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Öğe Authors reply to Letter to the Editor-In response to: Ersan I, Kilic S, Arikan S, et al. Evaluation of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and choroid in psoriasis patients using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Ersan, Ismail; Kilic, Sevilay; Arikan, Sedat; Kara, Selcuk; Isik, Selda; Gencer, Baran; Ogretmen, Zerrin[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Bacterial Contamination of Needles Used for Intravitreal Injections: Comparison between 27-gauge and 30-gauge Needles(Informa Healthcare, 2013) Tufan, Hasan Ali; Vural, Ahmet; Gencer, Baran; Kara, Selcuk; Arikan, Sedat; Yuksel, ErdemPurpose: To compare the contamination rate between 27-gauge and 30-guage needles used for intravitreal injection (IVT). Methods: Patients undergoing IVT injections were enrolled prospectively. Injections were performed with 27- or 30-gauge needles. All needle tips were collected and placed in brain-heart infusion broth. The contamination rates of needles were compared. Results: A total of 109 patients participated in the study and a total of 126 IVT injections were performed. Injections were performed by 27-gauge (49%) and 30-gauge (51%) needle. No patient developed endophthalmitis. The overall contamination rate of the used needles were 13% for 27-guage and 29% for 30-guage (p = 0.022). However, this difference was nonsignificant after Bonferroni's correction was applied. The most common bacteria isolated from the used needles are coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS). Conclusion: The results suggest that the needle bore size seems not to be a risk factor for contamination during IVT injection.Öğe Blood gas analyzer utility in evaluating oxygen kinetics of the aqueous humor(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2015) Ersan, Ismail; Arikan, Sedat; Toman, Huseyin; Kara, Selcuk; Gencer, Baran; Erbas, Mesut; Tufan, Hasan AliPurpose: To measure the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) and the pH of aqueous humor (AH) and arterial blood samples from rabbits using a blood gas analyzer. Methods: Twenty New Zealand rabbits were anesthetized intramuscularly with ketamine and xylazine and were then allowed to breathe room air. Using a gas blood analyzer, arterial blood and AH samples were analyzed for PO2, PCO2, and pH. Results: The mean arterial blood pressure was 87.14 +/- 15.0 mmHg. The mean blood and AH PO2 were 95.18 +/- 11.76 mmHg and 88.83 +/- 9.92 mmHg, the mean blood and AH PCO2 were 25.86 +/- 5.46 mmHg and 29.50 +/- 5.36 mmHg, and the mean blood and AH pH were 7.38 +/- 0.06 and 7.33 +/- 0.09, respectively. Conclusions: The blood gas analyzer was easily employed to evaluate the aqueous humor in rabbits. When comparing the results of studies evaluating aqueous PO2, care should be taken to determine the methods used in these studies.Öğe Changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness after spinal surgery in the prone position: a prospective study(Elsevier Science Inc, 2015) Gencer, Baran; Cosar, Murat; Tufan, Hasan Ali; Kara, Selcuk; Arikan, Sedat; Akman, Tarik; Kiraz, Hasan AliBackground and objectives: Changes in ocular perfusion play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic optic neuropathy. Ocular perfusion pressure is equal to mean arterial pressure minus intraocular pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the intraocular pressure and the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients undergoing spinal surgery in the prone position. Methods: This prospective study included 30 patients undergoing spinal surgery. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were measured one day before and after the surgery by using optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure was measured by tonopen six times at different position and time-duration: supine position (baseline); 10 min after intubation (Supine 1); 10 (Prone 1), 60 (Prone 2), 120 (Prone 3) min after prone position; and just after postoperative supine position (Supine 2). Results: Our study involved 10 male and 20 female patients with the median age of 57 years. When postoperative retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements were compared with preoperative values, a statistically significant thinning was observed in inferior and nasal quadrants (p=0.009 and p=0.003, respectively). We observed a statistically significant intraocular pressure decrease in Supine 1 and an increase in both Prone 2 and Prone 3 when compared to the baseline. Mean arterial pressure and ocular perfusion pressure were found to be significantly lower in Prone 1, Prone 2 and Prone 3, when compared with the baseline. Conclusions: Our study has shown increase in intraocular pressure during spinal surgery in prone position. A statistically significant retinal nerve fiber layer thickness thinning was seen in inferior and nasal quadrants one day after the spinal surgery. (C) 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparison of Transcanalicular Diode Laser Dacryocystorhinostomy and External Dacryocystorhinostomy in Patients with Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Comez, Arzu Taskiran; Karadag, Onur; Arikan, Sedat; Gencer, Baran; Kara, SelcukBackground and Objective: To compare the success, complication, and patient