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Öğe Assessment of 210Po and 210Pb in lichen, moss and soil around Can coal-fired power plant, Turkey(Springer, 2016) Belivermis, Murat; Kilic, Onder; Cayir, Akin; Coskun, Mahmut; Coskun, MunevverThis paper deals with determination of Po-210 and Pb-210 activity concentrations using epigeic moss (Hypnum cupressiforme), bushy soil (fruticose) lichen (Cladonia rangiformis) and surface soil samples in the area around C, an coal-fired power plant, northwest Turkey. Mean activity concentrations of Po-210 and Pb-210 were found to be 303.9 and 425.8 Bq kg(-1) for moss, 161.6 and 259.1 Bq kg(-1) for lichen, and 79.9 and 91.5 Bq kg(1) for soil samples at dry weight, respectively. We propose that distance and altitude of sampling site may be of significant parameters of distribution of both radionuclides.Öğe Assessment of the genotoxic potential of a migraine-specific drug by comet and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Cayir, Akin; Cobanoglu, Hayal; Coskun, MunevverBackground: Eletriptan is a migraine-specific drug-containing the triptan group. In terms of drug safety, the present study aimed to investigate the genotoxic potential of eletriptan. Research design & methods: We conducted our study by using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) assay, a comprehensive method for measuring micronucleus formation, and a sensitive method for detecting DNA-strand breaks. In the assay, cytokinesis-block proliferation index and the frequency of micronuclei were evaluated in lymphocytes treated with three different concentrations (1, 10 and 25 mu g/ml) of eletriptan for 48 hours. In comet assays, DNA damage was evaluated in leucocytes treated with three different concentrations (1, 10 and 25 mu g/ml) of eletriptan for an hour. Results: Eletriptan did not induce cytotoxicity nor any increased micronuclei frequencies. While the comet parameters % DNA in tail, tail moment, and the olive moment was found to be significantly increased at 10 and 25 mu g/ml, the cytokinesis-block proliferation index values were not. Conclusion: These findings suggest that eletriptan is non-cytotoxic but potentially weakly genotoxic at higher concentrations (10 and 25 mu g/ml).Öğe Comet assay for assessment of DNA damage in greenhouse workers exposed to pesticides(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Cayir, Akin; Coskun, Mahmut; Coskun, Munevver; Cobanoglu, HayalPurpose: The main goal of the present study was to determine DNA damage in pesticide-exposed greenhouse workers and pesticides non-exposed controls. Materials and methods: The DNA damage was measured by alkaline comet assay method (pH > 13) in 41 greenhouse workers and 45 non-exposed individuals as the control. Pesticide exposure was assessed by duration of working in the greenhouse and pesticide application in the greenhouse time. DNA damage was estimated by arbitrary unit and damage frequency. Results: Arbitrary unit and damage frequency were consistently significantly higher in greenhouse workers than those of the controls (p = 0.001). In terms of gender in greenhouse, DNA damage of female workers was significantly higher than those in male workers (p < 0.05). We found significant correlation between DNA damage and working hours spent. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that working hours in the greenhouse as an indication of pesticide exposure were significantly associated with the DNA damage, which can be attributed to the genotoxic potential of the pesticide mixture. Conclusions: The comet assay is sensitive to detect the damage exposed to chronic effect of pesticides in greenhouse workers. Significant DNA damage was obtained for the exposed group, which was associated with the pesticide exposure.Öğe Comparison of buccal micronucleus cytome assay parameters in the pesticide-exposed greenhouse workers with the controls(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2017) Cayir, Akin; Coskun, Munevver; Cobanoglu, Hayal; Coskun, Mahmut[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Comparison of Epigeic Moss (Hypnum cupressiforme) and Lichen (Cladonia rangiformis) as Biomonitor Species of Atmospheric Metal Deposition(Springer, 2009) Coskun, Mahmut; Steinnes, Eiliv; Coskun, Munevver; Cayir, AkinIn the present work epigeic moss (Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.) and epigeic lichen (Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm.) samples were collected simultaneously in the Thrace region, Turkey according to a regular sampling grid. Whereas the moss was found at all 68 sampling sites, the lichen could be collected only at 25 of the sites, presumably because lichens are more sensitive than mosses with respect to air pollution and climatic variations. All elements showed higher accumulation in the moss than in the lichen whereas element inter-correlations were generally higher in the lichen. All considered the moss was judged to be a better choice than the lichen for biomonitoring of atmospheric deposition of metals in this case, and it is argued that mosses may be generally more suited than lichens for this purpose.