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Öğe Adolescent mental health, attachment characteristics, and unexplained chest pain: a case-control study(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Bolat, Nurullah; Eliacik, Kayi; Yavuz, Mesut; Kanik, Ali; Mertek, Hilal; Guven, Baris; Dogrusoz, BuketOBJECTIVES: Psychological factors may be the underlying causes in unexplained chest pain (UCP). Chest pain symptom may influence the emotional status and peer relationships of the children and adolescents negatively. However, the number of studies focussing on the aetiology and consequences of the adolescent UCP are still limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships among psychological problems, attachment characteristics, and the UCP in a group of adolescents. METHODS: Seventy-three adolescents with UCP and seventy-one healthy adolescents were included in the study. The adolescents completed the short form of Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (s-IPPA), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), while their parents completed the parental form of the SDQ. RESULTS: Contrary to expectations, there was no significant interaction between total parental attachment levels and UCP in the adolescents with UCP. There were significant correlations between the attachment problems and total difficulties score of SDQ. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that higher emotional and conduct problems and lower pro-social characteristics predict the UCP in adolescents, significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that emotional/behavioural problems and lower pro-social behaviour scores are associated with UCP. However, further studies are needed for better understanding about the relationships between the UCP and attachment quality.Öğe Adolescents with unexplained chest pain reported depression and impaired emotional and social functioning(Wiley, 2020) Eliacik, Kayi; Bolat, Nurullah; Kanik, Ali; Malas, Nasuh; Demircan, Tulay; Hortu, Hacer; Ozyurt, GoncaAim Chest pain is common in adolescence, but there are no established criteria for managing this problem, which is rarely associated with cardiac disease. This study addressed the gaps in the literature by evaluating psychosocial factors that could be associated with medically unexplained chest pain. Methods We consecutively selected 100 patients (68% girls) aged 13-18 who were diagnosed with unexplained chest pain when they presented to the cardiology outpatient clinics of Tepecik Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey, between 30 September 2015 and 30 June 2018. The controls were 76 age- and sex-matched adolescents (69% girls) aged 13-18 who were undergoing routine cardiology assessments before joining sports clubs. We assessed their health-related quality of life and any depression and physical symptoms. Results Regression analysis showed some adolescents were a number of times more likely to report chest pain. These included those who reported boredom (4.1 times), felt stressed or anxious (2.2) and those who experienced sleep disturbance (2.6), co-morbid headaches (2.0), back pain (3.1) and impaired social functioning (1.2). Conclusion The results indicated a significant association between unexplained chest pain and physical symptoms, depression and impaired emotional and social functioning. These factors warrant further evaluation.Öğe Bodily sensations and quality of life in adolescents with non-cardiac chest pain: a comparative study for the undetermined part of a frequent health problem(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2024) Demirçelik, Yavuz; Üzüm, Özlem; Eliaçik, Kayı; Kanik, Ali; Bolat, Nurullah; Elmali, Ferhan; Demircan, TülayBACKGROUND: Chest pain in adolescents represents a considerable burden for health services and is rarely associated with cardiac disease. Since chest pain could be related to psychosocial factors there is a need for exploring the relationships among stressful situations, drug consumption, suicidal behaviors, accompanying bodily symptoms and health-related quality of life in adolescents with non-cardiac chest pain. MetHOds: in this study, we assessed these determinants in 108 adolescents with non-cardiac chest pain (NccP) and a control group of 77 patients using a structured interview applied to the patients presented to the cardiology outpatient clinics of Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye, between 30 October 2018 and 30 June 2019. After the interview, the adolescents were given a self-administered pediatric quality of life inventory and the body sensations questionnaire for assessing aspects of fear. resULts: adolescents with NccP expressed more panic associated bodily symptoms and reported worse subjective physical, academic, and emotional functioning in addition to more suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: NCCP could be accepted as a warning sign of an underlying psychosocial problem and requires a more interdisciplinary collaborative care by pediatricians, psychologists, and psychiatrists. © 2021 ediZiONi MiNerVa Medica.Öğe Development of Adolescent Social Media Addiction Scale: study of validity and reliability(Cumhuriyet Univ Tip Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, 2020) Orbatu, Dilek; Eliacik, Kayi; Alaygut, Demet; Hortu, Hacer; Demircelik, Yavuz; Bolat, Nurullah; Elmali, FerhanObjective: The aim of this study is to build an up to date and easy to use Turkish Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents. Methods: The sample of the study included 2020 high school students. The scale was five-point Likert-type and consisted of 13 items. The internal consistency of the items was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient, summability Tukey summability test, adequacy of the number of units in the sample Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, factorability Bartlett test, factor structure main components analysis. Results: Cronbach alfa internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.869. The scale consists of three sub-factors: choosing virtual life, impairment in functionality, and virtual pleasure. Total stated variance regarding the scale was 58.89%. Discussion: As a result of this study, a high reliability and validity social media dependency scale was developed. However, it should be kept in mind that all scales developed cannot be valid and reliable in the long term since social media use behaviors in individuals may change over time.