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    A novel electrochemical approach to biosensing applications: Quartz tuning forks as working electrodes for immunosensors
    (Elsevier, 2023) Ari, Fikret; Ince, Bahar; Unal, Mehmet Altay; Sezgintürk, Mustafa Kemal; Ozkan, Sibel A.
    Although cutting-edge technology has improved our understanding of many cancers, the diagnostic and treatment options available still need to be improved. Electrochemical biosensors play a key role as the most suitable platform used for this purpose. Quartz tuning forks (QTF) sensors have recently become the most valuable components for frequency measurements, with high stability, sensitivity, and low power consumption. No paper has previously been reported on the functionalization and isolation of QTF for biomarker determination using electrochemical methods, marking this research as unique for being the first to investigate the response and sensitivity of QTFs in these applications. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT), an important biomarker of cardiovascular disease, a four-step surface modification was performed to the prepared QTFs' prongs. The surface was investigated in detail utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The results showed that the QTF-based immunosensor's limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.81 fg/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.24 fg/mL, with a detection range of 0.5-1500 fg/mL. The results confirmed that QTFs have unique electrode capacity in point-of-care diagnostic devices. Most importantly, due to their excellent sensitivity and low cost, QTF transducers are predicted to be widely used as a unique electrode to detect many biomarkers in EIS and CV-based electrochemical biosensors.
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    Fluid-based wearable sensors: a turning point in personalized healthcare
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Vural, Berin; Uludag, Inci; Ince, Bahar; Ozyurt, Canan; Ozturk, Funda; Sezgintürk, Mustafa Kemal
    Nowadays, it has become very popular to develop wearable devices that can monitor biomarkers to analyze the health status of the human body more comprehensively and accurately. Wearable sensors, specially designed for home care services, show great promise with their ease of use, especially during pandemic periods. Scientists have conducted many innovative studies on new wearable sensors that can noninvasively and simultaneously monitor biochemical indicators in body fluids for disease prediction, diagnosis, and management. Using noninvasive electrochemical sensors, biomarkers can be detected in tears, saliva, perspiration, and skin interstitial fluid (ISF). In this review, biofluids used for noninvasive wearable sensor detection under four main headings, saliva, sweat, tears, and ISF-based wearable sensors, were examined in detail. This report analyzes nearly 50 recent articles from 2017 to 2023. Based on current research, this review also discusses the evolution of wearable sensors, potential implementation challenges, and future prospects.
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    Individual and combined inhibitory effects of methanol and toluene on acetyl-CoA synthetase expression level of acetoclastic methanogen, Methanosaeta concilii
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Akyol, Cagri; Ince, Orhan; Coban, Halil; Koksel, Gozde; Cetecioglu, Zeynep; Oz, Nilgun Ayman; Ince, Bahar
    Organic solvents found in waste streams can be inhibitory to microbial communities in wastewater treatment plants. In this study, possible inhibitory effects of commonly used organic solvents, methanol and toluene, were investigated in batch anaerobic digestion tests. Anaerobic sludges were fed with acetate repeatedly and exposed to various concentrations of toluene, methanol and mixture of them. Expression level of the key enzyme of acetoclastic methanogenesis, acetyl-CoA synthetase 1 (Acs1), was determined by reverse transcriptase real time PCR. Additionally, active populations of Methanosaeta spp. were monitored and quantified by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Transcript abundance of Acs1 was 1.31 x 10(6) mRNAs ml(-1) in the control reactors; whereas, singular methanol exposure of 0.1 M, 0.3 M, 0.5 M and 1.0 M and methanol + toluene combination of 1.0 M + 0.5 mM and 1.0 M + 1.5 mM did not cause any significant effect on the acetyl-CoA expression level. However, singular toluene-exposed serum bottle reactors were completely inhibited after 3rd exposure at all concentrations from 0.5 mM to 4.0 mM. FISH results for singular methanol and toluene additions as well as their combination in the ranges studied showed no particular effect on the relative abundance of Methanosaeta spp. cells. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Inhibition effect of isopropanol on acetyl-CoA synthetase expression level of acetoclastic methanogen, Methanosaeta concilii
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Ince, Bahar; Koksel, Gozde; Cetecioglu, Zeynep; Oz, Nilgun Ayman; Coban, Halil; Ince, Orhan
    Isopropanol is a widely found solvent in industrial wastewaters, which have commonly been treated using anaerobic systems. In this study, inhibitory effect of isopropanol on the key microbial group in anaerobic bioreactors, acetoclastic methanogens, was investigated. Anaerobic sludges in serum bottles were repeatedly fed with acetate and isopropanol; and quantitative real-time PCR was used for determining effect of isopropanol on the expression level of a key enzyme in acetoclastic methane production, acetyl-CoA synthetase of Methanosaeta concilii. Active Methanosaeta spp. cells were also quantified using Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Transcript abundance of acetyl-CoA synthetase was 1.23 +/- 0.62 x 10(6) mRNAs/mL in the uninhibited reactors with 222 mL cumulative methane production. First exposure to isopropanol resulted in 71.2%, 84.7%, 89.2% and 94.6% decrease in mRNA level and 35.0%, 65.0%, 91.5% and 100.0% reduction in methane production for isopropanol concentrations of 0.1 M, 0.5 M, 1.0 M and 2.0 M, respectively. Repeated exposures resulted in higher inhibitions; and at the end of test, fluorescent intensities of active Methanosaeta cells were significantly decreased due to isopropanol. The overall results indicated that isopropanol has an inhibitory effect on acetoclastic methanogenesis; and the inhibition can be detected by monitoring level of acetyl-CoA transcripts and rRNA level. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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    Lateral flow assays for food analyses: Food contaminants, allergens, toxins, and beyond
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Ince, Bahar; Uludag, Inci; Demirbakan, Burcak; Ozyurt, Canan; Ozcan, Burcu; Sezgintürk, Mustafa Kemal
    Food safety is a major issue because of the prevalence of pathogens, chemicals, and other potentially harmful substances in food products. Because of this, the creation of a reliable and accessible tool for checking on food quality is essential. In comparison to traditional techniques, lateral flow tests for the identification of food-borne pathogens are more modern, straightforward, and quick. This review examines the use of lateral flow biosensors for the detection of various food contaminants and the labels used to improve the effectiveness of the system. Since LFAs may be carried out by non-specialists, they are well-suited for on-site testing in a variety of food production and distribution environments.