Öğe Determination of atmospheric heavy metal pollution in Canakkale and Balikesir provinces using lichen (Cladonia rangiformis) as a bioindicator(Springer, 2007) Cayir, Akin; Coskun, Munevver; Coskun, MahmutA regional study was conducted to assess the current level of atmospheric heavy metal pollution (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd) in the Canakkale and Balikesir provinces of Turkey, and also to establish a baseline for future studies of atmospheric heavy metal pollution. The lichen Cladonia rangiformis was used for determining the distribution of heavy metals in the atmosphere. The highest concentration of all these elements was observed in the vicinity of Balikesir province where there is an abandoned lead-zinc main. On the other hand, apart from the mining area, the concentration of heavy metals was similar to the data reported for unpolluted areas. Maximum values of Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Cd were 33.8, 47.6, 13.0, 5.29, and 0.69 mg/kg in dry weight, respectively. Spatial distribution of these elements, apart from Cr, was similar. Correlation coefficients between Zn-Pb, Cr-Zn, Cu-Pb, Cu-Zn, Cd-Zn, and Cd-Cr were high and positive, and indicated that they come from the same sources.Öğe Different working conditions shift the genetic damage levels of pesticide-exposed agriculture workers(Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Cobanoglu, Hayal; Coskun, Munevver; Coskun, Mahmut; Cayir, AkinIn the current study, we had two main purposes. Firstly, we aimed to compare genetic damages in the agricultural workers of two different types of environmental conditions including the greenhouse and open fields. Secondly, we aimed to compare genetic damages in the total agricultural workers as the exposed group (greenhouse and open field workers) (n = 114) and the non-exposed control group (n = 98) living in the same area in Canakkale, Turkey. For these purposes, we investigated the incidence of micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. We observed that the frequencies of MN, NPB, and NBUD obtained for the greenhouse workers were statistically significantly higher than those obtained for the open field workers. When the results of the control group were compared with those of the total workers, there were statistically significant differences in terms of MN and NBUD frequencies. We found that age and MN were correlated at a significant level in both the agricultural workers and the control group. The MN frequency of the female workers was 1.5 times greater than that of the male workers, and it was a significant level in the agricultural workers.Öğe DNA damage and circulating cell free DNA in greenhouse workers exposed to pesticides(Wiley, 2018) Cayir, Akin; Coskun, Mahmut; Coskun, Munevver; Cobanoglu, HayalPesticides widely used in agriculture and other applications have been linked to cancer and other diseases through several potential mechanisms. The goals of this study were to assess DNA damage in lymphocytes by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN), and to measure circulating cell free DNA (ccf-DNA) in the blood of pesticide-exposed greenhouse workers and matched controls living in the same area. CBMN was applied to peripheral blood lymphocyte samples taken at different times (spring and autumn) for each individual. We measured plasma ccf-DNA levels using a Qubit((R)) fluorometer. The results indicated that the MNL, BNMN, and NBUDs frequencies of pesticide-exposed individuals were significantly higher than non-exposed individuals. Apart from MNL, BNMN and CBPI, a season-related effect was found for the NPB and NBUD frequencies. With MNL and BNMN as the dependent variables, multiple regression analysis showed that age and gender affected MN formation. The ccf-DNA level in the pesticide-exposed group was significantly higher than the control group. There was no seasonal variation regarding the free DNA amount. Ccf-DNA in males was found to be higher than females. The MNL, BNMN, NPB, and CBPI did not correlate with the ccf-DNA amount. It can be concluded that pesticide exposure can modulate DNA integrity via different mechanisms. Also, elevated levels of ccf-DNA could be recommended as a biomarker of pesticide exposure. