Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/2750

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Farklı Biçim Uygulamalarına Bazı Sorgum Sudanotu Melezi Çeşitlerinin Agronomik Özellikleri ile Otunun Enerji Değerlerindeki Değişimlerin İncelenmesi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2024) Özsüer, Münir Sadi; Alatürk, Fırat
Bu çalışma sorgum sudanotu melezi (SSM) çeşitlerinde (Nutri Honey ve Nutrima) farklı hasat uygulamalarına bağlı olarak toprak üstü ve toprak altı biomass üretimi ile yaprak ve sapların enerji içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2020-2021 yıllarında Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi araştırma alanında yürütülmüştür. Bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulan araştırmada ana parselleri çeşitler (Nutri Honey ve Nutrima), alt parselleri ise biçim yükseklikleri (bitki boyu 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 cm olduğunda ve fizyolojik olum döneminde hasat) oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada bitkilerle ilgili olarak yeşil ot verimi, yaprak, sap ve salkım oranları, kök miktarı, yaprak ve sap kısımlarına ait TSBM, ME, NE ve SE değerleri incelenmiştir. Toplam yeşil ot verimleri biçimdeki bitki boyunun artışına bağlı olarak artmıştır. Nutri Honey çeşidinin toplam yeşil ot üretimi (7323.0 kg da-1) Nutrima’ya (7019.3 kg da-1) göre daha yüksek olmuştur. Bitkide büyümeye bağlı olarak yaprak oranları düşerken, sap ve salkım oranlarında artışlar olmuştur. Bitkilerde boy uzaması ile kök üretimi arasında olumlu ilişki olduğu ve boy uzunluğu arttıkça üretilen kök miktarının da arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Yaprakların TSBM içerikleri saplara göre %4.82, ME içerikleri %5.63, NE içerikleri %5.43 ve SE içerikleri %4.84 daha yüksek olmuştur. Yapılan çalışmanın sonunda benzer ekolojilerde kaba yem kaynağı olarak her iki sorgum sudanotu melezi çeşitlerinin yetiştirilmesi ve 150 cm bitki boyuna ulaştıktan sonra hasat edilerek yetiştirme döneminde iki kere verim alınması önerilmektedir.
Evaluation of the opacity and protein quality of maize kernels by image analysis
(Maydica-Ist Sper Cerealicoltur, 2025) Üçkan, Kerem; Şentürk, Nilay; Uydaş, Melike; Kahrıman, Fatih
The protein content and quality in maize significantly influence grain quality, driving global efforts to develop high-protein-quality genotypes. Opacity serves as a key phenotypic selection criterion in these efforts due to its relationship with essential amino acid content. This study investigates the differentiation of opaque maize kernels using computer-aided software and explores the relationship between opacity levels and color spaces (RGB, HSV, Lab). Seed samples from 10 maize genotypes (1000 seeds) with varying opacity levels were imaged on a light table in embryo-up and embryo-down orientations. Particle analysis and thresholding performed in R determined opacity levels and provided numerical data for RGB, HSV, and Lab color spaces. Protein, lysine, and tryptophan contents were analyzed through reference methods. Correlation and regression analyses assessed relationships between opacity levels (visual and image-processed) and biochemical components, and color space channels. Protein content ranged from 6.66% to 11.62%, lysine from 0.266% to 0.450%, and tryptophan from 0.034% to 0.092% among opacity groups. Relationships between visual and image-processed opacity levels showed R2 = 0.57 (embryo-up) and R2 = 0.65 (embryo-down). Notably, channels of the HSV color space correlated with lysine and tryptophan contents. This study demonstrates that image processing effectively evaluates opacity levels and protein quality in maize using color space data, offering a promising tool for phenotypic selection.
