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    Bioethanol potential of switchgrass cultivars for rainfed and irrigated conditions in marginal lands
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Gönülal, Erdal; Hocaoğlu, Onur
    Bioethanol is a climate-friendly alternative to conventional energy sources. This study was conducted to determine bioenergy potential of switchgrass cultivation in Central Anatolia where water scarcity limits the agricultural production. Field trials were conducted in a randomized blocks design with three replications under irrigated and rainfed conditions for three growing seasons (2019, 2020 and 2021). Biomass yield (BY), theoretical cellulosic ethanol yield (TEY), theoretical ethanol potential (TEP) with several quality parameters of 10 switchgrass cultivars were evaluated. Highest BY averages were obtained from Boomaster cultivar with 5.28 (rainfed) and 18.45 t ha−1 (irrigated) when Dacotah had the lowest BY averages of 1.55 (rainfed) and 5.29 t ha−1 (irrigated). ANOVA and Genotype Trait Biplot results revealed higher BY, TEY and TEP with lower ADF, NDF and ADL of lowland ecotype cultivars. Lowland ecotypes provided superior results in both rainfed and irrigated conditions with a higher response to irrigation. TEY of switchgrass were found as positively associated with BY, plant height and stem weight which could be used as indicators of TEY for genotype selection. In conclusion, lowland ecotype cultivars of switchgrass were recommended for bioethanol production in water limited environments.
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    Çanakkale ekolojik koşullarında yerel ekmeklik buğdaylardan seçilen saf hatların tescilli çeşitlerle verim ve verim unsurları bakımından karşılaştırılması
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2013) Hocaoğlu, Onur; Akçura, Mevlüt
    Bu çalışmada 2011?2012 yetiştiricilik döneminde Türkiye?nin Denizli, Edirne, Kahramanmaraş ve Konya illerinden toplanmış 49 Yerel ekmeklik buğday çeşidinden seçilmiş yerel buğday hatları ile 7 tescilli ekmeklik buğday çeşidi tane verimleri ve verim unsurları bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. ÇOMÜ Dardanos Yerleşkesinde eksik bloklar deneme desinine göre iki tekerrürlü olarak kurulan denemeden elde edilen veriler, varyans analizi yapılarak duncan gruplarının oluşturulmasıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Bazı yerel buğday hatlarının tane verimi, bintane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi, başakta tane ağırlığı ile başakta tane verimi özelliklerinde tescilli çeşitlerin arkasında kaldığı, bitki boyu, üst boğum arası uzunluğu, başak uzunluğu, gelişme döneminde biyomass ve başakta başakçık sayısı gibi verim unsurları ile protein içeriği bakımından tescilli çeşitlerin bazılarını geçtiği belirlenmiştir. Bu verilerden yola çıkarak üstün yerel buğday hatları belirlenerek, Çanakkale koşulları için daha verimli ve daha kazançlı bir buğday tarımı için ekmeklik buğday ıslahına yapabileceği katkılar irdelenmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler: Yerel Ekmeklik Buğday Çe?itleri, Çanakkale, Tane Verimi, Verim unsurları.