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:161-169, 2018. (c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe Evaluation of background DNA damage in a Turkish population measured by means of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay(Elsevier, 2013) Coskun, Mahmut; Cayir, Akin; Coskun, Munevver; Tok, HayalThis study aimed to determine the background incidence of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a population in the province of Canakkale, Turkey. Seventy-one individuals living under similar socio-economic conditions, not exposed to an X-ray examination during the last six months, receiving no medical treatment and not involved in agricultural activities were evaluated. In addition to genetic end-points, the cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) was determined. MN and NBUD frequencies gradually increased with age. MN frequencies of the older group were similar to 7 fold higher than those of the younger group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that apart from age, no significant effects of various confounding factors on MN and NBUD were observed. NPB frequencies were affected by gender. In the present study, no statistically significant effect was found of smoking on the genetic end-points evaluated, which agrees with results from other studies. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Evaluation of genotoxic potential of pemetrexed by using in vitro alkaline comet assay(Marmara Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2017) Cobanoglu, Hayal; Coskun, Munevver; Coskun, Mahmut; Cayir, AkinPemetrexed is a chemotherapeutic drug, approved for the treatment of mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer and variety of neoplasm. Chemotherapeutic drugs don't target only cancer cells in treatment. During treatment these drugs encounter with normal cells as well. Therefore, in this in vitro study, it was aimed to investigate the whether genotoxic effect or not of Pemetrexed on normal leukocytes. In vitro alkaline comet assay was used in this study. Leukocytes from human peripheral blood samples from two volunteer donors were used in the study. In the present study, leukocytes were treated with four different concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 mu g/ml) of the drug for 1 hour. At concentration of 75 mu g/ml and 100 mu g/ml, there were statistically significant increases in DNA damage compared to the negative control (p<0.05, and p<0.01 respectively). The obtained result shows that Pemetrexed may have genotoxic potential on normal leucocytes.Öğe Evaluation of Metal Concentrations in Mussel M-galloprovincialis in the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey in Regard of Safe Human Consumption(Springer, 2012) Cayir, Akin; Coskun, Mahmut; Coskun, MunevverConcentrations of the elements were evaluated for the first time in Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Dardanelles (Canakkale Strait-Turkey). The concentration of elements were measured in samples collected in 2007, 2008 and 2009, while the concentrations of Fe and Ni were evaluated in samples taken in 2009. The maximum concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Ni were found to be 1.59, 6.04, 12.01, 6.03, 319.6, 402.79, and 3.52 mg/kg, respectively. In terms of the nutritional aspect, taking into account the values recommended by world health authorities, the concentration of elements can generally be considered not to be at levels posing a health risk.Öğe Frequencies of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in farmers exposed to pesticides in Canakkale, Turkey(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2011) Coskun, Mahmut; Coskun, Munevver; Cayir, Akin; Özdemir, ÖztürkThis study aimed to determine the incidence of micronuclei (MNi). nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in peripheral blood lymphocytes due to direct exposure to pesticides among 46 farmers in Canakkale, Turkey. 48 non-exposed individuals living in the same socioeconomic conditions were chosen as control. In addition, a cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) was calculated. MNi and NBUDs frequencies were significantly higher among the farmers (p<0.05). Although the NPB frequency of the farmers was higher than the controls, there was no statistical difference. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that apart from gender, no significant effects of various confounding factors were observed. Regarding CBPI, data obtained for the controls were higher than that of the farmers; however, there was no statistically significant difference. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Genotoxicity of commercial fungicide Cabrio Plus on human cell(Springer, 2016) Cayir, Akin; Coskun, Mahmut; Coskun, MunevverCabrio Plus, a commercial fungicide, is used in agriculture as the control agent for a broad spectrum of diseases including black dot, early blight, late blight and powdery mildew. This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity of commercial formulation of Cabrio Plus which has been inadequately evaluated. The genotoxic potential of Cabrio Plus in isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes was measured by means of an alkaline version of the comet assay (pH > 13) and in whole blood by use of the in vitro micronucleus test. Cabrio Plus induced a statistically significant increase in DNA damage assessed with the in vitro micronucleus assay and the comet assay. Cabrio Plus also induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner with the in vitro micronucleus assay. It can be concluded that a commercially available pesticide formulation, Cabrio Plus, has the ability to cause DNA damage and cytotoxicity.