Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/2673

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Technological Optimization, Health Risk Reduction, and Economic Analysis of Electrokinetic Remediation of Cadmium-contaminated Soil
(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Taneja, Sonam; Karaca, Öznur; Haritash, Anil Kumar
The electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technique was employed for cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil to study the cross-effect of voltage gradient and electrolyte concentration on removal efficiency. Response Surface Methodology over Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to design the experiments. In addition, the effect of electrode material on EKR was investigated using two different electrodes, graphite, and stainless steel. The distribution and migration behavior of Cd in soil was explored through chemical speciation and sequential extraction procedure. The findings revealed that the voltage gradient and EDTA concentration were positively correlated with the removal efficiency at the optimized conditions of 2.5 V/cm and 0.15 M EDTA to achieve 27.8% removal in 10 h. The voltage gradient had a more profound effect on the removal efficiency as compared to EDTA concentration. The EKR treatment effectively reduced the bioavailability of Cd by removing water-soluble and exchangeable fractions and rendering the transformation of Cd to reducible and residual fractions. The Human Health Risk Assessment study was performed which revealed that EKR was successful in reducing the non-carcinogenic adverse effects by 29% and total carcinogenic risks from one in a thousand to one in a hundred thousand in adults, while children still exposed to high potential non-carcinogenic effects. The economic evaluation of all experiments concluded that the stainless steel electrode was more suited for Cd removal as compared to the graphite electrode with better removal (30%) and low specific cost (5.8 US$/g Cd). The study shows that EKR is successful in reducing the overall toxicity of Cd in soil and humans at a relatively low cost and less treatment time.
Author Correction: The role of mineralogical and textural complexity in the damage evolution of brittle rocks
(Nature Portfolio, 2025) Göğüş, Özge Dinç; Avşar, Elif; Develi, Kayhan; Çalık, Ayten
[No abstract available]
Soil remediation at coastal plains with the help of DC Resistivity Method
(Maden Tetkik Ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü-MTA, 2025) Özentürk, Buse; Karaca, Öznur; Ulugergerli, Emin Uğur
The coastline of the Dardanos, a district of & Ccedil;anakkale, T & uuml;rkiye, suffers from saltwater intrusion due to excessive extraction of groundwater for domestic usage and also agricultural activities. Thus, the salinity level increased, and much of the land became unusable. The electrokinetic remediation method was employed to reduce the salinity level in the soil samples in laboratory conditions. The sample used in remediation is silty agricultural soil, with pH value and electrical conductivity (EC) of which are 8.33 and 1282 mu S/cm respectively. In the lab-scale experiments, three different types of electrodes, aluminum, copper, and galvanized steel, were used in the tests. For each type of metal, electrode pairs were placed in the soil that was filled in a plastic container. Current variation was monitored while 1 VDC/cm was applied to electrodes. Average electrical conductivity reduces to 13.5%. As a side effect, all electrodes suffered from heavy corrosion which may be prevented by using anti-corrosion additives to reduce damage for future applications.
Beyşehir Göl Havzası Çevresindeki Çökellerin Kuvaterner Stratigrafisi, Gastropoda Faunası ile Paleoiklimi ve Paleoekolojisi
(Tmmob Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası, 2025) Demir, Ahmet; Kapan, Sevinç
Bu çalışmada, Beyşehir Göl havzası çevresindeki çökellerin gastropoda faunası ile, paleoekolojik ve paleoiklim özelliklerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Eski Beyşehir Gölü’nün tortullarından alınan örneklerin incelenmesi sonucunda Mollusk dalının Gastropoda sınıfına ait; 13 cins, 15 tür tanımlanmıştır. Fauna sayısal bolluk açısından değerlendirildiğinde tipik hakim türlerin akarsularda yaşayan Valvata pulchella ve sığ tatlı sularda yaşayan Bithynia leachii olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bithynia leachii ve Valvata pulchella türünün birlikte bulunduğu seviyelerin çökeldiği zaman aralığında gölün akarsularla beslenen bir tatlı su ortamını yansıttığı düşünülmektedir. Valvata pulchella ve Bithynia leachii türlerinin azaldığı, Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex, Gyraulus parvus gibi bataklık ve durgun su ortamlarında yaşayan türlerin sayısal olarak arttığı seviyelerin çökeldiği zaman aralığında ise ortam koşulları ılıman, çok sığ, kapalı göl şartlarını işaret etmektedir. Eski Beyşehir gölünün endemik türü olan, akarsularla beslenen tatlı su ortamını yansıtan Valvata beysehirensis havzanın bir çok seviyesinde gözlenmiştir. Literatürde geç Pleyistosen yaşı verilen V. beysehirensis türünün Pleyistosen süresince varlığı bu çalışma ile ortaya çıkarılmıştır. ESR tarihlendirme sonuçları, diğer araştırmacıların belirlediği yaşlar ve tanımlanan faunanın paleoekolojik özellikleri birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, Pleyistosen boyunca inceleme alanında 7 kurak ve 6 yağışlı iklimsel dönemin etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. İnceleme alanındaki iklimsel şartların son 659 bin yıllık dönemde, küresel deniz seviyesi değişimlerini ifade eden MIS 16 -MIS 2 evreleri arasındaki paleoiklimsel değişimlerle uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür.