discomfort rates of transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy (TCDL-DCR) and external dacryocystorhinostomy (EX-DCR) surgeries performed in patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Materials and Methods: Eighty consecutive patients were included in the study, and groups were assigned according to DCR technique. Thirty-four (42.5%) patients received TCDL-DCR (Group A) and 46 (57.5%) patients (Group B) received EX-DCR with temporary silicone stent intubation. The success of surgery was determined by the relief of epiphora, patient satisfaction, endoscopic evaluation of ostium patency, and lacrimal system syringing. Pearson Chi-Square test, Fisher's Exact test, and Student's t-test were used for statistical analyses. Results: Group A included 22 females and 12 males with a mean age of 49.1 +/- 15.1 years, Group B included 35 females and 11 males with a mean age of 50.8 +/- 11.7 years. There was no difference between groups in terms of age and gender (P=0.905 and P=0.167, respectively). The duration of the operation was 22.2 +/- 4.8 minutes for Group A, while it was 56.3 +/- 15.7 minutes for group B (P=0.0001). In two patients in Group A, injury in the medial turbinate was recorded, and in Group B, 14 patients experienced mild to severe perioperative bleeding. The perioperative complication rate was significantly different between the groups (P=0.004). Success in relieving symptoms was 79.4% for Group A and 89.1% for Group B. The difference in the success rates was not statistically significant (P=0.229). Conclusions: Although EX-DCR success rate was higher than that achieved with TCDL-DCR, the latter, with its shorter duration of surgery, lower perioperative complication rate, and a similar success rate, may be a good and acceptable surgical alternative in treatment of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:275-280, 2014. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe Corneal thickness of eyes with unilateral age-related macular degeneration(Sage Publications Ltd, 2015) Arikan, Sedat; Ersan, Ismail; Kara, Selcuk; Gencer, Baran; Korkmaz, Safak; Vural, Azer SaraPurpose: To compare the central corneal thicknesses (CCT), peripheral corneal thicknesses, and corneal volumes (CV) of the 2 eyes of patients with unilateral age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Twenty patients who were diagnosed with unilateral AMD were included in this prospective study for the purpose of making comparison between the diseased and healthy eyes. Optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography imaging were applied to all patients in order to confirm and reveal the presence of unilateral AMD. Then, the measurements of CCT, peripheral corneal thickness measured 4 mm distant from the center of the cornea (4 mm CT), and CV of each eye of these patients were obtained through the rotating Scheimpflug corneal topographer. Results: Wilcoxon signed-rank test did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the 2 eyes of patients with unilateral AMD when we compared the CCT and CV of diseased and healthy eyes (p>0.05). However, 4 mm CT of the diseased eyes of these patients were statistically significantly thicker than the healthy eyes (p<0.05). Conclusions: The significant difference in terms of 4 mm CT between the diseased and healthy eyes of patients with unilateral AMD may demonstrate the possible effect of peripheral corneal thickness on the development of AMD.Öğe Does Retinal Neurodegeneration Seen in Diabetic Patients Begin in the Insulin Resistance Stage?(Turkish Ophthalmological Soc, 2016) Arikan, Sedat; Ersan, Ismail; Eroglu, Mustafa; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Tufan, Hasan Ali; Gencer, Baran; Kara, SelcukObjectives: To investigate whether retinal neurodegeneration and impairment in contrast sensitivity (CS), which have been demonstrated to begin in diabetic patients before the presence of signs of diabetic retinal vasculopathy, also occur in the stage of insulin resistance. Materials and Methods: The average, minimum and sectoral (inferior, superior, inferonasal, superonasal, inferotemporal and superotemporal) thicknesses of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) measured using optical coherence tomography were compared between an insulin-resistant group and control group in order to evaluate the presence of retinal neurodegeneration. The CS of the two groups was also compared according to the logarithmic values measured at spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 18 cycles per degree in photopic light using functional acuity contrast test (FACT). Results: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with insulin resistance (insulin resistant group) and 25 eyes of 25 healthy subjects (control group) were included in this study. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in any of the spatial frequencies in the FACT. The mean average GCIPL thickness and mean GCIPL thickness in the inferotemporal sector were significantly less in the insulin-resistant group when compared with the control group (mean average GCIPL thicknesses in the insulin-resistant and control groups were 83.6 +/- 4.7 mu m and 86.7 +/- 3.7 mu m respectively, p = 0.01; mean inferotemporal GCIPL thicknesses in the insulinresistant and control groups were 83 +/- 6.0 mu m and 86.7 +/- 4.6 mu m respectively, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Although it may not lead to functional visual impairment such as CS loss, the retinal neurodegeneration seen in diabetic patients may begin in the insulin resistance stage.