Öğe Heavy metal and radionuclide levels in soil around Afsin-Elbistan coal-fired thermal power plants, Turkey(Springer, 2012) Cayir, Akin; Belivermis, Murat; Kilic, Onder; Coskun, Mahmut; Coskun, MunevverThis study aimed to determine the incidence of naturally occurring radionuclides Th-232, U-238 and K-40, artificial radionuclide Cs-137, and heavy metals in soil samples collected from the surroundings of Afsin-Elbistan coal-fired thermal power plant in Kahramanmaras Province, Turkey. Physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were also determined. Radiation levels were measured using a gamma multichannel analyzer equipped with an HPGe detector (Canberra 2020). Concentrations of the studied elements were determined using ICP-AES. The average specific activity of Cs-137, K-40, Th-232 and U-238 at standard deviations was found to be 51.4 +/- A 84.9, 409 +/- A 180, 39.8 +/- A 18.8 and 34.4 +/- A 22.0 Bq kg(-1). Radium equivalent activity (Raeq) was calculated to be 122.8 Bq kg(-1), lower than the limits recommended by the OECD. Mean concentrations of heavy metals were 6.29 +/- A 0.77, 70.5 +/- A 20.3, 59.5 +/- A 75.2, 89.8 +/- A 58.9, 26.7 +/- A 23.7, 89.2 +/- A 58.4, 18,806 +/- A 4,273 and 14,634 +/- A 1,166 mg.kg(-1) for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Al and Fe, respectively. The Cd content in all samples and maximum values of Cu, Cr and Ni were higher than the limits specified for soil in Turkey.Öğe Heavy metal deposition in moss samples from East and South Marmara Region, Turkey(Springer, 2011) Coskun, Mahmut; Cayir, Akin; Coskun, Munevver; Kilic, OnderA survey of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in the east and south Marmara region, Turkey was carried out in September 2004. For this purpose, moss samples (Hypnum cupressiforme) were collected in a systematic network of 125 sites. Concentrations of the elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, K, Li, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, Mg, Ti, and Zn) in the moss were used as an indication of the level of air pollution in the region. Significant differences in heavy metal concentrations, especially for Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn, were recorded in the moss samples collected around industrialized and heavily populated cities (Istanbul, Bursa, BandA +/- rma, Kocaeli, Biga-Can) and in an abandoned lead-mining area (BalA +/- kesir-Balya). A map of the spatial distribution of each element in the region was plotted, and enrichment factors were calculated. VARIMAX principal component analysis was applied to the data obtained, and five different components were obtained. The results showed that Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn derived from anthropogenic and industrial sources while other elements came mostly from natural sources.Öğe In vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of doxepin and escitalopram on human peripheral lymphocytes(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Cobanoglu, Hayal; Coskun, Mahmut; Cayir, Akin; Coskun, MunevverAntidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of many psychiatric conditions including depression. There are findings suggesting that these drugs might have genotoxic, carcinogenic, and/or mutagenic effects. Therefore, the present in vitro study is intended to investigate potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the antidepressants escitalopram (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and doxepin (Tricyclic antidepressant) on human peripheral lymphocytes cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and single cell gel electrophoresis (alkaline comet assay) were used for the purpose of the study. In the study, four different concentrations of both drugs (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mu g/mL) were administered to human peripheral lymphocytes for 24h. The tested concentrations of both drugs were found to exhibit no cytotoxic and mitotic inhibitory effects. SCE increase caused by 5 and 10 mu g/mL of escitalopram was found statistically significant, while no statistically significant increase was observed in DNA damage and micronucleus (MN) formation. Moreover, the increase caused by doxepin in MN formation was not found statistically significant. Besides, 10 mu g/mL of doxepin was demonstrated to significantly increase arbitrary unit and SCE formation. These findings suggest that the investigated concentrations of escitalopram and doxepin were non-cytotoxic but potentially genotoxic at higher concentrations.