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Öğe A Rare Cause of the Emergency Department Visit: Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis(Emergency Medicine Physicians Assoc Turkey, 2021) Akdur, Gokhan; Bardakci, Okan; Akdur, Okhan; Das, Murat; Atalay, UnzileIntroduction: Detection of the internal jugular vein thrombus (IJVT) in the Emergency Department with bedside ultrasonography is not common. Case Report: A 43 years old male patient was admitted to our emergency department with the complaint of pain, swelling and redness on the left side of the neck, which was noticed after chemotherapy 1 day ago. The swelling and redness of the hand, starting from the left clavicle and extending to the corner of the left mandible, were detected in the physical examination of the patient. The patient underwent bedside ultrasonography imaging by the emergency medicine specialist. Ultrasonography examination of the patient was performed with 5-12 MHz linear probe. After visualization of the vascular structures carotid, vascular structures were observed in the sagittal and longitudinal plane by gradual compression. Hyper echoic thrombus was seen in the incompressible internal jugular vein. Conclusion: IJVT can lead to complications such as pulmonary embolism, septic embolism, cerebral venous thrombosis. These complications may decrease with early diagnosis and treatment. It is a rare condition in IJVT Emergency Services. The increasing use of bedside ultrasonography by emergency physicians will prevent possible complications that will enable these patients to be easily diagnosed and successful treatments in recent years.Öğe Comparison of different risk stratification systems for prediction of acute pancreatitis severity in patients referred to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital(Turkish Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2022) Bardakci, Okan; Akdur, Gokhan; Das, Murat; Siddikoglu, Duygu; Akdur, Okhan; Beyazit, YavuzBACKGROUND: Prognostic prediction and estimation of severity at early stages of acute pancreatitis (AP) are crucial to reduce the complication rates and mortality. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the predicting ability of different clinical and radiological scores in AP. METHODS: We retrospectively collected demographic and clinical data from 159 patients diagnosed with AP admitted to Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Hospital between January 2017 and December 2019. Bedside index for severity AP (BISAP), and acute phys-iology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score at admission, Ranson and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) score at 48 h after admission were calculated. Modified computed tomography severity index (CTSI) was also calculated for each patient. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each scoring system for predicting severe AP, pancreatic necrosis, length of hospital stay, and mortality by determining optimal cutoff points from the (ROC) curves. RESULTS: mGPS and APACHE II had the highest AUC (0.929 and 0.823, respectively) to predict severe AP on admission with the best specificity and sensitivity. In predicting mortality BISAP (with a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) of 75.0%, 70.9%, 98.2%, and 12.0%, respectively, [AUC: 0.793]) and APACHE II (with a sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV of 87.5%, 86.1%, 99.2%, and 25.0%, respectively, [AUC: 0.840]). CONCLUSION: mGPS can be a valuable tool in predicting the patients more likely to develop severe AP and maybe somewhat better than BISAP score, APACHE II Ranson score, and mCTSI.Öğe Diagnostic utility of hematological indices in predicting adverse outcomes and severity of acute pancreatitis based on BISAP and modified score(Turkish Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2022) Akdur, Gokhan; Bardakci, Okan; Das, Murat; Akdur, Okhan; Beyazit, YavuzBACKGROUND: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte-ratio (PLR), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) are simple indicators of inflammatory status previously established as a severity indicator in distinct disease states. This study aimed to determine the impact of these simple hematologic indices with conventional inflammation markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients and their relationship with AP risk stratification scores including Bedside Index for Severity of Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) and modified Glaskow Prognostic score (mGPS) scores. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed in the emergency department of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University. A total of 171 patients (male/female: 68 [39.8%]/103 [60.3%]) with AP and 59 age and gender matched healthy subjects (male/female: 23 [39%]/36[61%]) as controls were enrolled in the present study. The patients were grouped according to severity and adverse outcomes according to BISAP and mGPS and a comparative analysis was performed to compare the NLR, PLR, and RDW between groups. RESULTS: The mean NLR values of AP patients and control group were 9.62 +/- 6.34 and 2.04 +/- 1.08, respectively (p<0.001), while the mean PLR values of AP patients and control group were 221.83 +/- 122.43 and 83.30 +/- 38.89, respectively (p<0.001). Except from RDW, all the other hematologic indices were found to be elevated (p<0.05 for WBC; NLR, PLR, and CRP) on both mild and severe disease at disease onset. NLR and PLR showed significant predictive ability for estimating serious complications associated with AP. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that NLR and PLR is increased in AP. Moreover, peripheral blood NLR and PLR values can predict disease severity and adverse outcomes associated with AP and can be used as an adjunctive marker for estimating disease severity.Öğe Evaluation of Viral Subgenomic RNAs and Antigen Presence in SARS-CoV-2 PCR Positive Cases(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2024) Buyukzengin, Kazim Batihan; Alper Akçalı; Alkan, Sevil; Akdur, GokhanPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antigen test (AgT) are frequently used in the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Routine PCR tests that detect the virus genome cannot determine whether the virus is infectious or not. However, detection of subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) produced during the replication period may indicate active viral infection. Active virus detection can offer various health and economic benefits from isolation time to treatment. Antigen tests are also considered as indicators of infectiousness since they can detect viruses above a certain load amount. The aim of this study was to use two different subgenomic RNAs and antigen test instead of genomic RNA to examine the relationship with each other and the clinic in terms of infectiousness. Evaluating the antigen test together with subgenomic RNA as an indicator of infectiousness may show the importance of this test. SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive 109 naso/oropharyngeal swab samples stored at-80 degrees C were included in the study. In order to confirm the PCR positivity of these samples, E gene PCR was performed and AgT, and E and N sgRNA quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) detection was performed. Of the 109 SARSCoV-2 PCR positive samples, 83 (76.14%) had antigen test positivity, 88 (80.73%) had E gene sgRNA, 96 (88.07%) had N gene sgRNA and 97 (89%) had at least one sgRNA positivity.The antigen test was found positive in 77.3% of the samples in which at least one sgRNA was detected and in 66.7% of the negative samples and this difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.475). The difference between E sgRNA and AgT positivity was significant (p= 0.023). N sgRNA was positive in 98.9% of E sgRNA positive samples and 42.9% of the negative samples and this difference was statistically significant (p= 0.0001). The AgT positivity rate was found to be 98.15% (53/54) for cycle threshold (Ct) value <= 25, 57.14% (12/21) for Ct 25-30, and 52.94% (18/34) for Ct >= 30. The difference in antigen test positivity between E gRNA Ct value <= 25 and > 25, <= 29 and > 29, < 30 and >= 30 was statistically significant (p= 0.0001). Antigen test positivity appears to be associated with viral load and infectivity, as expected. In our study, it has been shown that sgRNAs and AgT which are indicators of infectiousness can be detected at least 10 days after the symptom period. Using these two tests together could detect infective individuals with higher accuracy and shorten the duration of hospital stay and isolation.Öğe Haemogram indices are as reliable as CURB-65 to assess 30-day mortality in Covid-19 pneumonia(Scientific Scholar Llc, 2022) Bardakci, Okan; Das, Murat; Akdur, Gokhan; Akman, Canan; Siddikoglu, Duygu; Beyazit, Yavuz; Akdur, OkhanBackground. Mortality due to Covid-19 and severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains high, despite progress in critical care management. We compared the precision of CURB-65 score with monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ( NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in prediction of mortality among patients with Covid-19 and CAP presenting to the emergency department. Methods. We retrospectively analysed two cohorts of patients admitted to the emergency department of Canakkale University Hospital, namely (i) Covid-19 patients with severe acute respiratory symptoms presenting between 23 March 2020 and 31 October 2020, and (ii) all patients with CAP either from bacterial or viral infection within the 36 months preceding the Covid-19 pandemic. Mortality was defined as in-hospital death or death occurring within 30 days after discharge. Results. The first study group consisted of 324 Covid-19 patients and the second group of 257 CAP patients. The non-survivor Covid-19 group had significantly higher MLR, NLR and PLR values. In univariate analysis, in Covid-19 patients, a 1-unit increase in NLR and PLR was associated with increased mortality, and in multivariate analysis for Covid-19 patients, age and NLR remained significant in the final step of the model. According to this model, we found that in the Covid-19 group an increase in 1-unit in NLR would result in an increase by 5% and 7% in the probability of mortality, respectively. According to pairwise analysis, NLR and PLR are as reliable as CURB-65 in predicting mortality in Covid-19. Conclusions. Our study indicates that NLR and PLR may serve as reliable predictive factors as CURB-65 in Covid-19 pneumonia, which could easily be used to triage and manage severe patients in the emergency department.