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    Anti-Staphylococcal Activity of Verbascum thapsus L. against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    (Duzce Univ, 2017) Dulger, Gorkem; Tutenocakli, Tulay; Dulger, Basaran
    Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the anti-Staphylococcal activity of ethanol extract obtained from leaves of Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae) plant. Methods: The anti-Staphylococcal activity of the extract of ethanol extracted from the leaves of Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae) was investigated against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria by Agarwell diffusion method and microdilution method. Results: The ethanol extract showed antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains (MIC < 1024 mu g/mL). When compared with Methicillin and Gentamicin, the extract was more effective against MRSA strains. Conclusion: The use of Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae) as an anti-Staphylococcal agent has been found to be appropriate in vitro and should be performed in vivo.
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    Antibacterial Activity of Two Endemic Hypericum (H. kazdaghensis and H. havvae) Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    (Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2010) Dulger, Gorkem; Dulger, Basaran; Akı, Cüneyt
    Aqueous and ethanolic extracts obtained from endemic Hypericum kazdaghensis Gemici et Leblebici and H. havvae A. Guner have been investigated for its ability to inhibit 35 hospital isolated of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plant were effective on MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of the ethanolic extract with the greatest antibacterial activity were those of H. kazdagensis MIC 0.2-0.4 mg/mL and MBC 0.4-1.6 mg/mL, respectively.
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    Antimicrobial Activity of Endemic Ballota nigra subsp anatolica in Turkey
    (Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2010) Dulger, Gorkem; Akı, Cüneyt; Dulger, Basaran
    The ethanol extracts obtained from Ballota nigra subsp. anatolica P.H. Davis (Lamiaceae) were investigated for their antimicrobial activities. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Escherichia coli ATCC 10538, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6899, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 10239, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238, Kluyveromyces fragilis ATCC 8608 and Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403 by disk diffusion method and microdilution method. Some antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics were used as a positive reference standard to determine the sensitivity of the strains. The extracts showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 13.0 mm and with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC's) of 250 (500) mu g/mL, respectively. The extracts also exhibited moderate activity against the other test microorganisms. The results demonstrate that the ethanol extract of B. nigra subsp. anatolica has significant activity and suggest that it may be useful in the treatment of infections.
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    Antimicrobial activity of endemic Ballota nigra subsp. anatolica in Turkey
    (Chemical Publishing Co., 2010) Dulger, Gorkem; Akı, Cüneyt; Dulger, Basaran
    The ethanol extracts obtained from Ballota nigra subsp. anatolica P.H. Davis (Lamiaceae) were investigated for their antimicrobial activities. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Escherichia coli ATCC 10538, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6899, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 10239, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238, Kluyveromyces fragilis ATCC 8608 and Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403 by disk diffusion method and microdilution method. some antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics were used as a positive reference standard to determine the sensitivity of the strains. The extracts showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 13.0 mm and with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC's) of 250 (500) ?g/mL, respectively. The extracts also exhibited moderate activity against the other test microorganisms. The results demonstrate that the ethanol extract of B. nigra subsp. anatolica has significant activity and suggest that it may be useful in the treatment of infections.
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    Antimicrobial activity of endemic Hypericum havvae from Turkey
    (Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2008) Dulger, Basaran; Hacioglu, Nurcihan; Dulger, Gorkem
    n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Hypericum havvae A.Guner (Hyperiaceae) were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Alcaligenes faecalis CCM 3763, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Staphylococcus aureus 6538P, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27583, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Micrococcus luteus CCM 169, Micrococcus flavus ATCC 14452, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403 and Kluyveromyces fragilis ATCC 8608. While extracts of the plant have shown strong antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria, they have weak activity against the tested yeast cultures.
