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    Alterations in blood parameters, DNA damage, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes and immune-related genes expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide
    (Elsevier Inc., 2021) Acar, Ümit; İnanan, Burak Evren; Navruz, Fahriye Zemheri; Yılmaz, Sevdan
    In this study, effects of different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated after a 14-day of exposure. After determination of LC50 value, effects of GBH on hematological and serum biochemical parameters in blood samples, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in liver tissues, expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST) and immune-related genes (TGF-β, TGF-α and IL1-β) were evaluated. The LC50 value has been found as 44.4 mg/L for GBH. GBH exposure at all concentrations caused alterations in blood parameters. GBH induced oxidative stress in liver and DNA damage in blood. Antioxidant enzyme-related genes were significantly up-regulated to suppress oxidative stress. On the other hand, the expression levels of immune-related genes decreased in fish exposure to particularly ≥20 mg/L GBH.
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    Comparison of milt and blood parameters including testosterone and gonadotropins levels of sex-reversed female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by different steroid hormones
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2021) İnanan, Burak Evren; Acar, Ümit
    All-female progeny is preferable in the reproduction of rainbow trout. Using sex-reversed (SR) female rainbow trout by steroid hormones as broodstock in the reproduction is the most appropriate way to all-female progeny. This study compared mature SR female rainbow trout by ethisterone (ET), 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione (HD) and 17α-Methyltestosterone (MT) in terms of spermatological parameters and health status, for the first time. Spermatozoa concentration, motility characteristics, seminal plasma pH, testosterone and gonadotropins in seminal plasma and blood serum, blood parameters of SR females were evaluated, comparing with testicular and stripped milt, and blood from normal males (NM). The SR females by HD had greater gonadosomatic index and better motility characteristics compared with other groups. Also, blood parameters of this group were more similar to those in NM. The SR females by ET had the lowest haematocrit and the highest glucose and activities of the enzymes compared with the other groups. The measured hormones were significantly the lowest in both seminal plasma and serum of the ET group. These findings suggested that using of HD for obtaining SR female should be preferred due to having the better quality spermatozoa and health status.
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    Effects of dietary Ferula elaeochytris root powder concentrations on haematology, serum biochemical parameters, spermatozoa parameters, and oxidative status in tissues of males goldfish (Carassius auratus)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2021) İnanan, Burak Evren; Acar, Ümit; İnanan, Tülden
    This study evaluates the effects of Ferula elaeochytris, a traditional medicinal herb, root powder (FRP) concentrations (0, 0.5‰, 1‰, 0.5% and 1%) on serum biochemical parameters, hematological profiles, oxidative stress conditions in liver, muscle, gonad, testicular and stripped spermatozoa, and also spermatozoa parameters of adult male goldfish (Carassius auratus). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the effects of FRP on these parameters as being associated with its essential oil contents have been determined. Some important bioactive compounds such as such as 14-β-H-Pregna, α-curcumene, limonene have been determined in FRP. Following a 60-day feeding trial, blood samples were taken and then females were introduced to tanks together with changing photoperiod and water temperature for 10 days to promote spermiation. Results showed that RBC, haemoglobin, and haematocrit levels increased in 1‰ of FRP fed fish compared control group (P < 0.05). Also serum total protein and albumin levels in this group slightly increased (P > 0.05). However, blood parameters were negatively affected in 1% of FRP. Spermatozoa parameters dramatically decreased, even spermiation success could not be achieved in some fish in fish fed with 1% of FRP. Also, 1% of FRP in diet induced oxidative stress conditions in the tissues of this group. These conditions in gonad had a different pattern than those in liver in muscle. The results revealed that dietary 1‰ of FRP could be an advantageous additive while FRP at levels of >0.5% in diet was useless for or has deleterious effects on fish health and reproduction. Based on these results, we conclude that a supplement suitable concentration and analysis of major compounds of medicinal herbs which would use should be taken into consideration when planning to use them in fish diets.
