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    Biological Activity and Optical Sensor Properties of Green Synthesis Polymer
    (Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2022) Bahceci, Dilek Senol; Demir, Neslihan; Kocaeren, Aysel Aydin
    In this study, 4-amino-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (Monomer) was converted to its enzyme-catalyzed oxidative polymerization (Poly-enz) in dioxane solvent by horseradish peroxidase enzyme (HRP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. For the analysis of the monomer and its synthesized Poly-enz, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, FT-IR, TGA, and SEM measurements were determined. In addition, the optical ion sensor properties of Poly-enz against metals such as Ag+, Cd2+, Co2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ were examined with UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It was observed that Cu metal showed sensory properties. DNA cleavage and DNA binding activities of monomer and Poly-enz were done using by agarose gel electrophoresis and UV-Vis methods, respectively. It was seen that the Poly-enz interacted with DNA electrostatically. This enzymatic polymer was found to cleave pBR322 plasmid DNA both hydrolytically and oxidatively as well. The antioxidant activities of the compounds were examined by three different methods (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) and it was found that the Poly-enz showed high antioxidant activity compared to its monomer. Antimicrobial activities were studied against various bacterial and yeast cultures by the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method. It was observed that the antimicrobial activities of the enzymatic polymer in different microorganisms increased depending on the concentration.
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    Changes in Optical, Electrochemical and Electrical Conductivities in the Conductive Polymer Mixture by Adding Different Surfactants
    (Maik Nauka/Interperiodica/Springer, 2024) Bahceci, Dilek Senol
    In this study, polythiophene (PTh) was synthesized by polymerization of thiophene (Th) using the chemical oxidative polymerization method. 4-Amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (Sa) was polymerized through enzymatic polymerization method. After that, conductive polymer mixture was prepared by mixing PTh and PSa. To increase the conductivity of PTh, ionic and nonionic surfactants were used such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Triton X-100 (Tri-X). The prepared polymer mixtures doped with surfactants were analized by SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy. HOMO-LUMO band gaps, electrochemical properties and electrical conductivity were also analyzed. As a result, it was observed that the conductivity, electrochemical and optical properties of [PTh/PSa](CTAB) were better than those of [PTh/PSa](SDS) and [PTh/PSa](Tri-X).
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    Electrochemical polymer synthesis using thiophene and pyrrole/carbazole: Their electrochemical behaviours and capacitor performance
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2024) Kocaeren, Aysel Aydin; Bahceci, Dilek Senol; Kizilkaya, Bayram; Dogan, Fatih
    In this study, carbazole-derived monomers were synthesized on ITO-coated PET via electrochemical reactions and conductivity measurements of the resulting polymeric films were performed by UV, FT-IR, NMR, TG-DTG, SEM and AFM analyses. Their spectroelectrochemical properties were investigated. The carbazole (C) based thiophene (Th) polymer abbreviated as pThC and its copolymer with pyrrole (Py), named as pThC-Py were obtained by electrochemical polymerization method. The surface stability of the resulting polymer films was good depending on time. The contact angle (CA) between the water and theco- polymer surface was determined by dropping 6.09 mu L of pure water and CA average was calculated as 68.19 degrees < 90 degrees. According to the thermal analysis data of the polymers, the thermal stability of the pThC-Py was better than pThC as it had higher thermal decomposition temperature. Comparisons of electrical conductivity measurements of the polymer films were made depending on the temperature (25, 50 and 90 degrees C). Due to increasing temperature, the electrical conductivity of pThC-Py film was read as 29.3 S/cm at 90 degrees C, and also the electrical conductivity values of the pThC-Py were determined as 1.92 x 10(-2) S/cm at 25 degrees C and 14.2 S/cm at 50 degrees C. Because of the high electrical conductivity of the pThC-Py, its capacitor performance was tried to be determined from cyclic voltammetric measurements. According to the voltammetric results, the power density (P) and the energy density (E) values of the synthesized substance were calculated as 290.532 W/g and 9.684 Wh/g, respectively. This indicates that the amount of energy the material storable is relatively high. Moreover, it is possible to say that it can be included in the classical capacitor class and in the supercapacitor category by improving its features. Moreover, since the electrical conductivity of pThC-Py is quite good, it is thought that it may be suitable for use in electronic devices.