Discrimination accuracy of haploid and diploid maize seeds using NIR spectroscopy coupled with different machine learning algorithms and data pretreatment methods
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2025) Kahrıman, Fatih; Polat, Adem; Tiryaki, Ali Murat; Eskizeybek, Volkan; Fidan, Sertuğ; Songur, Umut
Spectral data collected at the single seed level allows determination of the biochemical content of the seed sample, as well as to identify the seed class. NIR (Near Infrared) spectroscopy provides a more precise method for differentiating haploid and diploid seeds in maize than traditional visual examination. In this study, classification models that can be used in the separation of haploid and diploid maize seeds were developed using spectra collected between 900-1700 nm from a single maize seed. In the study, 427 diploid and 311 haploid samples obtained by crossing 10 donor materials and 3 inducer lines and separated by eye according to the Navajo marker were used. Spectral measurements were conducted over the wavelength range of 900 to 1700 nm for each sample. The robust PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method was used to detect spectral outliers. Spectral data were treated with none, FD (First Derivative), SD (Second Derivative), SNV (Standard Normal Variate), and their binary combinations. Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine with a linear kernel (SVM-C), Random Forest, and XGBoost methods were employed as machine learning techniques. The performance of the developed machine learning models was assessed using metrics such as Sensitivity, Specificity, Recall, F1-Score, and Accuracy. The Boosting method demonstrated the best performance with 94.9% accuracy, 95.1% sensitivity, 94% specificity, and an F1 Score of 96%, particularly when using raw reflectance data. These results obtained from raw data show that high accuracy can be achieved in classification models without requiring additional preprocessing steps. D2 preprocessing was found to be unsuitable for intact seed spectra, whereas SNV and D1 applications improved the classification success of other modeling techniques. The study revealed that the Boosting-Raw combination is a powerful and feasible method for classifying haploid and diploid samples.
Effects of Drip Irrigations with Different Irrigation Intervals and Levels on Nutritional Traits of Paddy Cultivars
(MDPI, 2025) Çiftci, Beyza; Kardeş, Yusuf Murat; Varol, İhsan Serkan; Taş, İsmail; Akçura, Sevim; Coşkun, Yalçın; Karaman, Kevser; Akçura, Mevlüt
Rice serves as the primary food source for the majority of the world's population. In terms of irrigation water, the highest volume of irrigation water is utilized in paddy irrigation. Excessive water use causes both waste of limited water resources and various environmental problems. The drip irrigation method with high water use efficiency will reduce both the need for irrigation water and the environmental footprint of paddy production. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of two different irrigation intervals (2 and 4 days) and four irrigation levels (150%, 125%, 100%, and 75% of evaporation from a Class-A pan) on the nutritional traits of three different paddy cultivars (Ronaldo, Baldo, and Osmanc & imath;k). Increasing irrigation intervals and decreasing irrigation levels reduced the nutritional properties (protein, oil, starch) of the rice grains. In addition, increasing irrigation levels also increased the phytic acid and dietary fiber contents. The highest protein (7.14%) and total starch (87.10%) contents were obtained from the 150% irrigation treatments. The highest amylose content (20.74%) was obtained from the 75% irrigation treatment. In general, it was found that irrigation levels should be applied at 125% and 150% to increase the mineral content of rice grains. Although water deficits decreased the nutritional properties of the paddy cultivars, drip irrigation at an appropriate level did not have any negative effects on nutritional traits.
A Study on the Integration of In Vitro Methods with In Vivo Double Haploid Technique in Maize (Zea mays L.)
(2024) Yüksel, Nur; Kahrıman, Fatih
The in vivo doubled haploid technique in maize breeding significantly reduces the time required for developing homozygous lines, offering advantages in terms of both time and cost. Although this technique enables the development of lines much faster than traditional breeding methods, ongoing research aims to further shorten the development process through alternative approaches. In this context, significant efforts have been devoted to integrating in vitro methods with in vivo doubled haploid technique. This study aimed to investigate the potential of combining in vivo and in vitro techniques for the rapid development of homozygous maize lines. A total of 10 local populations and 3 inducer lines (CIM2GTAIL-P2, ADAIL-1, STOCK-6) were used as experimental material. The study was conducted in two phases under field and laboratory conditions. During the first phase, induction crosses were performed in 2022, and the haploid induction rates of donor genotypes were found to range from 1.29% to 7.12%, as determined using the Navajo marker. In the laboratory phase, immature embryo culture was employed for both direct and indirect regeneration using samples collected 18–20 days after induction crossing. Haploid status of the samples obtained through direct regeneration was confirmed using the Feulgen chromosome staining method. Four of the donor materials (DON3, DON4, DON6, DON7) yielded successful results in tissue culture studies. Explants were taken from immature embryos to CHU medium for callus formation and then these calli were transferred to Murashige and Skoog medium for the formation of somatic embryos. This approach enabled the production of 3 to 6 calluses per immature embryo, depending on the donor genotype. The results of this study indicate that integrating immature embryo culture as an in vitro method into the in vivo doubled haploid technique can offer benefits in terms of both time efficiency and an increased number of developed materials.