Öğe Point-of-care Lung Ultrasound, Lung CT and NEWS to Predict Adverse Outcomes and Mortality in COVID-19 Associated Pneumonia(Sage Publications Inc, 2022) Bardakci, Okan; Das, Murat; Akdur, Gokhan; Akman, Canan; Siddikoglu, Duygu; Simsek, Guven; Kaya, FeyyazIntroduction: The appraisal of disease severity and prediction of adverse outcomes using risk stratification tools at early disease stages is crucial to diminish mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While lung ultrasound (LUS) as an imaging technique for the diagnosis of lung diseases has recently gained a leading position, data demonstrating that it can predict adverse outcomes related to COVID-19 is scarce. The main aim of this study is therefore to assess the clinical significance of bedside LUS in COVID-19 patients who presented to the emergency department (ED). Methods: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia admitted to the ED of our hospital between March 2021 and May 2021 and who underwent a 12-zone LUS and a lung computed tomography scan were included prospectively. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to predict adverse events, which was our primary outcome. The secondary outcome was to discover the association of LUS score and computed tomography severity score (CT-SS) with the composite endpoints. Results: We assessed 234 patients [median age 59.0 (46.8-68.0) years; 59.4% M), including 38 (16.2%) in-hospital deaths for any cause related to COVID-19. Higher LUS score and CT-SS was found to be associated with ICU admission, intubation, and mortality. The LUS score predicted mortality risk within each stratum of NEWS. Pairwise analysis demonstrated that after adjusting a base prediction model with LUS score, significantly higher accuracy was observed in predicting both ICU admission (DBA -0.067, P = .011) and in-hospital mortality (DBA -0.086, P = .017). Conclusion: Lung ultrasound can be a practical prediction tool during the course of COVID-19 and can quantify pulmonary involvement in ED settings. It is a powerful predictor of ICU admission, intubation, and mortality and can be used as an alternative for chest computed tomography while monitoring COVID-19-related adverse outcomes.Öğe Prediction of adverse outcomes using non-endoscopic scoring systems in patients over 80 years of age who present with the upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the emergency department(Turkish Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2022) Bardakci, Okan; Siddikoglu, Duygu; Akdur, Gokhan; Simsek, Guven; Atalay, Unzile; Das, Murat; Akdur, OkhanBACKGROUND: The emergency department (ED) admission rate for elderly patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is increasing. The AIMS65 and Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) are two distinct scoring systems proposed to predict in-hospital and post-discharge mortality, length of stay (LOS), and health-related costs in these patients. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the accuracy of these scoring systems, in conjunction with the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), to predict 30-day mortality and LOS in UGIB patients who are 80 years of age or older METHODS: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 182 patients with non-variceal UGIB who were admitted to the ED of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Hospital. The AIMS65, GBS, and CCI scores were calculated and adverse patient outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 85.59 +/- 4.33 years, and 90 (49.5%) of the patients were males. The AIMS65 was superior to the GBS (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.877 vs. 0.695, respectively) and CCI (AUROC 0.877 vs. 0.526, respectively) in predicting the 30-day mortality. All three scores performed poorly in predicting the LOS in hospital. The cutoff threshold that maximized sensitivity and specificity for mortality was three for the AIMS65 score (sensitivity, 0.87; specificity, 0.80; negative predictive values [NPV], 0.977; positive predictive values [PPV], 0.392), 14 for GBS (sensitivity, 0.83; specificity, 0.51; NPV, 0.923; PPV, 0.367), and 5 for CCI (sensitivity, 0.91; specificity, 0.22; NPV, 0.946; PPV, 0.145). CONCLUSION: The AIMS65 is a simple, accurate, and non-endoscopic scoring system that can be performed easily in ED settings. It is superior to GBS and CCI in predicting 30-day mortality in elderly patients with UGIB.