Öğe Effect of Reduced Meal Frequency during Ramadan Fasting on Retinal and Choroidal Thickness(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Ersan, Ismail; Tufan, Hasan Ali; Arikan, Sedat; Kara, Selcuk; Gencer, Baran; Hondur, Ahmet MuratPurpose: To evaluate the effects of Ramadan fasting on central foveal thickness (CFT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in healthy individuals using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Materials and Methods: The EDI-OCT scans of 42 healthy individuals obtained after about 12 hours of fasting on at least the twenty-first consecutive day of fasting were compared to scans of the same patients taken one month after the last day they had fasted. Results: CFT values were similar for both time periods (p > 0.05). The SFCT was significantly higher after consecutive fasting days towards the end of Ramadan, compared to the SFCT after one month of no fasting (one month after Ramadan ended) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Ramadan fasting may lead to a significant increase in subfoveal choroidal thickness without affecting the central foveal thickness.Öğe Effect of Systemically Used Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor- Medication on the Corneal Epithelium and Stroma of Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Arikan, Sedat; Gokmen, Ferhat; Ersan, Ismail; Akbal, Ayla; Resorlu, Hatice; Gencer, Baran; Ali Tufan, HasanPurpose: To evaluate the effect of systemically used anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) medication on the thickness of corneal epithelium and stroma in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: A total of 125 eyes of 69 participants were included in this retrospective study of three groups: healthy participants (Group 1), AS patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha medication (Group 2), and AS patients receiving a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (Group 3). Results: According to anterior segment optical coherence tomography, the mean thickness of the corneal epithelium was significantly thicker in Group 2 than in Group 3 (51.6 +/- 3.2 mu m versus 50.4 +/- 3 mu m, p = 0.01), as was that of the stroma (475 +/- 33 mu m versus 443 +/- 29 mu m, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Anti-TNF-alpha medication and/or avoidance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could improve the thickness of both the corneal epithelium and stroma in AS patients.Öğe Effect of Topically Applied Azithromycin on Corneal Epithelial and Endothelial Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Corneal Alkali Burn(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016) Arikan, Sedat; Karaca, Turan; Ertekin, Yusuf Haydar; Comez, Arzu Taskiran; Ersan, Ismail; Demirtas, Selim; Elmas, SaitPurpose: To investigate the antiapoptotic effect of topically administered azithromycin (AZM) on corneal epithelial and endothelial cells in a rat model of corneal alkali burn. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups as pseudovehicle (group 1), control (group 2), alkali burned (group 3), and treatment (group 4) groups. Alkali injury was induced only in the right corneas of rats belonging to groups 3 and 4 using 1N NaOH. The rats in group 3 and the rats in group 4 were respectively treated either with an artificial tear gel or with 1.5% AZM eye drops for 5 days. At the fifth day of the experiment, the apoptosis in the corneal epithelium and endothelium of all rats was assessed using a terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In addition, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) density in the corneal epithelium was measured in all rats. Results: The mean numbers of TUNEL+ cells in the corneal epithelium and endothelium of rats in group 3 were 117.1 +/- 23.8 and 34.6.+/- 11.3, respectively, whereas in group 4, they were 75.8 +/- 15.7 and 14.7 +/- 3.5, respectively. Also the mean TNF-alpha densities in the corneal epithelium in group 3 and group 4 were 2.65 +/- 1.3 and 1.65 +/- 1.1, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the mean number of TUNEL+ cells in the corneal epithelium and endothelium and in the mean TNF-alpha density in the corneal epithelium of rats in group 4, when compared with group 3. Conclusions: Topically applied AZM can decrease TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in corneal alkali burn.