Öğe Empathy and theory of mind abilities of children with specific learning disorder (SLD)(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Eyuboglu, Damla; Bolat, Nurullah; Eyuboglu, MuratOBJECTIVES: Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a very common disorder in childhood, and it is discussed under neurodevelopmental disorders in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). SLD affects children's academic achievement, as well as bringing challenges in their social relationships. The purpose of our study is to compare the empathy and theory of mind (ToM) abilities of children with SLD with those of healthy peers. METHODS: A total of 83 children were included in our study, comprising 40 cases diagnosed with SLD and without comorbidity and 43 healthy controls. The case group's mean age was 9.3 +/- 1.5 years and the control group's mean age was 9.3 +/- 1.3 years. All children were evaluated using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Schoolage Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), ToM tasks, and emotion recognition scales. RESULTS: Children diagnosed with SLD demonstrated statistically significantly worse performance on the Comprehension Test (CT), Unexpected Outcomes Test (UOT), and False-belief Tasks, which evaluated the ToM and empathy abilities. No difference was obtained in intelligence level between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that children with SLD had challenges in the ToM and empathy abilities compared to children with healthy development. In conclusion, developing special education programmes by considering such possible shortcomings in the field of social cognition will positively contribute to the elimination of challenges faced by children in their academic and social lives.Öğe Investigating the relationships between alexithymia characteristics, meta-cognitive features and mental problems in high school students in istanbul(Cumhuriyet Univ Tip Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, 2018) Uzal, Gizem; Yavuz, Mesut; Akdeniz, Burak; Calli, Selda; Bolat, NurullahObjective: To evaluate the relationships between alexithymic personality traits and meta-cognitive problems, and psychological and behavioral problems associated with alexithymia in adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 570 high school students (58% female, n=331; 42% male, n=239) in five high schools in Istanbul. Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Meta-Cognition Questionnaire for Children and Adolescent (MCQ-C) and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used. The parents were asked to complete Sociodemographic Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 24 program and statistical significance level was set at p<0.05 and p<0.001. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of age between the alexithymia group (58% female, n=63; 42% male, n=46) and the comparison group (58% female, n=268; 42% male, n=193). Also, there was no significant relationship between gender and alexithymia. Negative meta-worry, superstition beliefs, punishment and responsibility beliefs and total meta-cognitive problem scores of the alexithymia group were significantly higher than comparison group. SDQ total problem scores, attention deficit and hyperactivity scores, peer problems, conduct and emotional problem scores were significantly higher; pro-social behavior scores were significantly lower in the alexithymia group compared to the comparison group. Total TAS-20 scores were positively correlated with total MCQ-C scores and total SDQ scores, significantly. Additionally, total scores of the MCQ-C and SDQ significantly predict the alexithymia. Conclusion: Meta-cognition abilities have functions in checking and regulating the emotions as well as regulating the cognitive processes. It should be kept in mind that the core feature of the individuals with alexithymia is the lack of identifying and expressing emotions, therefore it may be suggested that meta-cognitive problems increase the risk of alexithymia. In addition, the results indicated that alexithymia is frequently associated with attention deficit and hyperactivity, emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. These results indicate that focusing on meta-cognitive errors may increase the effectiveness of treatment of the adolescents with alexithymia. Additionally, mental and behavioral problems accompanying the alexithymia should not be overlooked.Öğe İstanbul ilinde öğrenim gören lise öğrencilerinde aleksitimi karakter özellikleri ile üst biliş özellikleri ve ruhsal sorunlar arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi(2018) Uzal, Gizem; Yavuz, Mesut; Akdeniz, Burak; Çallı, Selda; Bolat, NurullahAmaç: Ergen yaş grubunda aleksitimi karakter özelliğine sahip olma durumları ile üst biliş sorunları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek ve de aleksitimiye eşlik eden ruhsal ve davranışsal sorunları belirlemektir. Yöntem: Kesitsel nitelikteki bu araştırma İstanbul’da beş liseden 570 ergenle (%58 kız, s=331; %42 erkek, s=239) yapılmıştır. Katılımcılara Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği 20 Soruluk Formu (TAÖ-20), Üst Biliş Ölçeği Çocuk ve Ergen Formu (ÜBÖ-ÇE) ile Güçler ve Güçlükler Anketi (GGA) uygulanmıştır. Ailelerden sosyodemografik bilgi formunu doldurmaları istenmiştir. İstatis-tiksel analizler SPSS 24 programı ile yapılmış ve anlamlılık değeri p<0.05 ve p<0.001 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bulgu-lar: Aleksitimi grubu (%58 kız, s=63; %42 erkek, s=46) ile karşılaştırma grubu (%58 kız, s=268; %42 erkek, s=193) arasında yaş açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Cinsiyet ve aleksitimi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı görülmüştür. Aleksitimi grubunun ÜBÖ-ÇE olumsuz üst endişeler, batıl inanç, ceza ve sorumluluk inançları ve üst biliş toplam sorun puanları, karşılaştırma grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Aleksitimi grubunun GGA toplam