cholesterol (CHOL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) compared with the control group (p<0.05). The inclusion of lupin meal did not cause any changes in glucose (GLU), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) between the treatment groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, lupin meal might be used in rainbow trout diets up to 30% without any malnutrition effect on growth performance, haemotological and serum biochemical parameters.Öğe Growth performance, health status, gut microbiome, and expression of immune and growth-related genes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets with pea protein replacement of fish meal(Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Fevziye Isil; Yılmaz, SevdanThe need for fish meal constrains fish farming and significantly impacts sustainability of the aquaculture industry. Hence, it is important to investigate the use of plant-based protein sources in fish diets. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of fish meal (FM) replacement by pea protein (PP) in a 60-day feeding experiment in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Effects on growth performance, body composition, hematology, serum biochemistry and immunology, and immune (TNF-alpha, IL1-ss and Il-8) and growth-related (GH and IGFI) gene expression were investigated. Five experimental diets (45% protein and 20% lipid) differed in replacement level of FM by PP at rates of 0% (control (PP0)), 25% (PP25), 50%(PP50), 75%(PP75) and 100%(PP100). Fish were fed with experimental diets in triplicate twice daily. The best growth performance was obtained in PP0 and PP25 groups. While fat ratios of fish fillets significantly differed (p < 0.05), there was no significant effects on protein ratios (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in the hematological values of fish, except those fed the PP100 diets, which displayed a reduction in eyrthocyte counts, hemoglobin content and hematocrit. As PP supplementation increased fish showed elevated serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol and myeloperoxidase activity and decreased glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activity. Fish fed diets with between 25 and 75% replacement showed a decline in lactic acid bacteria in the gut. Significant increases in expression were observed in the liver of the PP25 fish relative to the 0% control for all immune and growth-related genes except for IL1-ss. These data suggest that up to 25% of FM can be replaced by PP without any adverse effects on rainbow trout.