Integrated Analysis of Mineralogical and Textural Factors on Stress-Induced Fractal Rock Damage: A Multiscale Analysis
(Institute of Physics, 2025) Dinç Göğüş, Ö.; Avşar, E.; Develi, K.; Çalık, Ayten
This study explores the influence of textural properties and mineralogical composition on micro and mesoscale mechanical behaviors of three different rock types. Employing laboratory experiments, discrete element modeling (DEM), mineralogical examinations, and fractal analysis, we quantitatively assess rock damage evolution. Fractal dimension (DB) calculations on crack patterns, identified on thin sections prepared parallel and perpendicular to the uniaxial compressive loading direction at critical stress thresholds (σci, σcd, σpeak), provide insights. Our findings indicate that post-critical stress (σcd) highlights textural properties as primary factors determining rock damage extent, with mesoscale fractures aligning in response to mineralogical composition. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Electrokinetic Remediation of Metal-Contaminated Soils: Influence of Operating Variables
(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2025) Taneja, Sonam; Karaca, Öznur; Haritash, A.K.
Soil pollution is a global concern due to its direct influence on agriculture and food security which needs immediate attention. Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) is one of the emerging technologies for contaminant removal from soil with the application of direct current electricity. This study investigated the effect of operating variables of EKR, including voltage, electrolyte solution, and electrode material on artificially contaminated soils with Hexavalent Chromium [Cr (VI)] and Lead [Pb (II)]. Results of the study indicated that applied voltage had a profound effect on the removal efficiency of EKR with a maximum removal of 55% and 64% for Cr (VI) and Pb, respectively, at 2.5 V/cm. However, with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), the removal rate for Cr (VI) (77%) was higher as compared to Pb (65%). Similarly, the behavior of electrode material exhibited contrasting results, with graphite more suited for Cr (VI), while stainless steel for Pb removal. The findings suggested that the operating conditions vary with the type of metal contaminant present. © ASCE.
Late Quaternary paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes in the Konya Closed Basin (Konya, Turkey) recorded by geochemical proxies from lacustrine sediments
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Orhan, Hükmü; Delikan, Arif; Demir, Ahmet; Kapan, Sevinç; Olgun, Kemal
The Konya Closed Basin is an important basin in central Turkey, in terms of its geographic position, Quaternary infills, and well-preserved archeological sites. It comprises Quaternary lake marls and other, mainly fine grained, sediments with locally in excess of 400 m. Geochemical data for samples taken from the 7-m-deep Adakale trench from the late Quaternary lacustrine sediments in the Konya Closed Basin are presented and have been used as proxies to elucidate the past climatic changes, weathering regime, redox conditions, and productivity. Climate changes observed in the studied samples for last 50,000 years were represented by oscillations in weathering processes, detrital input, redox conditions, water levels, and paleoproductivity. Geochemical data show that three periods of high detrital input (high Si+Al+K+Ti+Fe, high Ti/Al, Rb/Sr, low Ca and low Si/Ti), four periods of anoxic conditions (low Mn and Th/U and high Ni/Co, Mo/Al and V/Cr), and four periods of higher productivity (high Cu/Al, Ni/Al, Ca/Al, Ba/Al Si/Ti and Ca/Ti) were effective in the study area. These periods are corresponding to climatic changes during last glacial periods, the warm climate of Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) events (D/O 2-12) and the cold climate of Heinrich events (H 2-5).