Öğe Efficiency of Choroidal Thickness Monitoring to Prevent Topiramate Induced Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma(Modestum Ltd, 2015) Kara, Selcuk; Ozcimen, Muammer; Aydin, Hacer Doganay; Sakarya, Yasar; Gencer, Baran; Tufan, H. Ali; Arikan, SedatThe aim of this study is to investigate early findings of the choroidal effusion induced by topiramate use which is thought to be responsible for bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma. Enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) recordings of 34 patients who has been used topiramate for the prophylaxis of migraines, before and after 2 weeks of drug use were retrospectively investigated. Alterations in subfoveal choroidal layer thicknesses and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured manually by two masked observers. The mean measurements of subfoveal choroidal layer thickness were 315.67 +/- 80.98 mu m before use of the drug and 314.89 +/- 76.40 mu m in 2nd week of drug use. However, this slight decrease was not statistically significant. The mean peripapillary RNFL thickness was 104.47 +/- 10.48 mu m before use of the drug, and significant thinning was found only in the temporal quadrant during follow-up after use of the drug (p=0.008). No subclinical subfoveal choroidal effusions were encountered using EDI SD-OCT in patients after 2 weeks of topiramate use. Further studies are needed to find out the cause of bilateral ciliochoroidal effusion related with topiramate use.Öğe Evaluation of choroidal thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2014) Kara, Selcuk; Ozcimen, Muammer; Bekci, Taha Tahir; Sakarya, Yasar; Gencer, Baran; Tufan, Hasan Ali; Arikan, SedatPurpose: To compare the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of patients with different severities of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and normal controls via enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods: In this retrospective, case-control study, 49 eyes from 49 patients that had undergone polysomnography were included. SFCT of the horizontal and vertical line scans were manually measured for all eyes based on EDI-OCT images. Two separate analyses were performed according to different apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) groupings. Initial testing was conducted using non-OSAHS, mild OSAHS (5 <= AHI<15), moderate OSAHS (15 <= AHI<30), and severe OSAHS (AHI >= 30) patient groupings, while secondary testing used non-OSAHS, mild OSAHS (5 <= AHI<15), and moderate/severe OSAHS (AHI >= 15) patient groupings. Results: The mean SFCT was 314.5 mu m in the non-OSAHS patients (n=14), 324.5 mu m in the mild OSAHS patients (n=15), 269.3 mu m in the moderate OSAHS patients (n=11), and 264.3 mu m in the severe OSAHS patients (n=9). SFCT between the four groups revealed no significant differences despite a trend towards slight thinning in the severe group (P=0.08). When the moderate and severe groups were merged and compared with the mild OASHS and non-OSAHS groups, SFCT of the moderate/severe group was found to be significantly thinner than that of the mild group (P=0.016). A negative significant correlation was found between SFCT and AHI in OSAHS patients (r=0.368, P=0.033). Conclusions: In patients with moderate/severe OSAHS, EDI-OCT revealed a thinned SFCT. Other accompanying systemic or ocular diseases may induce perfusion and oxygenation deficiency in eyes of OSAHS patients. Further studies are required in order to determine the exact relationships between ocular pathologies and clinical grades of OSAHS.Öğe Evaluation of iris epithelial and stromal thickness in patients with migraine by using optical coherence tomography(Asean Neurological Assoc, 2022) Cam, Mustafa; Arikan, SedatObjective: The amount of light reaching to the retina is an important factor for photophobia formation. Therefore, investigation of iris thickness in patients with migraine can be valuable for revealing their susceptibility to photophobia. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the iris epithelial and stromal thickness, retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL) thickness, and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness of patients with migraine. Methods: Forty-nine migraine patients (Group 1) and 50 control participants (Group 2) were included into this study. For obtaining standard measure in all participants, the epithelial and stromal thickness of dilatory and sphincter iris muscle was measured from the equal distance to the pupillary margin by using anterior segment mode of optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Additionally, RNFL and RGCL thicknesses were measured by using posterior segment mode of OCT (PS-OCT). Results: The epithelial thickness of iris sphincter muscle and the epithelial thickness of iris dilatory muscle was found to be significantly higher in patients with migraine compared to control subjects (p<0.001, p=0.001 respectively). Additionally the stromal thickness of both iris sphincter and iris dilatory muscle (p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively) as well as the total thickness of iris sphincter and iris dilatory muscle was significantly higher in patients with migraine than control subjects (p<0.001, p=0.02 respectively). However, no significant difference was found between patients with migraine and control subjects in terms of RNFL and RGCL thicknesses (p=0.1 and p=0.7 respectively). Conclusion: The finding of high epithelial and stromal iris thickness in patients with migraine may support the possible role of increased pupillary dynamic in photophobia formation.