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    Investigation of isozyme polymorphism in open-pollinated sweet cherry and 'Mahaleb' seedlings
    (International Society for Horticultural Science, 2008) Şeker, M.
    Traditionally, sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars are propagated on seedling rootstocks in Turkey. For this purpose, wild cherries (P. avium) and 'Mahaleb' (P. mahaleb L.) have been used extensively. The use of clonal (vegetatively propagated) rootstocks for sweet cherries is low in Turkey due to the high cost of nursery plants. Seeds for rootstock propagation usually are collected by nurserymen from trees of unknown origin. The objectives of this study were to compare the seedlings of two Prunus species for morphological characteristics and to detect any isozyme polymorphisms in seedling populations. During the study, variations in germination rate, leaf area and seedling size were evaluated. Isozyme variation was surveyed for five enzymes including alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH, EC 1.1.1.42), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.11.1.37), peroxidase (PRX, EC 1.11.1.7) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM, EC 2.7.5.1) in the populations. Wild cherry (P. avium) seedlings exhibited greater variation than P. mahaleb. Cherry seedlings had leaf areas ranging from 25.4 to 60.3 cm2. Isozyme polymorphism was observed in seedling populations of both species at 7 enzyme loci with 35 alleles in total (19 alleles in cherries and 16 alleles in 'Mahaleb'). Isozyme variability was higher in sweet cherries than 'Mahaleb' due to high level of heterozygosity. The study demonstrates the value of clonal rootstocks for eliminating the genetic variability within seedling rootstocks.
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    Sweet cherry orchard soil mineral composition and GIS mapping in the çanakkale production region, Turkey
    (International Society for Horticultural Science, 2008) Şeker, M.; Yücel, Z.; Ertop, S.; Özcan, H.
    Çanakkale is one of the main sweet cherry production regions in Turkey. Sweet cherries produced in Umurbey, Lapseki and Çardak are used mostly for export due to very high fruit quality. In recent years, new orchards have been established in Bayramiç and Ezine counties in Çanakkale province. In this study, leaf analyses and some soil tests were performed to evaluate nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn) of '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) grafted on three rootstocks: 'Mazzard' (P. avium), 'Mahaleb' (P. mahaleb L.) and 'Gisela 6' (P. cerasus L. × P. canescens L.). Leaf and soil samples were collected in 21 orchards throughout the main production areas. Moreover, a Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to identify locations and their attributes, particularly soil characteristics and referenced as maps. Chemical analyses revealed differences in macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations in leaves among the orchards sampled. Rootstock type and soil characteristics influenced the leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe and Zn. The highest influence of rootstock and soil type was observed with respect to N, P, K, Mg, Zn and Fe. Considering that sweet cherry production areas in Çanakkale have variations in soils, rootstock type and orchard management, further studies are needed to assist cherry growers in management of their orchards to ensure that trees and fruits are balanced nutritionally.