Evaluation of monthly changes in essential oil yield and components of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) leaf
(Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas-Csic, 2024) Akçura, Sevim
This research was carried out to examine the monthly changes in both the volatile oil content and volatile components of cherry laurel leaves by taking samples every month for 12 months in Turkey. Harvest periods significantly affected volatile oil content (P < 0.01). Depending on harvest periods, volatile oil ratios ranged from 0.19 to 0.35%. The months of August, July, and September yielded the highest volatile oil ratios. Benzaldehyde, phenol, benzoic acid, benzeneacetonitrile, pentadecanone, 1,54-dibromotetrapentacontane and, tetrapentacontane were determined as components in the volatile oil. The ratio of benzaldehyde, the main active ingredient, varied between 83.89 and 94.41%, depending on the harvest time. The cherry laurel leaf should be harvested in July, August, and September for high essential oil ratios and in May, June, and July for high benzaldehyde ratios. Due to the high concentration of benzaldehyde in its volatile oil, cherry laurel evergreen leaf can be considered a valuable source of raw materials for the fragrance and pharmaceutical sectors.
Evaluating Scald Reactions of Some Turkish Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Varieties Using GGE Biplot Analysis
(Mdpi, 2023) Akan, Kadir; Cat, Ahmet; Hocaoğlu, Onur; Tekin, Mehmet
Scald caused by the fungal pathogen Rhynchosporium commune is a significant foliar disease affecting barley production on a global scale, and it leads to substantial reductions in both yield and quality of barley. In the current study, the reactions of 40 Turkish barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties to scald were evaluated under natural conditions in canakkale and Kirsehir in 2021-2022, and Antalya and Siirt locations in 2022-2023 growing seasons. Field trials were conducted according to randomized block design with three replications in each year; the spore concentration was 1 x 10(6) spores per mL, and it was applied to the varieties three times at different growth stages. The reactions of barley varieties were assessed using a newly designed two-digit scale ranging from 11 to 99. Based on their scale values, the varieties were categorized as immune (0), resistant (11-35), moderately resistant (36-55), moderately susceptible (56-75), and susceptible (76-99). In addition, genotype plus genotype-by-environment (GGE) interactions of scale values were analyzed through GGE Biplot and explained 97.65% of the total variation. The ranking of genotypes based on scale groups generally showed consistency with GGE Biplot results, but GGE Biplot offered a more detailed classification, especially for moderately susceptible varieties. The relationship between the two methods indicated the relative stability of variety reactions, as GGE Biplot analysis also considered genotype stability. In conclusion, the use of the newly developed scale for evaluating scald reactions in barley gives reliable results. In addition, identified resistant varieties can serve as valuable genetic resources for further breeding studies.