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    Çanakkale koşullarında bazı yulaf çeşitlerinin azot kullanım etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020) Hocaoğlu, Onur; Akçura, Mevlüt
    Tarımda verimliliğin artmasının öncelikli yollarından biri azot kullanım etkinliğinin arttırılmasıdır. Bu çalışma Chekota, Kahraman, Sebat, Seydişehir ve Yeniçeri çeşitlerinin 0, 5, 10, 15 ve 20 kg N/da azotlu gübre uygulamaları altında azot kullanım etkinliği, tane verimi ve verim unsurlarının incelenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemeler 2015-2016 ve 2017-2018 yetiştirme dönemlerinde ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Çiftliği Bitkisel Üretim ve Araştırma Biriminde bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine uygun şekilde 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Hasat olgunluğu döneminde parsellerden yapılan örneklemeler ile tane verimi, bin tane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi, biyolojik verim, bitki boyu, salkım boyu, salkımda tane sayısı, salkımda tane ağırlığı ve çeşitlerin azot verimleri belirlenerek azot kullanım etkinlikleri hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre incelenen tüm özelliklerde çeşit, doz ve çeşit x doz etkileşimleri önemli bulunmuştur. Yulafta en yüksek tane verimi ve biyolojik verimin 15 kg N/da, azot verimlerinin ise 20 kg N/da dozlarında görüldüğü; buna karşılık azot kullanım etkinliğinin uygulanan saf azot miktarına bağlı olarak azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, geleneksel – uzun boylu (Chekota ve Seydişehir) ve yeni tescilli – kısa boylu (Kahraman, Yeniçeri, Sebat) yulaf çeşitlerinin azot dozlarına olan tepkilerinde önemli farklılıklar bulunduğuna işaret etmektedir. Kahraman ve Sebat çeşitleri Çanakkale koşullarında en yüksek tane verimine ulaşan çeşitler olmalarının yanında, regresyon denklemleri ile yapılan tahminlemelere göre aynı zamanda en yüksek verim potansiyeline sahip olan çeşitler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında Kahraman çeşidi yüksek biyolojik verim ve bin tane ağırlığı ile de öne çıkarken Sebat çeşidi tane verimi bakımından azotlu gübreye en yüksek tepkiyi veren ve özellikle artan azot dozlarında en yüksek azot kullanım etkinliğine sahip olan çeşit olmuştur. Çeşit x doz etkileşimlerinin incelendiği PCA Biplot analizi sonuçlarına göre 0, 5 ve 10 kg N/da dozlarının uygulandığı parseller azotça fakir, 15 ve 20 kg N/da dozlarının uygulandığı parseller ise azotça zengin doz grubunda yer alırken yeni çeşitlerin tüm dozlarda eski çeşitlere göre daha iyi tane verimine sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Çanakkale koşullarında azot kullanım etkinliği ve tane verimi bakımından yüksek azot dozlarını daha iyi kullanabilen yeni yulaf çeşitlerinin tercih edilmesinin daha kazançlı olacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
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    Determination of Grain Quality Parameters of Selected Bread Wheat Varieties and Pure Lines Derived from Landraces of Türkiye
    (2022) Hocaoğlu, Onur; Akçura, Mevlüt; Aydoğan, Seydi; Akçacık, Aysun Göçmen
    Bread wheat landraces are considered among important gene sources for quality breeding programs. This study aims to compare thousand kernel weight crude protein ratio, dry gluten ratio, grain hardness and zeleny sedimentation results of 20 bread wheat lines selected from landraces to 5 registered cultivars in order to determine future candidates for quality breeding programs. Field experiments were conducted in the consequent 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 growing seasons in Çanakkale (Türkiye), according to randomized complete block design with three replications. ANOVA results indicated significant difference among genotypes, means were compared with Duncan’s test. Additionally, genotype × growing season interaction were significant for all parameters. Results of cluster and PCA Biplot analysis revealed a significant and positive relationship between crude protein ratio and dry gluten ratio while allowing for the selection of superior landrace pure lines. Our findings suggested that bread wheat varieties had higher TKW compared to landrace pure lines when pure lines had higher crude protein ratio, dry gluten ratio, sedimentation value with generally softer grains. Bread wheat landraces were concluded as being important variation sources.
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    Determination of Yield and Yield Components of Selected Bread Wheat Varieties and Landrace Derived Pure Lines Collected from Various Provinces of Türkiye
    (2022) Akçura, Mevlüt; Hocaoğlu, Onur
    Turkey’s flora contains a substantial genetic diversity of natural wheat landrace germplasm. This study aims to compare 20 bread wheat pure lines selected from landraces and 5 varieties by their yield and yield components to select promising genotypes. Field experiments are conducted in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 growing seasons in Çanakkale (Türkiye), according to a randomized complete block experimental design with three replications. Plant height, spike length, the number of spikelets per spike, spike weight, grain weight per spike, the number of grains per spike, the number of spikes per square meter, the number of grains per square meter, biomass, harvest index and grain yield of all bread wheat genotypes were determined. ANOVA results indicated that differences between all genotypes were significant. Commercial varieties were found to have higher grain yield, harvest index, spike weight, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, and number of grains per square meter compared to the landrace-derived pure lines, when pure lines were found to have higher plant height, biomass, and number of spikelets per spike. Results suggested that bread wheat landraces tended to be superior to the varieties by vegetative traits but inferior by grain properties, which could be the result of breeding efforts aimed to improve the grain yield of wheat. In conclusion, pure lines with high grain yield, Hakkari TR 47982/5 and Kırklareli TR 38316/2 were suggested as candidates to be utilized in future breeding programs.