Determining the geochemical characteristics of geothermal resources and generating a geothermal information system of thermal waters in Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey
(Amer Chemical Soc, 2013) Şanlıyüksel Yücel, Deniz; Yücel, Ali Mehmet; Karaca, Zeki; Çetiner, Ziya S.; Erenoğlu, Ramazan Cüneyt; Akçay, Özgün; Kamacı, Celal; Çalışkan, Hidayet
CORRECTION AND DENSIFICATION OF UAS-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC THERMAL POINT CLOUD
(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2016) Akçay, Özgün; Erenoğlu, Ramazan Cüneyt; Erenoğlu, Oya
Photogrammetric processing algorithms can suffer problems due to either the initial image quality (noise, low radiometric quality, shadows and so on) or to certain surface materials (shiny or textureless objects). This can result in noisy point clouds and/or difficulties in feature extraction. Specifically, dense point clouds which are generated with photogrammetric method using a lightweight thermal camera, are more noisy and sparse than the point clouds of high-resolution digital camera images. In this paper, new method which produces more reliable and dense thermal point cloud using the sparse thermal point cloud and high resolution digital point cloud was considered. Both thermal and digital images were obtained with UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) based lightweight Optris PI 450 and Canon EOS 605D camera images. Thermal and digital point clouds, and orthophotos were produced using photogrammetric methods. Problematic thermal point cloud was transformed to a high density thermal point cloud using image processing methods such as rasterizing, registering, interpolation and filling. The results showed that the obtained thermal point cloud - up to chosen processing parameters - was 87% more densify than the original point cloud. The second improvement was gained at the height accuracy of the thermal point cloud. New densified point cloud has more consistent elevation model while the original thermal point cloud shows serious deviations from the expected surface model.
Electrokinetic remediation: Past experiences and future roadmap for sustainable remediation of metal-contaminated soils
(Elsevier, 2024) Taneja, Sonam; Karaca, Öznur; Haritash, Anil Kumar
Soil pollution due to heavy metals has become a serious environmental concern in the past decade, adversely affecting soil conditions and global food security. Due to this, considerable attention has been given to developing suitable remediation technologies, particularly for heavy metals. Among them, Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) is a promising developing technique due to its great efficiency for fine-grained soils. The use of an electric field to remove contaminants from soil is effective on a wide range of matrices irrespective of the heterogeneity. In this context, the present study provides a detailed discussion on the design and operational considerations of EKR, mainly, power, electrode, and electrolyte characteristics. The major limitations of EKR, innovative modifications of EKR operations to overcome the limitations, and EKR-integrated technologies have been addressed. The optimization of regulating parameters ensures maximum efficiency towards removal of contaminants at minimum cost of treatment, thus, highlighting the engineering aspect of electrokinetics at field scale. The sustainability concerns arising from EKR and its possible alternative solutions have been discussed, to provide useful information and prospects to researchers in the field.
Determination of Empirical Correlations between Shear Wave Velocity and Penetration Resistance in the Canakkale Residential Area (Turkey)
(Mdpi, 2023) Tunusluoğlu, Mehmet Celal
One of the most important parameters used to determine the dynamic properties of soil layers is the shear wave velocity. In geotechnical earthquake engineering, the shear wave velocity is used to determine the shear modulus, which provides the input parameters for the design of earthquake-resistant structures. Although there are measurement methods used in field studies to determine the shear wave velocity, they may not be economical in some cases. In this study, the empirical correlations between the shear wave velocity and penetration resistance in sandy soils were investigated with the use of geotechnical and geoseismic data obtained within the scope of microzonation studies performed in the Canakkale residential area. The results of the study were compared with correlations obtained from previous studies, and the equation we produced showed a good ability to predict the shear wave velocity. In addition, it was determined that standard penetration resistance, without energy correction, provided a better correlation coefficient.
Soil Contamination in the Aftermath of Industrial Disasters: Risk Assessment and Crisis Management
(AccScience Publishing, 2024) Taneja, Sonam; Karaca, Öznur; Haritash, A. K.
Industrialisation has brought numerous benefits to society, but it has also led to environmental challenges, including the risk of industrial disasters. Industrial disasters pose significant risks to environmental health, with soil contamination emerging as a prevalent consequence. The resultant contamination renders affected sites barren and unsuitable for reuse, necessitating the treatment of such sites post-disaster to restore soil functionality and ecosystem. In this context, the review proposes an appropriate approach to carry out risk assessment studies of contaminated sites and to discuss strategies for the post-disaster management of contaminated soil. The review delves into the policy and legislative landscape governing industrial disaster management in India to facilitate progress in the remedial direction.