Modelling the Effect of Irrigation Deficit on Maize Growth with Logistic Regression
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Hocaoğlu, Onur; Gonülal, Erdal; Akçura, Mevlüt
This research is conducted to model the limiting effects of irrigation deficit on maize growth which is a major challenge in dry areas. Field trials were conducted in completely randomized block design with three replications in Konya region (Turkey) during 2020 and 2021 growing seasons between May and August. Dry matter (DM) increase of maize was assessed on weekly intervals under four irrigation treatments, configured as %100, 75, 50 and 25 of the field capacity. Curve fitting with Logistic regression model demonstrated gradual decreases of maximum DM (from 496.331 to 254.119 g) and maximum growth rate (49,95 to 29,47 g/weeks) in average due to irrigation deficit when accurately modeling the DM accumulation with the varying R2 values between 0.979 and 0.995. Results of logistic regression curves and IWUE suggested that even 25% restriction of irrigation water caused an average of %25.5 decrease on DM when 50% and more restriction could be associated with water stress. Additionally, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was increased after the maximum acceleration point (MAP) which coincided with tasseling stage and inflection point (IP) where growth rate reaches to maximum, indicating that these periods were critical for maize in terms of preventing water deficiency.
Effects of harvest height and time on hay yield and quality of some sweet sorghum and sorghum Sudangrass hybrid varieties
(Peerj Inc, 2024) Alatürk, Fırat
Background: This experiment was conducted in the Research and Application Field of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, during the 2020 and 2021 summer period. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of different harvesting heights on forage yields and crude ash, fat, protein, and carbon and nitrogen content of leaves and stalks of sweet sorghum (SS) and sorghum sudangrass hybrid (SSH) cultivars. Methods: Nutri Honey and Nutrima varieties of SSH and the M81 -E and Topper -76 varieties of SS were used in this study. The experiment was conducted using the randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plots each included two early and late varieties of SS and SSH cultivars, while the subplots were used to test different harvesting heights (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 cm) and physiological parameters of each crop. Results: The results of this study showed that dry forage yields increased with plant growth, with the amount of forage produced at the end of the growth cycle increasing 172.2% compared to the early growth stages. Carbon (C) content of leaves decreased by 6.5%, nitrogen (N) by 46%, crude protein (CP) by 54%, crude fat (CF) by 34%, while crude ash (CA) content increased by 6% due to the increase in plant height harvest. At the same time, in parallel with the increase in plant height at harvest, the nitrogen content of the stems of the plants decreased by 87%, crude protein by 65%, crude ash by 33% and crude fat by 41%, while the carbon content increased by 4%. As plant height at harvest increased, hay yield increased but nutrient contents of the hay decreased. However, the Nutrima, Nutri Honey and M81 -E sorghum cultivars, harvested three times at heights of 90 to 120 cm, are recommended for the highest yield.
Bioethanol potential of switchgrass cultivars for rainfed and irrigated conditions in marginal lands
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Gönülal, Erdal; Hocaoğlu, Onur
Bioethanol is a climate-friendly alternative to conventional energy sources. This study was conducted to determine bioenergy potential of switchgrass cultivation in Central Anatolia where water scarcity limits the agricultural production. Field trials were conducted in a randomized blocks design with three replications under irrigated and rainfed conditions for three growing seasons (2019, 2020 and 2021). Biomass yield (BY), theoretical cellulosic ethanol yield (TEY), theoretical ethanol potential (TEP) with several quality parameters of 10 switchgrass cultivars were evaluated. Highest BY averages were obtained from Boomaster cultivar with 5.28 (rainfed) and 18.45 t ha−1 (irrigated) when Dacotah had the lowest BY averages of 1.55 (rainfed) and 5.29 t ha−1 (irrigated). ANOVA and Genotype Trait Biplot results revealed higher BY, TEY and TEP with lower ADF, NDF and ADL of lowland ecotype cultivars. Lowland ecotypes provided superior results in both rainfed and irrigated conditions with a higher response to irrigation. TEY of switchgrass were found as positively associated with BY, plant height and stem weight which could be used as indicators of TEY for genotype selection. In conclusion, lowland ecotype cultivars of switchgrass were recommended for bioethanol production in water limited environments.