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    Determining the Growth of Naked Oat Genotypes by Using Nonlinear Regression Models and Zadoks Growth Scale
    (Mevlüt AKÇURA, 2022) Hocaoğlu, Onur; Akçura, Mevlüt; Çeri, Sait
    Increasing popularity of the naked oat (Avena nuda L.) in the food industry promoted the value of its cultivation. Despite the growing demand for the naked oat grain, the research about its agronomy is currently limited. Aim of this study were to evaluate the growth characteristics of naked oat with nonlinear regression models. Field trials were conducted according to the split block design with three replications. Our growth data consisted of weekly dry weight observations covering the entire growth span of four naked oat genotypes (211 samplings in total) for two growing seasons. Curve fitting successfully revealed the genotypic and environmental variations when sampling weeks and Zadoks growth stages were used as time measures in two separate analyses. According to results, last week of tillering stage were found to be critical for naked oat when the rate of growth reached its peak around booting stage. Implementing Zadoks growth stage as time measure in growth analysis had several drawbacks but revealed unique interpretations about the crop development and environmental variation. Logistic, Logistic Power and Ratkowsky models were the best fitting models to assess weekly dry weight increases with the coefficient of determinations ranging from 0.99177 to 0.94206
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    Evaluating Mineral Contents of Selected Bread Wheat Landrace Pure Lines Derived from West Anatolia and Marmara Regions and Cultivars by GGE Biplot
    (2017) Hocaoğlu, Onur; Akçura, Mevlüt
    Bread wheat landraces are important resources for micronutritent improvement in plant breeding programs. Thisresearch aims to evaluate 9 macro and micronutrient contents (Fe, Zn, B, K, Mn, Cu, Mg, Ca, Mo) of 37 bread wheatpure lines derived from landraces of West Anatolia (Eskişehir and Kütahya) and Thrace (Edirne and Kırklareli) regionsand compare with 11 bread wheat cultivars by using GGE Biplot. Field trials are conducted by incomplete block designwith two replications in 2011-2012 growing season in Dardanos Agricultural Facility of Çanakkale Onsekiz MartUniversity. According to the biplot graphics, iron and zinc contents of genotypes were involved into the same sectionwhen boron and molibden contents were also highly correlated. Pure line L4 (TR57999/5) were the most prominentgenotype for iron and zinc contents when L36 (TR38316/2) were superior by both boron and molibden contents.Copper contents of grains were found negatively correlated with iron and zinc contents. Results indicate notablevariability among pure lines and lesser variability for cultivars for all micronutrients. Wheat cultivars had relativelyhigher Mo content while could be improved by their Fe, Zn, B, K and Ca contents. Possible candidates are introducedto be used in a future study.
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    Evaluating Scald Reactions of Some Turkish Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Varieties Using GGE Biplot Analysis
    (Mdpi, 2023) Akan, Kadir; Cat, Ahmet; Hocaoğlu, Onur; Tekin, Mehmet
    Scald caused by the fungal pathogen Rhynchosporium commune is a significant foliar disease affecting barley production on a global scale, and it leads to substantial reductions in both yield and quality of barley. In the current study, the reactions of 40 Turkish barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties to scald were evaluated under natural conditions in canakkale and Kirsehir in 2021-2022, and Antalya and Siirt locations in 2022-2023 growing seasons. Field trials were conducted according to randomized block design with three replications in each year; the spore concentration was 1 x 10(6) spores per mL, and it was applied to the varieties three times at different growth stages. The reactions of barley varieties were assessed using a newly designed two-digit scale ranging from 11 to 99. Based on their scale values, the varieties were categorized as immune (0), resistant (11-35), moderately resistant (36-55), moderately susceptible (56-75), and susceptible (76-99). In addition, genotype plus genotype-by-environment (GGE) interactions of scale values were analyzed through GGE Biplot and explained 97.65% of the total variation. The ranking of genotypes based on scale groups generally showed consistency with GGE Biplot results, but GGE Biplot offered a more detailed classification, especially for moderately susceptible varieties. The relationship between the two methods indicated the relative stability of variety reactions, as GGE Biplot analysis also considered genotype stability. In conclusion, the use of the newly developed scale for evaluating scald reactions in barley gives reliable results. In addition, identified resistant varieties can serve as valuable genetic resources for further breeding studies.