Öğe Evaluation of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer and Choroid in Psoriasis Patients Using Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Ersan, Ismail; Kilic, Sevilay; Arikan, Sedat; Kara, Selcuk; Isik, Selda; Gencer, Baran; Ogretmen, ZerrinPurpose: To evaluate changes in the thickness of the central macula, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL), and subfoveal choroid in patients with psoriasis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: The measurements of macular, mGCIPL thicknesses and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) obtained by SD-OCT of psoriasis patients (n = 46). These measurements were compared with those of 50 healthy controls. Results: The macular, mGCIPL, and choroidal thicknesses did not differ between the controls and psoriatic subjects (p>0.05). When the patients were divided into two distinct groups, only the SFCT was significantly thicker in the severe psoriasis group compared with the mild psoriasis group (p = 0.003). Conclusions: These findings suggest that choroidal alterations are seen without macular changes in patients with psoriasis. Severe psoriasis appears to be related to increases in SFCT as a consequence of possible inflammatory cascades that are part of the disease's pathogenesis.Öğe Evaluation of possible factors affecting contrast sensitivity function in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2015) Arikan, Sedat; Gokmen, Ferhat; Comez, Arzu Taskiran; Gencer, Baran; Kara, Selcuk; Akbal, AylaPurpose: The contrast sensitivity (CS) function in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) may be impaired either frequently as a result of dry eye diseases or rarely as a result of optic neuropathy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the CS function in pSS patients as well as to assess corneal aberrations and thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL). Methods: Fourteen eyes of 14 pSS patients (pSS group) and 14 eyes of 14 healthy participants (control group) were subjected to assessment of CS at the spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12, and 18 cycles/degree (cpd) using a functional visual acuity contrast test (FACT); measurement of corneal high-order aberrations (HOAs) in terms of coma-like, spherical-like, and total HOAs using Scheimpflug corneal topography; and measurement of the thickness of both the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) and pRNFL in all quadrants using optical coherence tomography. None of the participants were under treatment with artificial tears. Results: The results of the CS test did not differ between the 2 groups at all spatial frequencies (p>0.05). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of corneal HOAs (p>0.05) and thickness of mGCIPL (p>0.05). However, among all quadrants, only the inferior quadrant of pRNFL in pSS patients was statistically significantly thinner than that in the healthy participants (p=0.04). Conclusions: The CS function in pSS patients can be maintained with normal thickness of both pRNFL and mGCIPL and with lack of increased corneal HOAs, which may be present even in the absence of artificial tear usage.Öğe Evaluation of Retinal Morphology and Contrast Sensitivity Function in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome(Galenos Publ House, 2022) Cam, Mustafa; Yildiz, Aydin; Arikan, SedatObjective: The decreased number of dopamine receptors in the putamen are considered to play an important role in the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Retinal dopamine plays an important role in contrast sensitivity (CS) by establishing communication between retinal cells. It is also suggested that retinal dopaminergic neurons protect other retinal neurons. In this study, we aimed to investigate the thickness of retinal layers and CS function (CSF) of patients with RLS. Materials and Methods: A total of 68 participants were included in this prospective case-control study. The participants were divided into two groups as those with RLS (n=35) in group 1 and control subjects (n=33) in group 2. Optical coherence tomography was used to measure central macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL), and retinal ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPL). RNFL thickness was measured as average and as sectoral (superior, inferior, nasal and temporal). Additionally, the CS test measured at all spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 18 cycle per degree (cpd) was performed in all participants. Results: The average and superior sectoral RNFL thicknesses in group 1 were statistically significantly thinner than group 2 (p=0.03 and p=0.01 respectively). However, the thicknesses of other RNFL sectors were not different between group 1 and group 2. There were no statistically significant differences between group 1 and group 2 regarding the thicknesses of GCIPL and central macula. The mean values of CSF at all spatial frequencies of 1.5 cpd, 3 cpd, 6 cpd, 12 cpd and 18 cpd were statistically significantly higher in group 2 in comparison to group 1 (p<0.001 for all spatial frequencies). Conclusion: The decreased thickness of retinal layers and reduced CSF in patients with RLS support retinal dopaminergic dysfunction.