Two or more bacterial mixtures increase tea plant growth, yield, nutrient intake and antioxidant enzyme activity
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Erduran, Erdim; Çakmakcı, Ramazan; Parlakova Karagöz, Fazilet; Karagöz, Halit
This study was carried out in order to determine bacterial strains that can be used as biological fertilizer in tea cultivation. The present study assessed possible effects of mineral NPK fertilizer (TF: 80 kg ha(-1) compound 25: 5:10) and ACC deaminase-containing, N-2-fixing, and P-solubilizing 6 bacteria strains as single (T-1-T-6:Pseudomonas fluorescens RC483, Pseudomonas fluorescens RC77E, Pseudomonas putida RC19b, Bacillus licheniformis RC5B2, Bacillus subtilis RC5A2, Bacillus pumilus RC7A1), binary (T-7: RC483 + RC5A2, T-8: RC77E + RC7A1), triple (T-9: RC77E + RC5A2+ RC5B2, T-10: RC483+ RC19b + RC7A1) and quadruple (T-11: RC77E + RC5B2 + RC7A1+ RC5A2) inoculations, chemical fertilizer (80 kg ha(-1) compound 25: 5: 10) and control treatments on growth, yield, yield, nutrient uptake and enzyme activity of Pazar-20 tea clones manufactured for commercial purposes. Experimental groups determined in the present study were formed by considering the results of our preliminary study and bacteria that do not have antagonistic effects on each other. Results showed that dual, triple and quadruple inoculations stimulated overal second and third leaf area, leaf yield, macro- and micro-nutrient concenrations, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content, and antioxidant, oxidative, catalytic, hydrolytic and quality-related enzymes activity. Tea plant growth responses were dependent on the inoculant strain and formulations used, as well as on the parameters evaluated. In conclusion, bacterial seed inoculations especially with quadruple bacterial formulation determined to be most effective in tea growth can improve tea yield and productivity on sustainable basis. The ability to increase enzyme activity, which may be important in taste and aroma, leaf antioxidant, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) and tea processing technology by using different combinations prepared with bacterial isolates will be able to a significant contribution to tea technology studies.
Use of machine learning models-based image analysis for classification of haploid and diploid maize
(Brazilian Soc Plant Breeding, 2023) Kahrıman, Fatih; Güz, Abdurrahman Muhammed; Pehlivan, İpek
Image analysis is a straightforward and non-destructive technique used to identify haploids/diploids in maize. This study was carried out to characterize haploid/diploid maize kernels based on color space data and to compare the success of classification models developed using different machine learning techniques in maize. In this study, haploid (n=390) and diploid (n=495) kernels obtained by crossing five different donors with a Navajo inducer were used. Kernel images were collected using a standard desktop scanner. After extracting the RGB color space data, it was converted to hue-saturation-value (HSV) and Lab color spaces. Seven combinations of color space datasets were used as predictor variables. Support vector machines (SVM-C), random forest (RF), classification and regression tree (CART) methods were used to develop ML models. The classification success of the models was found between 0.74 and 0.86. The Support Vector Machines model (Accuracy = 0.86) created with RGB+Lab input data was the best.
Behaviour of sheep freely grazed on Gokceada Island (Turkey) rangeland reclaimed by different methods
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2017) Tölü, Cemil; Alatürk, Fırat; Özaslan Parlak, Altıngül; Gökkuş, Ahmet
Extensive sheep and goat farming is common in the rangelands of Gokceada Island, NW Turkey. The aim of the current study was to investigate the behaviour of indigenous Gokceada sheep over these rangelands and factors influencing their behavioural characteristics. Grubbing (with chisel ploughing to a depth of 20 cm), burning (the entire top part of plants) and cutting (10-15 cm stalk on the surface of the soil) were carried out on selected rangeland to reduce prickly burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach) from the vegetative covering, then forage crop seeds were sown to improve plant cover. Forty head of Gokceada-bred sheep were placed in eight fenced plots (half seeded, half unseeded) on reclaimed and natural rangeland for 2 years. Sheep behaviour was observed for a period of 1 year. Each plot was arranged with a stocking rate of 267 sheep/ha and contained five sheep that grazed freely within each plot. Sheep behaviour was observed diurnally through direct observation by time sampling (10 min) and continuous sampling methods. During the period of 1 year, the observed sheep spent an average of 053 of their time grazing in daylight, 030 of their time in rangelands on other activities and 017 in the paddocks. Significant differences were observed in the time of grazing, resting, locomotion and rumination by season. The highest grazing ratio was noticed in spring while the lowest was in summer. Sheep exhibited walking behaviour 106 times/day. The sheep mostly (066) grazed on prickly burnet throughout the year although, when available, they tended to prefer herbaceous plants. The behaviour of sheep in the two natural (unreclaimed) plots was significantly different from those placed in other plots, mainly due to the mass of prickly burnet shrub found in the natural plots.