Earthquake strategy for sustainable infrastructure in Turkey
(Ice Publishing, 2014) Erenoğlu, Ramazan Cüneyt; Erenoğlu, Oya
The magnitude 7.4 Izmit earthquake in north-west Turkey in 1999 resulted in 17 127 deaths, 43 959 injuries and extensive property and infrastructure damage. The event highlighted a national lack of seismic design and construction codes. After recovering from the initial effects of the Izmit earthquake, work started on a national earthquake strategy and action plan by public organisations, institutions, academics and practitioners. This paper provides an overview of the efforts to date to achieve safe, earthquake-resilient and sustainable urban infrastructure in Turkey.
Biga Yarımadasında Jeodeğerler ve Jeoturizm Potansiyeli
(TMMOB Jeoloji Muhendisleri Odasi, 2018) Çalık, Ayten; Kapan, Sevinç; Erenoğlu, Ramazan Cüneyt; Erenoğlu, Oya; Yaşar, Cumali; Ulugergerli, Emin Uğur
It is summarized what needs to be done and to be able to utilise three structurally different geological formations within the Canakkale province as geo-parks or geovalue that can attract geologically important and interestingtosocieties. As examples, hot water springs of Tuzla geothermalarea, ancient granite columns of Kestanbolu-Yahya Cavusvillage and opal pit of Yenice village are taken as examples. It is also emphasized that besides the areas highlighted, all other possible areas have their own specific conditions and that ignoring these conditions may cause permanent damages to the area. Earth science museum are also important institutions that will contribute to the discovery and introduction of these fields. As a way of preserving areas that are both scientific and tourist attraction, we have also listed our views on the importance of opening up and exploring to public and the negativity of this activity. According to the first results, while the Tuzla Geothermal field could be used with a few simple arrangements but Kestanbol and Yahya Cavus villages could not be used for the purpose of geotourism with its current state of the fields.
Biostratigraphy of the Paratethyan Neogene at Yalova (Izmit-Province, NW-Turkey)
(Gebruder Borntraeger, 2006) Rueckert-Uelkuemen, Neriman; Kowalke, Thorsten; Matzke-Karasz, Renate; Witt, Wolfgang; Yiğitbaş, Erdinç
Two main palaeoenvironments are reconstructed for the Paratethyan deposits at Yalova (Turkey). The investigated sections show the typical lithologic composition of the Neogene of NW Turkey, however, the palaeoecological context was so far unknown and the stratigraphic differentiation was still outstanding. In this study, molluscs, ostracods and fish remains are used as tools for the interpretations of the palaeoenvironmental situation. These biota reflect palaeoenvironments, represented by (1) the clastic section of the Kilic Formation and (2) the Yalakdere Formation, which is characterized by marl, clay and coal sedimentation. While the Kilic Formation comprises sediments of fluviatile deltaic systems, connected to lagoons with partly reduced water energy, the Yalakdere Formation exemplifies freshwater habitat, including stagnant water bodies with a seasonally slightly varying salinity and, at most, moderately flowing rivers. The investigated biota indicate a Late Miocene age of both the Kilic and the Yalakdere Formation. Some species furthermore allow a more detailed stratigraphic assignment: the Yalakdere Formation corresponds to the Late Khersonian/Early Maeotian. Comparisons with contemporaneous faunas indicate connections to the Dacian, Euxinian and Caspian Basins and a weak Mediterranean influence. No occurrences of Central Paratethyan elements of the corresponding Late Pannonian time interval are evident.
The role of mineralogical and textural complexity in the damage evolution of brittle rocks
(Springer Nature, 2024) Göğüş, Özge Dinç; Avşar, Elif; Develi, Kayhan; Çalık, Ayten
In brittle rocks, deformation is characterized by the initiation and propagation of cracks at both microscale and mesoscale levels. This study explores how rock texture influences the evolution of cracking networks and progressive rock damage results under uniaxial compression. 3D discrete analyses were employed to identify the critical stresses of three different rock types. Thin sections were prepared from uniaxially loaded core samples at these stresses and crack patterns were captured under a polarizing microscope. The fractal box dimension method was used to quantitatively analyze the crack patterns for each rock type at each stress level. The novelty of this research is revealing the relationship between the development of microcrack patterns and textural properties such as mineral orientation/distribution, interlocking, crystal cleavage/hardness, and the groundmass. Results show that the cracking tendency varies with rock type at each critical stress level. Specifically, diabase exhibited the highest crack intensity, attributed to the interlocking of hard plagioclase and pyroxene crystals. Furthermore, the cleavages in pyroxenes make diabase particularly susceptible to cracking, especially when they are oriented parallel or semi-parallel to the applied load. These findings highlight that rock texture is a crucial factor influencing microcrack development, which should be considered in rock engineering applications.