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    Kavuzsuz yulaf genotipleri ile bazı yulaf çeşitlerinin Marmara bölgesindeki tane verimleri ve bazı tarımsal özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi
    (Mevlüt AKÇURA, 2022) Hocaoğlu, Onur; Akçura, Mevlüt; Çeri, Sait
    Kavuzsuz yulaf, besleyici tanesi ve gıda sanayiindeki geniş kullanım imkanlarıyla dikkat çeken ülkemiz için yeni bir tahıldır. Bu çalışmada 3 kavuzsuz yulaf genotipi ile Kahraman, Diriliş, Küçükyayla, Otağı, Sebat ve Yeniçeri yulaf çeşitlerinin tane verimi (TV), bin tane ağırlığı (BTA), hektolitre ağırlığı (HL) ve biyolojik verim (BV) yönlerinden karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Çanakkale’de 2019-2020 ve 2020-2021 sezonlarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre iki tekrarlamalı olarak kurulan tarla denemelerinden elde edilen sonuçlar varyans analizi, Tukey testi ve GÖ (Genotip Özellik) Biplot yöntemleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre tescilli yulaf çeşitlerinden Diriliş TV, Kahraman HL, Otağı ise BV değerleri ile öne çıkmışlardır. Kavuzsuz yulaf genotiplerinde yüksek TV ve BTA belirlenmiş, ülkemizde kavuzsuz yulafın üretim potansiyelinin yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
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    Modelling the Effect of Irrigation Deficit on Maize Growth with Logistic Regression
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Hocaoğlu, Onur; Gonülal, Erdal; Akçura, Mevlüt
    This research is conducted to model the limiting effects of irrigation deficit on maize growth which is a major challenge in dry areas. Field trials were conducted in completely randomized block design with three replications in Konya region (Turkey) during 2020 and 2021 growing seasons between May and August. Dry matter (DM) increase of maize was assessed on weekly intervals under four irrigation treatments, configured as %100, 75, 50 and 25 of the field capacity. Curve fitting with Logistic regression model demonstrated gradual decreases of maximum DM (from 496.331 to 254.119 g) and maximum growth rate (49,95 to 29,47 g/weeks) in average due to irrigation deficit when accurately modeling the DM accumulation with the varying R2 values between 0.979 and 0.995. Results of logistic regression curves and IWUE suggested that even 25% restriction of irrigation water caused an average of %25.5 decrease on DM when 50% and more restriction could be associated with water stress. Additionally, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was increased after the maximum acceleration point (MAP) which coincided with tasseling stage and inflection point (IP) where growth rate reaches to maximum, indicating that these periods were critical for maize in terms of preventing water deficiency.
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    Using GGE Biplot Analysis to Evaluate Interrelationships between Yield and Yield Components of Oat Genotypes in Different Growing Seasons
    (Korean Society of Crop Science, 2018) Akcura, Mevlüt; Sabandüzen, Burcu; Hocaoğlu, Onur
    The aim of this study was to evaluate oat genotypes for grain yield and yield components in both 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons using GGE biplot analysis. Experiments were laid out according to lattice design. Biomass at harvest, grain yield, number of grain per panicle, weight of grain per panicle, flag leaf width, flag leaf height, plant height, stem diameter, thousand kernel weight, time of panicle emergence, harvest index, panicle length, and spikelet per panicle were evaluated for 56 oat genotypes. GGE biplot graphics of the first and second years explained 54.4 and 55% of total variation, respectively. Grain yield, number of grains per panicle, and weight of grain per panicle were closely and positively associated in both growing seasons. Recently registered cultivar Sari and lines 26, 29, and 30 were found as promising genotypes for Çanakkale conditions. Traits of genotype at different growing seasons can be visually studied using different genotype-by-trait (GT) biplots. © 2018, Korean Society of Crop Science (KSCS) and Springer Nature B.V.