Fast selection opportunity of salt tolerant guar bean genotypes with GGE biplot method
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Taş, İsmail; Akcura, Mevlüt; Coşkun, Yalçın; Tütenocaklı, Tülay
In this study, 81 guar bean genotypes developed in Turkey were tested in the germination stage under saline conditions, and Genotype-Genotype-Environment (GGE) biplot method was used to identify salt tolerant and sensitive genotypes. In the study, irrigation waters with six different Electrical Conductivity (ECi = 0.5 [control], 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 dS m(-1)) levels were used. Split-plots experimental design was used in the study, and it was carried out in a laboratory environment with three replications. A dry-weight-based stress tolerance index (STI) was calculated for each ECi level. Salt treatments were considered as environments in GGE biplot analysis conducted for genotype selection based on salt concentrations. Seedling dry weight of some genotypes significantly decreased after 8 dS m(-1) level and such decreases were more remarkable in the other genotypes after 12 dS m(-1) level. It was concluded that ECi = 8 dS m(-1) level could be used for selection of genotypes with moderate salt tolerance and high adaptation capacity and ECi = 12 dS m(-1) level could be used for selection of genotypes with a high salt tolerance and special adaptation capacity. It was also concluded that the GGE biplot method quite facilitated the selection of genotypes tolerant to abiotic stressors, especially to salt stress.
DIVERSITY AND METABOLIC POTENTIAL OF CULTURABLE N2-FIXING AND P-SOLUBILISING BACTERIA FROM RHIZOSPHERE OF WILD CROPS IN VAN LAKE BASIN -TURKEY
(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2024) Erman, Murat; Kotan, Recep; Çakmakçı, Ramazan; Çiğ, Fatih; Karagöz, Kenan; Sönmez, Ferit; EL Sabagh, Ayman
The diversity of phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen -fixing bacteria from rhizospheric soil samples of different plant species (native wild cereals, beet, stonecrops, onion, rose, raspberry, and 10 other plant genera) grown at four different locations in the Van Lake Basin, Turkey were investigated. A total of 169 rhizosperic soil samples were gathered from these plant species, and over 777 rhizoplane bacteria were haphazardly selected from agar -solidified trypticase soy broth and examined for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) reports. As a result, 57 bacterial genera were recognised, which 64.8% gone to five genera viz., Bacillus (29.6%), Pseudomonas (9.8%), Stenotrophomonas (9.7%), Paenibacillus (5.7%), Micrococcus (5.1%), and Arthrobacter (4.9%). Approximately 56.8% of bacteria were found to be gram -positive (GPB), while 43.2% as gram -negative bacteria (GNB). In the of total GPB, 56.3% were N2 -fixing bacteria and 46.6% were P-solubilising bacteria, while in the case of GNB, 43.7% were N2 -fixing bacteria and 53.4% were P-solubilising bacteria. A total of 651 bacteria were isolated from the rhizospheric samples of the 20 plant genera, and subjected to further analysis. Of the 651 isolates, 542 were able to fix nitrogen, 279 were able to solubilize phosphates, and 247 isolates could fix both nitrogen and solubilize phosphates all at once. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Paenibacillus, Micrococcus, Serratia, and Pantoea genera were the most prominent N2 -fixing and P-solubilising groups. Additionally, B. megaterium, B. atrophaeus, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, Pb. polymyxa, Pb. macerans, Pb. macquariensis, Bb. choshinensis, Ste. maltophilia, Ps. fluorescens, Ps. putida, Ps. stutzeri, Pn. agglomerans, Mic. luteus, Rco. erythropolis, Kocuria rosea, Csb. Meningosepticum, and Serratia fonticola were the mainly frequent P-solubilising and N2 -fixing species in the native rhizosphere soils of plants.