sorun puanları, dikkat eksikliği ve aşırı hareketlilik puanları, akran, davranış ve duygusal sorun puanları yaşıtlarına göre anlamlı derecede yüksek; olumlu özelliği ölçen sosyal davranış puanları ise anlamlı derecede düşük bulunmuştur. TAÖ-20 ile ÜBÖ-ÇE ve GGA toplam puanları arasında anlamlı korelasyon saptanmıştır. Ek olarak, ÜBÖ-ÇE ve GGA toplam sorun puanlarının aleksitimiyi anlamlı olarak yordadığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Üst bilişin, bilişsel süreçleri düzenlemenin yanı sıra, duyguları değerlendirme ve düzenleme işlevi de vardır. Aleksitimi karakter özelliğine sahip bireylerin ana sorunu duyguları tanıma ve ifade etme zorluğu olduğundan, üst biliş sorunlarının aleksitimi riskini artırdığı düşünülebilir. Ek olarak aleksitimi ergenlerde, dikkat eksikliği ve hareketlilik, duygusal ve davranışsal sorunlar ile sık birliktelik göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar aleksitimi karakter özelliğine sahip ergenlerin üst bilişsel hatalarının ele alınmasının tedavi etkinliğini artırabileceğini, ek olarak eşlik eden ruhsal ve davranışsal sorunların gözden kaçırılmaması gerektiğini göstermektedir. (Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2018; 19(5):478-484)Öğe The relationships between attachment quality, metacognition, and somatization in adolescents: The mediator role of metacognition(Wiley, 2019) Yavuz, Mesut; Aluc, Nursah; Tasa, Hande; Hamamcioglu, Irem; Bolat, NurullahProblem To investigate the associations between attachment quality, metacognition problems, and somatization. Methods One thousand and seven adolescents between the ages of 14-17 were included in the study. They completed the DSM-V Level 2 Somatic Symptoms Scale, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (short version), the Metacognitions Questionnaire for Children (MCQ-C), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The Spearmen's rank-order correlation test and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the associations between the scales. Findings Correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling indicated that attachment quality is significantly associated with somatic symptom severity, and MCQ-C scores play a partial mediator role in the relationship between attachment quality and somatization. Conclusion Improving metacognitive skills in adolescents with low attachment quality may increase therapeutic success when addressing somatization.Öğe The relationships between nomophobia, alexithymia and metacognitive problems in an adolescent population(Turkish J Pediatrics, 2019) Yavuz, Mesut; Altan, Beyza; Bayrak, Busra; Gunduz, Merve; Bolat, NurullahNomophobia refers to an intense anxiety and stress caused by being out of contact with mobile phones (MPs). It is known that excessive engagement with MPs decreases adolescents' psychological well-being, social and academic functioning. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of nomophobia with alexithymia which is characterized by difficulties in describing and expressing emotions and using empathy, and with the metacognition characteristics which have the function of controlling the cognitions in an adolescent population. The study was conducted on 1817 participants (n = 972, 54% female, n = 835, 46% male). The Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), The Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and The Metacognition Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (MCQ-C) were administered to participants. A question form for socio-demographic data was also administered to participants and their families. Cathegorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test, and numerical variables were analyzed by independent sample t test. The relationships between the scales' scores were analyzed by the Pearson-product moments correlation test. The predictive effects of alexithymia, metacognition problems and gender were assessed by multiple linear regression analysis. Nomophobia, alexithymia and metacognition problem levels were significantly higher in females than males. There was a significant correlation between NMP-Q and TAS-20 scores and MCQ-C scores. TAS-20, MCQ-C scores and gender significantly predicted the nomophobia when NMP-Q score was a dependent variable. Therapeutic interventions for improving social skills like emphatic thinking and/or increasing emotional expression may be beneficial in the treatment of adolescents with alexithymic traits which experience nomophobia. Moreover, interventions that enhance metacognitive skills which can control negative thoughts triggered by the possibility of losing contact with MPs may increase treatment success.Öğe The relationships between problematic internet use, alexithymia levels and attachment characteristics in a sample of adolescents in a high school, Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Bolat, Nurullah; Yavuz, Mesut; Eliacik, Kayi; Zorlu, AdilThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between attachment characteristics, alexithymia and problematic internet use (PIU) in adolescents. The study was performed on 444 high school students (66% female and 34% male). Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Short Form of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (s-IPPA) scales were used. The adolescents who scored 50 on IAT were considered as the PIU group and <50 were considered as control group. There was a moderate positive relationship between TAS-20 and IAT scores (r=.441), and a moderate negative relationship between TAS-20 and s-IPPA scores (r=-.392), and a negative weak relationship between IAT and s-IPPA scores (r=-.208). S-IPPA scores were significantly lower in the PIU group compared to the controls (p<.001). TAS-20 scores of the PIU group were significantly higher compared to the controls (p<.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that s-IPPA scores and TAS-20 significantly predict the PIU development (p<.05). The results indicate that alexithymia increases the risk of PIU and higher attachment quality is a protective factor for both alexithymia and PIU. These results suggest that it is important to focus on the insecure attachment patterns and alexithymic characteristics when studying adolescents with PIU.