Öğe Prediction of mortality with Charlson Comorbidity Index in super-elderly patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2022) Das, Murat; Bardakci, Okan; Akdur, Gokhan; Kankaya, Imran; Bakar, Coskun; Akdur, Okhan; Beyazit, YavuzPurpose: In most countries, there is an ever-increasing admission rate of the elderly population into emergency departments (EDs). In particular, these elderly patients differ from younger patients because they have multiple comorbidities that affect the functionality and quality of life. The goal of this study is to reveal whether the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) foresee the short- and long-term prognosis of the super-elderly patient population. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive, retrospective analysis of emergency department (ED) admissions by patients over 85 years of age and admitted to the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University (COMU) Hospital between 2013 and 2018. The demographic data of the patients were analyzed according to CCI. Cox-regression analyses were conducted to determine whether the variables affected mortality. Results: A total of 1142 patients aged 85 and older (507 men, 635 women) with a mean age of 86.96 +/- 2.49 were included in the study. According to the multivariable Cox regression analysis male gender, CCI >= 6 and ICU admission were significantly associated with increased mortality rates Conclusion: The CCI predicts short and long-term prognosis in acutely ill, hospitalized super-elderly patients. The CCI could be used to select super-elderly patients at admission as an indicator of improvement at hospital discharge.Öğe Prognostic performance of peripheral perfusion index and shock index combined with ESI to predict hospital outcome(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2020) Das, Murat; Bardakci, Okan; Siddikoglu, Duygu; Akdur, Gokhan; Yilmaz, Musa Caner; Akdur, Okhan; Beyazit, YavuzIntroduction: Peripheral perfusion index (PPI) and shock index (SI) are considered valuable predictors of hospital outcome and mortality in various operative and intensive care settings. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic capabilities of these parameters for performing emergency department (ED) triage, as represented by the emergency severity index (ESI). Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 367 patients aged older than 18 years who visited the ED of a tertiary referral hospital. The ESI triage levels with PPI, SI, and other basic vital sign parameters were recorded for each patient. The hospital outcome of the patients at the end of the ED period, such as discharge, admission to the hospital and death were recorded. Results: A total of 367 patients (M/F: 178/189) admitted to the ED were categorized according to ESI and included in the study. A decrease in diastolic BP, SpO2 and PPI increased the likelihood of hospitalization and 30-day mortality. Based on univariate analysis, a significant improvement in performance was found by using age, diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, SpO2, SI and PPI in terms of predicting high acuity level patients (ESI < 3). In the multivariable analysis only SpO2 and PPI were found to predict ESI < 3 patients. Conclusion: Peripheral perfusion index and SI as novel triage instruments might provide useful information for predicting hospital admission and mortality in ED patients. The addition of these parameters to existing triage instruments such as ESI could enhance the triage specificity in unselected patients admitted to ED. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe SHOULD COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY BE THE FIRST CHOICE IN BLUNT CHEST TRAUMA?(Nobel Ilac, 2018) Bardakci, Okan; Akdur, Okhan; Karatag, Ozan; Akdur, Gokhan; Alar, Timucin; Beggi, HalilU Objective: We aimed to determine whether thorax tomography, which can be chosen as the first imaging method in blunt thoracic injuries early for and accurate diagnosis, has superiority to chest radiography. Material and Method: Patients who referred to Emergency Service between January 1st, 2011 and December 31st, 2013 with blunt chest trauma were evaluated. The examination was performed retrospectively. Results: 131 (75.3%) of blunt chest trauma patients were male. The mean age of the cases was 44.7 +/- 19.1. When trauma mechanisms leading to chest trauma were discussed, the most common cause of trauma in-vehicle was traffic accidents in 63 (36.2%) cases. There were 40 patients (28.5%) with normal radiography and pathologic findings in chest computed tomography. It was seen that costa fractures were the pathologies which escaped the attention most commonly in radiography and detected in computed tomography imaging in 27 (67%) of 40 cases. Pathologies not seen in radiography were pneumothorax in 12 cases (30%), hemothorax in 9 cases (22.5%) and sternum fracture in 3 cases (7.5%). Discussion: In conclusion, it would be useful to use thorax tomography as the primary imaging, especially in blunt chest trauma in emergency care, to be able to intervene quickly.