Screening Turkish maize landraces for kernel oil content and oil quality traits
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2020) Kahrıman, Fatih; Aktaş, Fatma; Songur, Umut; Şerment, Mehmet; Egesel, Cem Ömer
In this study, maize landraces, previously collected from different regions of Turkey through a national maize breeding project, were screened for kernel oil content and oil quality. After a seed reproduction in 2017, the screening trial was conducted in 2018, using an Augmented Experimental Design with 192 local maize populations along with seven check hybrids. Data were collected on oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid, monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, total carotenoid and total tocopherol contents. The results showed that there was a considerable amount of genetic variation among the Turkish maize landraces for almost all the traits investigated in this study. Some of the evaluated landraces are available that could be considered as high oil variety or special genotypes in terms of certain oil quality traits. Landraces had significantly higher values than checks for oil content, oleic acid, MUFA and tocopherol contents. Genetic analyses suggest that the kernel quality traits could be successfully manipulated using the investigated plant material. Heritability values were found high for all the traits of interest, except for saturated fatty acid and total carotenoid content. The promising landraces detected in this study could be exploited in future breeding programmes upon further evaluations at the population level.
Effects of different herbicides and their doses on upper and sub soil developments of summer asphodel
(Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2023) Baboo Ali
The study work was carried out in order to prevent vegetative growth of summer asphodel which makes the management of rangelands difficult and shows toxic effects on grazing. This research work was conducted between the years of 2014-2017 in the Canakkale Province, Turkiye. The experiment trials were established according to the randomized complete block design by using three replications. Experimental treatments were consisted of five herbicides and their two different doses. Herbicide applications were done in the autumn of 2014 and summer of 2015 when the weed started its newly sprouted vegetative growth. Chlorsulfuron (7.5g/da and 15g/da), glyphosate (300ml/da and 600ml/da), dicamba+triasulfurun (12.5g/da and 25g/da), metsulfuron methyl+lodosulfuron methyl (25g/da and 50g/da), and tribenuron methyl+thifensulfuron methyl (2g/da and 4g/da) herbicides were used by applying their recommended and double doses, respectively. Upper and sub soil developments of summer asphodel were investigated. Consequently, a decrease of 80-85% in upper soil development and 60-95% in sub soil development of summer asphodel was observed after applying five different herbicides. In conclusion, it is suggested that the herbicides with active ingredients of glyphosate, metsulfuron methyl+lodosulfuron methyl and tribenuron methyl+thifensulfuron methyl can be used in the management of summer asphodel weed.
Insecticidal Effect of Some Essential Oils on Larval Survival of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Laboratory Conditions
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniv Rektörlüğü, 2024) Yandayan Genç, Hanife; Saran, Ceren; Akçura, Sevim
The Mediterranean fruit fly, medfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a serious pest of many fruits and vegetables. This study was conducted to determine the antifeeding and insecticidal activities of some essential oils extracted from Pelargonium graveolens (Geraniaceae), geranium, and Lavandula intermedia Mill. (Lamiaceae), lavender, Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) black cumin, and Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), laurel, against second instars of the Medfly on an artificial diet. The essential oils were obtained by Clevenger-type water distillation and a laboratory-reared medfly colony was used in the study. The doses of each tested essential oil were determined by multiplying their specific gravities by applying amounts into the diet and then distributing oil over the diet in a Petri dish having 20 larvae. All experiments were performed under laboratory conditions of 23 +/- 1 degrees C, 50% RH, and 16: 8 (L:D) photoperiods. Probit MsChart was used to estimate the LC50 50 and LC90 90 values of the tested essential oils. GGE Biplot analyses were created with the larval mortality based on the different essential oil doses. As a result, the highest larval mortality was determined with the addition of laurel and black cumin oils into the diet. The highest mortality was detected in black cumin oil at the lowest concentrations. Based on GGE Biplot analyses, the essential oil of black cumin had larvicidal properties. The results provided fundamental information about the insecticidal and antifeeding properties of the medfly in the laboratory. Further studies are needed to integrate sustainable management programs with natural insecticides against the medfly larvae.
Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Karacabey Merino lambs Reared under Triticale and Oat Pastures Compared with Stall-Fed Lambs
(Mdpi, 2023) Hanoğlu Oral, Hülya; Kecici, Pembe Dilara; Alatürk, Fırat; Tölü, Cemil; Ekiz, Bülent; Gökkuş, Ahmet
Simple Summary An economical livestock production model in which all the needs of the lambs can be met and they reach the optimal slaughter weight in the shortest possible time is the primary goal of all production models. Since the production system is an important factor for carcass and meat quality, different production systems have been developed. In intensive systems with concentrates, carcasses tend to be fatter and reach optimal slaughter weight faster, whereas pasture-fed animals have a better fatty acid profile and redder colour due to higher physical activity. In our study, we investigated the effects of feeding system, birth type, gender, and birth year on the carcass and meat quality of Karacabey Merino lambs. The effects of gender and birth type on Karacabey Merino lambs showed the expected results: single-borns have more muscle tissue than multiples, males have more muscle tissue than females, and females have higher carcass fatness. In conclusion, a pasture-based feeding system is more suitable for Karacabey Merino lambs than a stall feeding system, if lean and tender meat is preferred. However, it should not be ignored that lambs fed in stalls showed better fattening performance in terms of conformation and fatness, during the same period.Abstract Fifty-eight Karacabey Merino lambs were used to study the effects of feeding system (triticale pasture, oat pasture, or stall-fed), birth type (single or multiple), gender (male or female), and birth year (2016 or 2017) on various carcass and meat quality characteristics. Stall lambs had higher conformation (CS) and fatness (FS) scores, and higher meat L* and h* values than the two pasture groups, possibly due to higher fat content, while oat pasture lambs had the most tender meat. Single-born lambs had higher CS, FS, and Longissimus thoracis muscle section area, while females had higher subcutaneous and non-carcass fat deposits than their counterparts. Both single-born lambs and 2016-born lambs had higher meat a* and C* values than their counterparts. In conclusion, a pasture-based feeding system is more suitable for Karacabey Merino lambs than a stall feeding system, if lean meat and/or meat products are preferred. However, it should not be ignored that stall-fed lambs showed a better fattening performance in terms of conformation and fatness, during the same period.
Foods of the Future: Challenges, Opportunities, Trends, and Expectations
(Mdpi, 2024) Çakmakcı, Songül; Polatoğlu, Bilgehan; Çakmakcı, Ramazan
Creating propositions for the near and distant future requires a design to catch the tide of the times and move with or against trends. In addition, appropriate, adaptable, flexible, and transformational projects are needed in light of changes in science, technology, social, economic, political, and demographic fields over time. Humanity is facing a period in which science and developing technologies will be even more important in solving food safety, health, and environmental problems. Adapting to and mitigating climate change; reducing pollution, waste, and biodiversity loss; and feeding a growing global population with safe food are key challenges facing the agri-food industry and the food supply chain, requiring systemic transformation in agricultural systems and sustainable future agri-food. The aim of this review is to compile scientific evidence and data, define, and create strategies for the future in terms of food security, safety, and sufficiency; future sustainable foods and alternative protein sources; factors affecting food and nutrition security and agriculture; and promising food systems such as functional foods, novel foods, synthetic biology, and 3D food printing. In this review, the safety, conservation, nutritional, sensory, welfare, and potential challenges and limitations of food systems and the opportunities to overcome them on the basis of new approaches, innovative interpretations, future possibilities, and technologies are discussed. Additionally, this review also offers suggestions for future research and food trends in light of future perspectives. This article focuses on future sustainable foods, alternative protein sources, and novel efficient food systems, highlights scientific and technological advances and new research directions, and provides a significant perspective on sustainability.

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