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    Paternal and Maternal Holding-Cuddling for Procedural Pain in Healthy Term Neonates
    (Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2025) Aytekin Özdemir, Aynur; Yılmaz Kurt, Fatma; Küçükoğlu, Sibel; Atay, Selma; Aşki, Nesrin; Aylanç, Hakan
    Objective: Holding-cuddling helps reduce procedural pain. Studies have focused on the effect of the maternal holding-cuddling (MHC) method on heel prick pain in healthy-term neonates. However, there is limited study on the impact of paternal holding-cuddling (PHC) on procedural pain during heel pricks in neonates. This paper looked into the impact of MHC and PHC on heel prick pain and crying duration in healthy-term neonates. Methods: This quasi-experimental study occurred in the obstetrics clinic of a university hospital in western T & uuml;rkiye. The sample comprised 92 full-term neonates and their parents, divided into three groups: control (n=32), MHC (n=30), and PHC (n=30). The data were collected using a personal information form, a Neonatal Follow-up Form, and the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). The study received approval from an ethics committee. Results: The MHC and PHC groups had a lower NIPS score than the control group during and after the procedure (P<.05). The MHC and PHC groups had a lower crying duration than the control group (P<.05). There was no difference in NIPS scores and crying duration between the MHC and PHC groups (P>.05). Conclusion: Full-term infants held and cuddled by their parents tend to feel less pain and cry less during heel pricks. Nurses should use MHC and PHC to help infants have less pain during heel pricks.
  • Küçük Resim
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    The effect of kangaroo care on cortisol levels and immune factors in breast milk
    (NLM (Medline), 2023) Yılmaz Kurt, Fatma; Küçükoğlu, Sibel; Aytekin Özdemir, Aynur; Oğul, Tanju; Türkön, Hakan; Atay, Selma; Aşki, Nesrin
    This paper investigated the effect of kangaroo mother care (KMC) in the early postpartum period on cortisol levels and immune factors in breast milk. This quasi-experimental study was conducted at the obstetrics clinic of a university hospital in western Türkiye. The sample consisted of 63 mothers and their infants. All mothers had a cesarean delivery. Participants were divided into control (n = 32) and experimental groups (n = 31). The control group received routine care at the clinic. The experimental group received KMC for the first 3 days after birth in addition to the routine care at the clinic. Milk samples were collected on the third day after delivery to examine cortisol, IgA, IgM, and IgG levels. All parameters were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The experimental group had lower cortisol levels (17.740 ± 1.438) than the control group (18.503 ± 1.449) (p < .05). This result showed that the difference between the two groups was clinically significant (effect size = .53). There was no significant difference in IgA, IgM, and IgG levels between the groups (p > .05). The experimental and control groups had similar immunological factors, but the former had lower cortisol levels than the latter. Therefore, healthcare professionals should encourage mothers to provide KMC to their infants as soon as possible.