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    Effects of Essential Oil Derived from the Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium) on Growth Performance, Histology and Gene Expression Levels in Common Carp Juveniles (Cyprinus carpio)
    (MDPI AG, 2021) Acar, Ümit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; İnanan, Burak Evren; Zemheri-Navruz, Fahriye; Terzi, Funda; Fazio, Francesco; Parrino, Vincenzo
    The aim of this study was to detect effects of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) essential oilcommonly called neroli oil (NO) (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, and 1.5% referred to as NO0 NO0.25, NO0. 05, NO1 and NO1.5, respectively) on growth performance output and expression levels of some growth-related genes in the muscle tissue and some immune-related genes in the head kidney and pathologicadifferences in digestive system organs of common carp Cyprinus carpio. The NO0.25 group had a large improvement in growth efficiency at the end of the 60-day feeding cycle. Real-time PCR (Bio RAD, USA) system was used to detect variations in gene expression levels. Furthermore, NO supplementation of up to 0.25% in muscle tissue controlled the release of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Furthermore, in the NO0.25 treatment category, immune response gene levels TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1ß increased in head kidney tissue. In the histological examination of the liver and intestine, there were significant differences between fish fed with N1 and N1.5 dietsThis study confirms that dietary supplementation of NO up to 0.25% can improve common carp growth efficiency and increase the expression of genes (GH and IGF-I) related to muscle growthTNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1ß genes related to immune status, and liver and intestine histological status ocommon carp.
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    Evaluation of metabolic stress status in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to the fungicide folpet
    (Elsevier Inc., 2023) Acar, Ümit; Erden, Yavuz; İnanan, Burak Evren; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Çelik, Ekrem Şanver
    Among pesticides, fungicides are the most extensively used ones in agriculture and their effects on fish health and indirectly human health are needed to evaluate. Folpet has been used for over 50 years as a fungicide across the world. The mechanism of action of folpet on non-target aquatic organisms is so poorly understood and there is no available information about potential acute toxicity of folpet and its mechanism of action in non-target aquatic organisms. With this motivation, two successive experiments were set up: first, 96 h-LC50 value of folpet for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was determined; and second, effects of different sublethal concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.50, 0.1 and 0.15 mg/L) of folpet on hematological serum biochemical blood parameters, DNA damages, expression levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cortisol receptor (HSP70) genes were evaluated in this study. It was calculated that 0.199 mg/L of folpet was the 96 h-LC50 value. After the folpet exposure for 14 days, significant decreases in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum total protein, and GST gene expression levels were observed while serum glucose, liver enzymes activities, and expression levels of CAT, SOD, GPx, HSP70 genes increased. Also, folpet induced a significant genotoxic effect on the blood cells regarding to DNA damages. Consequently, the results have shown the toxic effects of folpet even at the lowest concentration on common carp.
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    Evaluation of Sugar Beet Leave Extracts in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Diets: Effects on Blood and Semen Parameters
    (2019) İnanan, Burak Evren; Acar, Ümit
    Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is one of the common agricultural crops in the world. After harvesting of its roots, sugar beetleaves (SBL) become waste in the field. SBL could cause some inflammation problems in the digestive tract of cattle anddecrease tasty of feed. This study was carried out to determine the effects of three different extracts from SBL on hematologicaland blood serum biochemical parameters, and semen quality of goldfish Carassius auratus. These extracts contained proteins,essential oils and carbohydrates from SBL were added to fish feed at ratios of 5 and 20 ‰. The serum total protein, glucoseand albumin values increased while cholesterol and liver enzymes activities decreased in all SBL extract groups. Also, thehighest hemoglobin values were found in the groups fed with the supplementations of the essential oils extract. Moreover, thelowest lipid peroxidation and the highest catalase activity levels of seminal plasma were found in these groups. Thesupplementations of the essential oils extract which contains phytol and vitamin E improved blood parameters and increasedthe motility parameters as well.