Paramagnetic characterization of fossil mollusc shells at eastern part of the old Konya lake: its importance for EPR dating
(Oxford Univ Press, 2023) Ekici, Gamze; Sayın, Ülkü; Işık, Mesut; Kapan, Sevinç; Demir, Ahmet; Aydın Karaaslan, Hülya; Delikan, Arif
Fossil mollusc shells are used for dating geological materials because they are well preserved throughout geological time. In this study, the radicals in the structure of fossil mollusc shells (Dreissena iconica, Valvata piscinalis, Bithynia tentaculate, Unio pictorum) collected from the Eastern Part of Old Konya Lake in Turkiye were investigated by EPR technique. For all fossil shells, microwave and temperature dependence of the signals were examined, and the signals suitable for dating are discussed. Characteristic features of intrinsic and impurity-related radicals were identified and the importance of paleontological evaluation of molluscs to get a reliable equivalent dose in EPR dating studies was emphasised.
Tectonic implications of the February 2023 Earthquakes (Mw7.7, 7.6 and 6.3) in south-eastern Turkiye
(Elsevier, 2023) Över, Semir; Demirci, Alper; Özden, Süha
The series of earthquakes that took place on February 6, 2023 caused one of the saddest major calamities in Turkiye. The first major earthquake of magnitude Mw7.7 broke the Pazarcik and Erkenek segments moving north on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) between Turkoglu and celikhan. According to the Coulomb failure criterion, the Pazarcik earthquake (Mw7.7) increased stress on the Surgu-cardak Fault, a segment on the north splay of the EAFZ, and nine hours later the Elbistan earthquake (Mw7.6) occurred. This great event ruptured the cardak Fault, the western part of the E-W trending Surgu-cardak Fault between Nurhak and Goksun. The Amanos Fault, which extends from Turkoglu south to Antakya, broke almost simultaneously to the first Pazarcik earthquake. Similarly, the earthquake that broke the Amanos Fault transferred increased stress to its southwestern neighbour, the Cyprus-Antakya Transform Fault, triggering the 6.3 magnitude Samandag earthquake 14 days later. The February 2023 earthquakes, which caused the collapse of >100,000 buildings and the death of >50,000 people, created surface ruptures hundreds of kilometres in length and caused different displacements on different faults, the two largest of which were 4.6 and 6.7 m. On all the faults where the deadly earthquakes occurred in February 2023, inversion of the focal mechanisms of the earthquakes (main shocks and their aftershocks) indicates a transtensional stress regime, or a change from strike-slip to normal slip. For all strike-slip inversions, the R values are <0.45 indicating transtension. The stress tensors obtained indicate left-lateral movement with normal component on all faults where the earthquakes occurred. The transtensional regime, which is thought to reflect regional tectonics, is the result of forces caused by relative movements of Arabia, eastern Mediterranean and Eurasia.
İHA Destekli Dijital ve Termal Kamera Görüntülerine Dayalı Jeotermal Analiz Yöntemleri
(2015) Akçay, Özgün; Erenoğlu, Ramazan Cüneyt; Yılmaztürk, Ferruh; Karaca, Zeki; Erenoğlu, Oya
Combined Use of Standard Penetration Test and Shear Wave Velocities in Liquefaction Analysis: Çanakkale Example
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Eyisüren, Onur; Karaca, Öznur; Büyüksaraç, Aydın; Işık, Ercan
In order to investigate the liquefaction potential of the Çanakkale residential area, 151 boreholes, SPT, and 1027 classification tests were performed on disturbed samples, and 110 units of shear wave velocity (Vs) were determined by multi-channel analysis (MASW) of surface waves, and Vs values determined by underground water level information is used. Unlike previous studies, which were made using the simplified method based on SPT-N, liquefaction potential index (IL) and liquefaction risk index (IR) maps based on the standard penetration test (SPT) as well as Vs parameters were created separately for the Çanakkale settlement area. Very high IL and IR values were obtained in most of the city centers around Sarıçay. At the same time, analyses were repeated for different energy levels in order to investigate the effect of the energy coefficient, which is one of the SPT numbers of impact correction factors, on the analysis. As a result of all the analyses, it is thought that the energy level transferred in the SPT significantly affects the results, and since shear wave velocity (Vs) does not require such a correction, using SPT-N values as a reference in the analyses will reduce the negative effects that may arise from the uncertainties in field tests.

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