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Öğe Calculation Of The Damping Constant (FWHM), The Relaxation Time, And The Activation Energy As A Function Of Temperature For DmaCd(N3)3(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Kurt, ArzuThe Raman frequencies of τ(CH3), υs(CNC), υ1(N3) and δ(CH3) modes, the IR frequencies of δ(NH2) and ρ(NH2) modes, and the corresponding FWHM values for these modes in DMACd(N3)3 were analyzed by using the experimental data from the literature for both ferroelastic and paraelastic phases. In these analyses, the Raman and the IR frequencies of these modes were associated with the order parameter calculated from the molecular field theory with regard to the structural phase transition (Tc=174 K) in DMACd(N3)3, the frequencies and the damping constants of τ(CH3), υs(CNC), υ1(N3), δ(CH3), δ(NH2), and ρ(NH2) modes as a function of temperature through the model of pseudospin (dynamic disorder of DMA+ cations and partially N3 anion), phonon coupling (PS) model, and the energy fluctuation (EF) model by analyzing the experimental data for the frequencies and FWHM of these modes in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite. Moreover, the relaxation time and the activation energy were calculated for all these modes at various temperatures by using the damping constants (FWHM) for the PS and EF models studied in DMACd(N3)3. The results of the present research showed that the calculated Raman and IR frequencies with the damping constants of τ(CH3), υs(CNC), υ1(N3), δ(CH3), δ(NH2), and ρ(NH2) modes adequately accounted for the experimental data in DMACd(N3)3. The calculated activation energies for these modes were found to be acceptable compared to the values available in the literature and the kBTc values at the critical temperature. This method for calculating the frequencies (IR and Raman) and FWHM of these modes that were associated with the phase transitions could also be applied to some other hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites.Öğe Hydrochemical and Bacteriological Status of a High Altitude Karstic Cave Stream (Güvercinkaya Cave: Çanakkale, Turkey) with Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Findings(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2022) Odabaşı, Deniz Anıl; Odabaşı, Serpil; Deniz, Ozan; Çakır, Fikret; Elipek, Belgin; Arslan, Naime; Özbek, Onur; Özalp, H. BarışCaves are laboratories for many disciplines that work in natural sciences including mineralogy, biology, hydrogeology, and archaeology. In this study, bi-monthly samplings were carried out from three smapling locations within and around the Güvercinkaya Cave, a high-altitude cave located in nortwestern Turkey, to evaluate the hydrochemical and microbiological properties and the aquatic macroinvertebrates of the cave stream. Some parameters of the water including pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, dissolved oxygen were measured in-situ, while elemental (70 in total) and ionic composition of water were analyzed in the laboratory. Microbiological analyses of the cave stream were examined through analyses of total bacteria, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli. According to the Piper diagram of hydrochemical data, the cave stream had mainly Ca-Mg-HCO3 character, on the other hand, the Schoeller diagram indicated a common water source in Güvercinkaya cave due to the similar components of the main ionic components of the water. As a result of microbiological analysis, fecal contamination was determined, indicating an active wildlife in the cave. Additionally, several aquatic macroinvertebrates taxa, Rhynchelmis limosella, Dugesia sp., Gammarus uludagi which have non-troglobiont character were found in the cave stream. Rhynchelmis limosella detected in this study is the first record for the Turkish fauna.