Öğe Micronuclei, Nucleoplasmic Bridges, and Nuclear Buds Induced in Human Lymphocytes by the Fungicide Signum and Its Active Ingredients (Boscalid and Pyraclostrobin)(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Cayir, Akin; Coskun, Munevver; Coskun, MahmutThe aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the Signum fungicide and its active ingredients (boscalid and pyraclostrobin) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), nuclear bud (NBUDs) formations, and the cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) were evaluated in treated lymphocytes in Go (cells were treated and then kept in culture without stimulation for 24 h) and proliferation phases (cells were treated after 44 h culture in medium containing phytohemagglutinin). MN formation in lymphocytes treated in G(0) statistically increased at doses of 2, 6, and 25 mu g/mL signum; 0.5 and 2 mu g/mL boscalid; and 0.5, 1.5, and 2 mu g/mL pyraclostrobin; while NPB formation increased at a dose of 0.25 mu g/mL pyraclostrobin. All concentrations of each fungicide did not statistically increase NBUD formation, while the cytotoxicity increased the dependent on concentration in lymphocytes treated in G0. Doses of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 mu g/mL signum; 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mu g/mL boscalid; and 0.75 mu g/mL pyraclostrobin statistically increased the MN formation in proliferating lymphocytes. NPB formation increased in proliferating lymphocytes at doses of 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 mu g/mL signum and at a dose of 0.75 mu g/mL pyraclostrobin. In addition, a dose of 0.75 mu g/mL pyraclostrobin increased NBUD frequencies. Cytotoxicity increased with increasing concentrations of each fungicide. It is concluded that signum, boscalid, and pyraclostrobin may be genotoxic and cytotoxic in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes in consideration of each of the two protocols. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe Micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear bud frequencies in patients with laryngeal carcinoma(Pacini Editore, 2020) Yazici, Ibrahim; Caglar, Ozge; Guclu, Oguz; Cobanoglu, Hayal; Coskun, Mahmut; Coskun, Munevver; Kilic, AytacThe aim of the study is to determine and compare micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) and nuclear bud (NBUD) frequencies in patients with laryngeal carcinoma and healthy controls. The study was conducted in the School of Medicine of Onsekiz Mart University. A total of 102 volunteers, 51 of whom had laryngeal carcinoma and 51 of whom were healthy control subjects, participated in this study. The Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay (CBMN) was applied to peripheral blood lymphocytes taken from patients and controls. We evaluated MN, NPBs and NBUDs frequencies in patients with laryngeal carcinoma and compared the results with those in the control group. The frequencies of MN, NPBs and NBUDs of patients with laryngeal carcinoma were found significantly higher than those in the control group (P = 0.01, P = 0.004, P = 0.01, respectively). MN, NPB and NBUD frequencies were also compared in the patients with and without pesticide exposure, and the means of all frequencies was higher in patients with pesticide exposure (P = 0.001, P = 0.02 respectively). The MN, NPBs and NBUDs frequencies of the patients with laryngeal cancer were significantly higher than those of the control group, and pesticide exposure might be a risk factor that increases genomic instability and risk of laryngeal cancer.Öğe Results of buccal micronucleus cytome assay in pesticide-exposed and non-exposed group(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Cobanoglu, Hayal; Coskun, Munevver; Coskun, Mahmut; Cayir, AkinSince many different pesticides have been used occupationally, there have been inconsistent results regarding DNA damages among greenhouse workers. Thus, the aim of the study is to evaluate DNA damages, cell death, and chromosomal instability by using the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMcyt) assay in greenhouse workers and to compare those with a non-exposed group. The BMcyt assay was applied to the exfoliated buccal cell samples collected from 66 pesticide-exposed and 50 non-exposed individuals. We evaluated the frequency of micronucleus (MN), nuclear bud (NBUD), binucleated (BN) cells, and karyolitic (KL), pyknotic (PY), and karyorrhectic (KH) cells. The results showed that the MN, BN, PY, and KH frequencies of the pesticide-exposed group were significantly higher than those of the controls (P?0.05, P?0.05, P?0.01, and P?0.05, respectively). We observed that the MN, BN, PY, and KH frequencies in the autumn were statistically different compared with those in the control group (P=0.037 for MN, P=0.001 for BN, P=0.016 for PY, and P=0.033 for KH). The same comparison was done in the spring for the control, and there was a statistically significant difference for MN (P=0.046) and PY (P=0.014). We can conclude that pesticide exposure in greenhouse workers was one of the factors that altered DNA damages, cell death, and chromosomal instability in oral mucosa cells.