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    Investigation of Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Water-Soluble Polymer with Horseradish Peroxidase Enzyme
    (Maik Nauka/Interperiodica/Springer, 2022) Bahceci, Dilek Senol; Demir, Neslihan
    7-Amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid (AHNSA) was converted into p(AHNSA-HRP) by enzyme-catalyzed oxidative polymerization in the presence of horseradish peroxidase enzyme using hydrogen peroxide in dioxane solvent. The structural analysis of AHNSA and its enzyme-catalyzed oxidative polymer, were taken by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, FTIR measurements. The optical features by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the decomposition temperatures by TGA and the morphological properties by SEM were determined. For biological activities of AHNSA and synthesized enzymatic polymer, DNA cleavage and DNA binding activities were done by agarose gel electrophoresis and by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. It was observed that the polymer interacted with DNA electrostatically in its DNA binding activity. As a result of the agarose gel electrophoresis studies, it was seen that the polymer cleaved the DNA both hydrolytically and oxidatively. Antioxidant properties, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power detection were studied by three different methods. Antimicrobial activities were investigated against various bacterial and yeast cultures using the minimum inhibition concentration method. It was observed that both antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the new enzyme-catalyzed oxidative polymer were higher than that of AHNSA.
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    Optical Sensor Applications of Carbazole Derivative Polymers Containing Different Aliphatic Groups Against Fe3+ Metal Ion
    (Maik Nauka/Interperiodica/Springer, 2022) Kocaeren, Aysel Aydin; Bahceci, Dilek Senol; Dogan, Fatih
    The carbazole derivatives containing aromatic rings with long alkyl groups such as C-6, C-8, C-10 and 3,4-bis(4-iodophenoxy) thiophene are synthesized. The products of carbazole derivatives and 3,4-bis(4-iodophenoxy) thiophene interaction were polymerized using FeCl3 oxidant. The structural characteristics of the synthesized compounds were obtained by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. UV measurements are performed to determine the optical changes of the copolymers in the presence of metal ions such as Ag+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, Li+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+. The selectivity of Fe3+ is investigated by recording of the absorbance changes of Fe3+ solutions prepared at different concentrations. The effect of pH is also investigated in optical sensor studies. According to UV measurements, the materials containing thiophene and carbazole units can be considered as candidates for sensor production due to their selectivity towards Fe3+ ions.
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    Synthesis, characterization of polymeric ligand-metal complexes and their biological activity properties
    (Elsevier, 2023) Kocaeren, Aysel Aydin; Bahceci, Dilek Senol; Demir, Neslihan; Dalgic, Busra; Karatag, Elifnur
    New members are joining to the Schiff bases family every day. In our study, firstly a new Schiff base was abbreviated as ligand (L) that was synthesized via condensation reaction between 3-aminonaphtalen-2-ol and 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldaheyde. Then, poly-ligand (PL) was obtained in basic medium in the presence of ammonium persulfate (NH4)2S2O8 via poly-condensation reaction by using L. Metal complexes were synthesized from the interaction of PL with various metal species such as Zn2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+and Cu2+. The structures of compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1HNMR and elemental analysis. Their SEM images were recorded at different sizes. Looking at the SEM images, it can be seen that the [Hg(PL)2] metal complex is similar to the red blood cells. Thermal analyses of PL and its metal complexes [M(PL)2] were performed. The biological properties such as DNA binding-cleavage, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of all synthesized compounds were investigated. According to the results, it was determined that such properties of its metal complexes were better than PL. For example, when the oxidative cleavage activity was examined, it was determined that [Cu(PL)2] complex completely cleaved the DNA and also it denatured all DNA at higher concentrations (& GE;100 ppm). DNA binding for the poly-ligand and its metal complexes bounded to CT-DNA in electrostatic mode. The antioxidant activity results showed that [Hg(PL)2] complex had a high inhibition value of 78.70 & PLUSMN;0.55% at 100 ppm. The [Hg (PL)2] complex was much more effective against all bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity of [Cu(PL)2] and [Zn(PL)2] complexes showed the highest activity against B. subtilis strain at the concentration of 62.5 & mu;g/mL. DNA binding was determined from the UV-Vis spectra of the interaction of the PL and its metal complexes with CT-DNA. According to these UV-Vis results, it can be said that the poly-ligand and its metal complexes bounds to CT-DNA in electrostatic mode.