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Öğe Effects of process stages on Turkish delight/lokum microbiological quality(Wiley, 2014) Ipek, Dilvin; Zorba, Nukhet N. DemirelThe sources of microbiological contamination at the lokum production lines of two local confectionaries were determined. Surface samples from the production lines were evaluated by standard and ATP bioluminescence methods. Microbial loads of raw materials were also determined. The trays and cutting knives were found to be the primary contamination sources, and personnel hands were found to be the secondary contamination sources, while all of them were found to be the secondary sources when the standard swab method was applied. Raw materials were not sources of contamination, because of their microbiological loads and the following high-temperature cooking stages. The microbial loads of lokum also were not high, due to product contents and the processes applied to lokum. There is a need for further studies related to the effects of process steps on the physical and the chemical quality of lokum. Training for workers in food safety at the confectionaries is also needed.Öğe Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Honey on ESBL and Biofilm-Producing Enterobacterales(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Tepeli, Seda Ozdikmenli; Kaya, Burcu; Ipek, DilvinMastitis is a mammary gland inflammatory disease that causes milk yield reduction and economic losses. Mastitis is bacteriological and antibiotics are usually used for treatment. Alternative natural treatment methods such as bee products, phytotherapy, and essential oils were evaluated to reduce the use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis. In this study, the in vitro antibacterial effect of flower and oak honey samples dissolved in distilled water and boric acid (2%) on ESBL and biofilm-producing Enterobacterales pathogens was investigated. The aim was to establish the usability of honey/boric acid solution against mastitis as a natural antiseptic solution for bovine udder surfaces. Honey samples were studied by dissolving in distilled water and boric acid (2%) solvents. There was no significant statistical difference between honey solutions using distilled water and boric acid (p>0.05). Antibacterial effects were increased according to the increasing honey proportion in flower honey solutions. However, the antibacterial activity of oak honey dissolved in boric acid solution was higher than dissolved in distilled water. As a result of the statistical correlation analysis between flower and oak honey samples, antibacterial effects of flower honey samples were determined to be higher than oak honey samples (p<0.05) (R=0.825). An alternative formulation for mastitis treatment with honey and boric acid was developed for the first time in the literature.Öğe EVALUATION OF QUORUM SENSING SIGNALS OF STRONG BIOFILM PRODUCING BACTERIA VIA LC-MSMS, HPLC AND BIOSENSORS(Trakya Univ Balkan Yerlesesi Enstituler Binasi, 2023) Ipek, DilvinThis study aimed to show presence of Quorum Sensing (QS) signals of Gramnegative and Gram-positive biofilm producing bacteria isolated from real dairy process lines. Defining the profile and chemical composition of QS-signals is an important factor in control of microbial resistance and biofilm production. We especially focused on unusual behaviour of Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates. Long-chain acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) signals (C14-HSL, C16-HSL and C18-HSL) and DFD (4,5-dihidroksi-2,3-pentanedione)-AI2 signals of the isolates were studied by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) methods. All Gram-positive isolates were defined as AHL-producers. All Gram-negative isolates, formerly defined as non-AHL producers by both biosensors and HPLC methods, were identified as AHL-producers. DFD signal was only detected from Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca isolates. The results demonstrated that the QS system is a complex system and biosensor microorganism may not be the best method for QS-signal identification. The results also provided new insights in defining the profile and chemical composition of QS-signals importance for interrupting the chemical communication completely to reduce biofilm formation and prevent resistance gain of microorganisms.Öğe Microbial load of white cheese process lines after CIP and COP: A case study in Turkey(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Ipek, Dilvin; Zorba, Nukhet N. DemirelMicrobial adhesion, contamination and biofilm formation are major problems in the dairy industry, in cheese production, and for consumer health. In our study, the microbial loads of white cheese process lines were examined after cleaning treatments. Bacillus spp. was determined as the most common species on process lines. Drainage, air, and water entry points were found as important contamination points. Biofilm forming capacity of Enterobacteriaceae as revealed using Congo Red agar, was very high. In addition, the standard counting and ATP Bioluminescence methods were applied and compared for evaluating biofilms. The ATP-Bioluminescence method was found useful for rapidly identifying the biofilm-formable surfaces.Öğe Microbial load of white cheese process lines after CIP and COP: A case study in Turkey (vol 90, pg 505, 2018)(Elsevier, 2019) Ipek, Dilvin; Zorba, Nukhet Nilufer Demirel[Anstract Not Available]