Öğe Fungal endophthalmitis and the effectiveness of moxifloxacin on fungal endophthalmitis therapy(2013) Arikan, Sedat; Tufan, Hasan AliFungal endophthalmitis is a rare clinical condition that can potentially cause severe visual loss, and it is easily misdiagnosed unless detailed ocular examination have been done by ophthalmologists. In this disease, the infectious agent can gain access into the vitreous cavity either by traumatic introduction (exogenous) or through hematogenous spread (endogenous). In the two forms of the fungal endophthalmitis, Candida albicans is the most common causative microorganism that is seen approximately 33%-85% in all. The successful treatment rate of fungal endophthalmitis is closely associated with early diagnose of the disorder and administration of the appropriate antifungal therapy. After the exploration of amphotericin B, fungal endophthalmitis has been treated successfully as good as the other fungal infections. Amphotericin B ise the most effective antifungal drug among all of them. However, since amphotericin B poses great risk of severe ocular and systemic toxicity, its usage is limited frequently. In the literature there are few investigation that reports the effectiveness of quinolone antibiotics in modulating the effects of antifungal drugs.Öğe Intractable Hiccups Induced by Oral Methylprednisolone Treatment in a Patient with Behcet's Uveitis(Turkish Ophthalmological Soc, 2013) Tufan, Hasan Ali; Kocabiyik, Omer; Arikan, Sedat; Gencer, Baran; Kara, Selcuk; Gunes, FahriCorticosteroids are one of the most important drug groups that are used to treat uveitis. Topical, systemic, or periocular administration of these agents vary according to the location and severity of inflammation. Systemic steroids may cause short-term side effects including appetite and behavior changes, flushing, water retention, or long-term side effects including osteoporosis, myopathy, hypertension, Cushing syndrome, cataract, and glaucoma. In this study, we report a patient with Behcet's uveitis who developed persistent hiccups due to the systemic methylprednisolone treatment.Öğe Neck Pain and Disability: Eye Drop Installation Technique As a Causative Factor(Turkish League Against Rheumatism, 2014) Komurcu, Erkam; Kara, Seluk; Golge, Umut Hatay; Kaymaz, Burak; Arikan, Sedat; Gencer, Baran; Goksel, FerdiObjectives: This study aims to investigate a possible relationship between long standing eye drop usage and neck pain and to determine the optimal neck position while instilling the eye drop. Patients and methods: Sixty-seven patients who admitted to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic with the diagnosis of glaucoma and using eye drops for at least one year were included in the study as group 1 (n=31). The ages of the patients were between 18 to 80 years. A control group (group 2, n=36) was selected from age-matched individuals who did not use eye drops. The neck disability index form and a study form which included demographic data and the method of eye drop usage of patients were filled. Results: The mean age of the patients were 55.7 +/- 11.5 and 53.5 +/- 17.1 years for group 1 and group 2, respectively. There was no significant difference in the age and sex between the groups (p=0.526 and p=0.396, respectively). Compared to the controls, the chronic eye drop usage and its application method produced significant difference in neck disability index (p<0.001). Also, there was a positive correlation between neck disability index and number of eye drop usage per a day and period of eye drop usage (p=0.003 and p=0.004, respectively). Conclusion: Neck posture which is not placed in hyperextension position during administration of eye drop may reduce postural neck malposition-related neck disability. Patients who are on eye drop for a long time should be informed about postural disorders and instructed to correct the administration of eye drop technique to avoid neck pain.Öğe Non-invasive assessment of corneal and conjunctival deterioration in soft contact lens users using anterior segment optical coherence tomography(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Ersan, Ismail; Arikan, Sedat; Kara, Selcuk; Gencer, Baran; Koklu, Asiye; Tufan, Hasan AliBackground The aim was to evaluate the corneal and bulbar conjunctival thicknesses of soft contact lens (SCL) wearers using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Methods The epithelial and overall thicknesses of both the central cornea and the infero-temporal bulbar conjunctiva of SCL wearers (30 subjects) were obtained by Cirrus HD-OCT and compared with those of refraction-matched controls (30 subjects) and patients with emmetropia (30 subjects). Results The mean corneal epithelial thicknesses in SCL wearing, spectacle-wearing and emmetropic groups were 48.97 +/- 5.45, 52.18 +/- 4.84 and 53.18 +/- 5.05 mu m, respectively. The corneal epithelium of members of the SCL group was significantly thinner than in both the spectacles and emmetropic groups (p = 0.044 and 0.006, respectively), whereas the central corneal thickness did not differ between groups (p = 0.210). The mean conjunctival epithelial thicknesses in SCL, spectacles and emmetropic groups were 41.50 +/- 7.75, 54.33 +/- 8.39 and 49.10 +/- 7.11 mu m, respectively. Conjunctival epithelium in the SCL group was significantly thinner than in both spectacle-wearing and emmetropic groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The conjunctiva was significantly thinner in the SCL group compared to the spectacles group (p = 0.001) but not the emmetropic group. Conclusions Contact lens wear is related to thinning of both corneal and conjunctival layers. AS-OCT is a non-invasive and clinically applicable technique for assessing the involvement of the cornea and conjunctiva in contact lens wearers.