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    Lateral flow assays for viruses diagnosis: Up-to-date technology and future prospects
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Ince, Bahar; Sezgintuerk, Mustafa Kemal
    Bacteria, viruses, and parasites are harmful microorganisms that cause infectious diseases. Early detec-tion of diseases is critical to prevent disease transmission and provide epidemic preparedness, as these can cause widespread deaths and public health crises, particularly in resource-limited countries. Lateral flow assay (LFA) systems are simple-to-use, disposable, inexpensive diagnostic devices to test biomarkers in blood and urine samples. Thus, LFA has recently received significant attention, especially during the pandemic. Here, first of all, the design principles and working mechanisms of existing LFA methods are examined. Then, current LFA implementation strategies are presented for communicable disease di-agnoses, including COVID-19, zika and dengue, HIV, hepatitis, influenza, malaria, and other pathogens. Furthermore, this review focuses on an overview of current problems and accessible solutions in detecting infectious agents and diseases by LFA, focusing on increasing sensitivity with various detection methods. In addition, future trends in LFA-based diagnostics are envisioned.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Quartz tuning fork biosensor: A potential tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection
    (Elsevier, 2023) Kavacik, Mehmet; Ince, Bahar; Ari, Fikret; Unal, Mehmet Altay; Sezgintürk, Mustafa Kemal; Ozkan, Sibel A.
    Portable, fast, and practical devices are important in the fight against epidemic diseases. The lack of readily available small-scale commercial solutions prompted us to delve deeper into this research effort. Investment in Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF)-based biosensor research is significant due to its seamless integration with miniaturised and portable devices. Within the scope of this study, a new, cost-effective, and versatile frequency analyser designed for detecting diseases, compatible with screens of different sizes, has been introduced. The modified QTF sensor occured mass-sensitive SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (SARS-NP) detection with remarkable simplicity, sensitivity, and selectivity. The developed QTF-based biosensor has an impressive linear detection range ranging from 5 to 200 ng/mL and an exceptionally low limit of detection (LOD) value of 1.72 ng/ mL. The sensitivity of the developed QTF-based biosensor was obtained as 50 Hz/1 mu M. The biosensor response was then evaluated in commercial human serum sample. After 15 days of storage, these biosensors retained approximately 93.7 % of their initial activity. Additionally, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) comprehensively characterised the electrode surface.
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    The use of aptamers for environmental biosensors
    (Elsevier, 2024) Özyurt, Canan; Ince, Bahar; Uludağ, Inci; Sezgintürk, Mustafa Kemal
    In recent years, the development of innovative technologies has revolutionized the field of biosensing, offering new possibilities to detect and monitor environmental pollutants with unique sensitivity and specificity. Environmental biosensors have become crucial tools in addressing the growing concerns about pollution, contamination, and the overall health of our ecosystems. These biosensors play a significant role in detecting and monitoring various pollutants, including organic pollutants, heavy metals, pathogens, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Recent developments in biosensing technologies have led to the emergence of electrochemical aptasensors as a promising approach to detecting and monitoring environmental pollutants. Aptasensors, which utilize aptamers as biorecognition elements, offer numerous advantages over traditional analytical techniques. These advantages include high sensitivity, rapid response, low cost, and compatibility with portable and miniature devices. By combining the unique properties of aptamers with the sensitivity and simplicity of electrochemical sensing, aptasensors have the potential to revolutionize environmental monitoring. This chapter primarily focuses on using electrochemical aptasensors to detect and analyze environmental pollutants within the past 3 years. This work aims to serve as a valuable resource for future research endeavors by comprehensively examining various design methodologies’ analytical and technical intricacies with merits and drawbacks. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.