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    Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Ballota acetabulosa on microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infections
    (Turkish Pharmacists Association, 2012) Dulger, Basaran; Dulger, Gorkem
    The methanolic extracts obtained from the leaves of Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Bentham (Lamiaceae) were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against the pathogens causing complicated urine tract infections (Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans) by disc diffusion method and microdilution method. Some antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics were used as a positive reference standard to determine the sensitivity of the test microorganisms. The extracts showed strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli with inhibition zones of 18.6 mm, with MIC's and MBC's of 32(64) ng/mL. Also, the extracts exhibited moderate activity against the other test microorganisms. The results demonstrate that the methanolic extract of the leaves of Ballota acetabulosa has significant activity and suggest that it may be useful in the treatment of infections.
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    Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of endemic Cephalaria tuteliana
    (Elsevier, 2024) Kiliccioglu, Ilker; Dulger, Gorkem; Senturk, Fatih; Bozyel, Mustafa Eray; Canli, Kerem; Dulger, Basaran
    Introduction: The genus Cephalaria, belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, is a rich source of secondary metabolites, including mainly saponins which display a variety of biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancerous effects. This study was carried out to observe the biochemical composition and to evaluate the biological activities of Cephalaria tuteliana Kus & Gokturk. Methods: The composition of endemic C. tuteliana was determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies. Antimicrobial effect were determined by the disk diffusion and dilution methods for test bacteria and test fungi. The antioxidant potential of the ethanol extract was also investigated. Cell proliferation and apoptosis analysis were investigated by WST-1 and ELISA methods. The migration level of PC-3 prostate cancer cells after plant extract application was examined by wound healing assay. Also, molecular docking experiments were performed to investigate the anticancer activity of the major component found in the C.tuteliana extract. Results: GC-MS analysis showed that the predominant compounds were Phenol, 2,20-methylenebis [6-(1,1dimethyl ethyl)-4-methyl- (23.54 %), 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol, (Z,Z,Z)-(6.06 %) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (3.03 %). The ethanolic extract of C. tuteliana displayed moderate antimicrobial activity against a spectrum of tested microorganisms. Also, it exhibited significant antiproliferative effects on PC-3 human prostate cancer cells while having no harmful effects on healthy control HUVEC cells. Furthermore, enhanced expressions of Caspase-3, 8, and 9 were observed in PC-3 cells after plant extract treatment. Also, cell migration level was notably reduced, especially at a dose of 400 mg/mL in PC-3 cells. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extracts of C. tuteliana showed higher activity than ascorbic acid. Molecular docking experiments showed potential binding of the major aromatic compound in C.tuteliana extract to human androgen receptor 1E3G protein. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of C. tuteliana as a valuable natural resource and pave the way for further in vivo prostate cancer investigations. (c) 2024 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Heavy Metal Biosorption and Plasmid Profiles of Heavy Metal Resistance Bacteria isolated from Soil Samples of Thermal power, Canakkale, Turkey
    (Research Journal Biotechnology, 2017) Dulger, Gorkem; Akı, Cüneyt
    The aim of this study is to investigate the isolation, characterization, determination of plasmid contents and metal absorption capacities of heavy metal-resistant bacteria from soil samples of thermal power. Samples were collected from soil in the area of thermal power. To define the resistance of heavy metal, metal solutions of ZnCl2, FeCl3 6 center dot H2O, Pb(NO3)(2) and CuSO4 in varying concentrations were added to culture media by using MIC method. The bacteria of highest MIC level were defined through VITEK 2 system and their plasmid profiles were determined. The metal biosorption capacities of two isolates were defined through ICP-AES. In total, 37 heavy metal resistant bacteria were isolated from soil samples. Results showed that 15 of them contained plasmid DNA. Finally, biosorption experiments with two isolates with the highest metal resistance were performed. While the metal having the highest growing speed of biosorption among Fe, Zn, Pb and Cu metals which were used in this study for Bacillus mycoides (isolate 26) is Zn, it is followed by Pb, Fe and Cu orderly. While the metal having the highest growing speed of biosorption for Enterobacter cloacea complex (isolate 10) is Pb, it is followed by Zn, Fe and Cu orderly.