Lapseki Meslek Yüksekokulu Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/3546

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Preparation of composite hydrogels containing fly ash as low-cost adsorbent material and its use in dye adsorption
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Önder, Alper; Ilgın, Pınar; Özay, Hava; Özay, Özgür
Abstract: Recycling industrial wastes is necessary for the economy and the environment. Additionally, it is important to develop high-efficiency adsorbents to prevent severe water pollution caused by wastewater containing dye agents. Here, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)-fly ash composite hydrogel was synthesized with a variety of fly ash proportions with the radical polymerization method. The synthesized composite hydrogel was used for adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes from water containing dye agents. A variety of parameters such as initial dye concentration, solution pH, anion effects, temperature, contact time and adsorbent amount were investigated for optimization of the adsorption process. The poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)-fly ash composite hydrogel was determined to be an effective adsorbent to remove both the cationic dye methylene blue (1438.68 mg g−1) and the anionic dye methyl orange (646.54 mg g−1). Experimental adsorption data were assessed with a variety of isotherm and kinetic models. It was determined that the adsorption of both dye molecules abided by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters were determined as ΔH° = − 15.77 ± 5.22 kJ mol−1, ΔS = − 45.05 ± 16.42 J mol−1 K−1 and ΔG° < 0 for MB, ΔH° = − 20.13 ± 4.83 kJ mol−1, ΔS = − 72.87 ± 15.20 J mol−1 K−1 and ΔG° > 0 for MO. In conclusion, a material was synthesized that can be used as a single adsorbent composite material for both anionic and cationic dyes. In addition to the perfect adsorption capacity of this material, it offers reusability and a broad area of application for a variety of dye agents.
Sono-degradation of Reactive Blue 19 in aqueous solution and synthetic textile industry wastewater by nanoscale zero-valent aluminum
(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) İleri, Burcu; Dogu, İrem
Reactive dyes, which are commonly used in the textile industry, are toxic and carcinogenic for the ecosystem and human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the removal of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) from aqueous solution and synthetic textile industry wastewater using nanoscale zero-valent aluminum (nZVAl), ultrasonic bath (US-40 kHz), and combined US/nZVAl through the consideration of varying experimental parameters such as pH, nZVAl dosage, contact time, and initial RB19 dye concentration. The acidic pH value was an effective parameter to degrade RB19. As the nZVAl dosage and contact time increased, the degradation of RB19 dye from aqueous solution and synthetic textile industry wastewater increased using combined US/nZVAl process. A similar result was obtained for RB19 removal with combined US/nZVAl using 0.10 g dosage at 30 min, whereas it was obtained with nZVAl alone using 0.20 g dosage at 60 min. The sono-degradation process activated the nZVAl surface depending on US cavitation effect and shock waves, and increased RB19 dye uptake capacity with a shorter contact time and lower nZVAl dosage. Increasing the initial dye concentration decreased the removal efficiency for RB19. According to the obtained reusability results, nZVAl particles could be reused for four and two consecutive cycles of combined US/nZVAl and nZVAl alone, respectively.
Water retention and irrigation characteristics of Vertisols in northwestern Turkey
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Çakır, Recep; Cangir, Cemil
The study comprised the analyses of 105 soil samples, located across the Thrace region of Turkey, collected from the horizons and sub-horizons of 16 soil pedons, classified as the Haploxerert and Calcixerert Great Groups of the Vertisol Order. Fundamental soil hydraulic and irrigation management properties, such as water retention and infiltration rate of the soils were evaluatedd along with the content and type of the dominating clay mineral. Results obtained for the major properties related to irrigation management such as the total total water holding capacity (TWHC), total available moisture (TAM) and the final infiltration rate of the studied soils, showed close dependence on the varying clay contents and clay types, and varied in the ranges of 393 and 635 mm/100 cm; 128 and 244 mm/100 cm; and 1.0–80.0 mm/h, respectively. In addition, it was determined, that values of the studied hydraulic characteristics are influenced also by the relative abundance and crystallinity degree of the dominant and accompanying clay mineral; availability of cracks, hard pans, self-mulching (pedoturbation) and gilgai formation. The diversity of the morphological, physical and/or chemical properties revealed that the studied soils required distinctive approaches and techniques in terms of irrigation management. The Türkgeldi Vertisol (Türkgeldi State Farm D11 and D12 locations) is an appropriate example for decreased pedoturbation and/or maturation in physical pedogenesis and in turn development of a stable soil structure, despite the high clay size particle and ssmectite contents throughout the profile.
Soil Loss due to Sugar Beet Harvesting in Northwestern Turkey
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Parlak, Mehmet; Everest, Timuçin; Blanco-Canqui, Humberto
The impact of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) harvesting on soil loss in high sugar beet-producing regions is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify soil loss due to sugar beet harvesting, (2) identify the potential factors influencing soil loss, and (3) estimate the cost of nutrients lost with soil due to sugar beet harvesting in northwestern Turkey. Sugar beet was harvested from three representative sites in northwestern Turkey. The amount of soil and nutrients lost as well as cost of nutrients lost was computed. Additionally, soil properties including water content, bulk density, particle-size distribution, and concentrations of organic matter, nutrients, and lime were measured at the time of sugar beet harvesting to study correlations with soil loss. The mean annual soil loss due to sugar beet harvesting was 1.63 Mg ha−1 harvest−1. The amount of nutrients lost with soil was 1.84 kg ha−1 for N, 0.019 kg ha−1 for P, and 0.91 kg ha−1 for K. Soil water content, particle-size distribution, bulk density, lime, organic matter, and yield explained about 68% of the total variation in soil loss due to sugar beet harvesting. The estimated cost of nutrients lost with soil was $1.57 ha−1 per sugar beet harvest. Results show that sugar beet harvesting causes significant losses of soil and nutrients in a high sugar beet-producing region in Turkey.
Determination of agricultural land suitability with a multiple-criteria decision-making method in Northwestern Turkey
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Everest, Timuçin; Sungur, Ali; Özcan, Hasan
This study was carried out in the district of Lapseki in Çanakkale, Turkey. The suitability of land in Lapseki for agriculture was evaluated by using an analytic hierarchy process. In the study, the basic parameters were determined by using the soil map and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data. Land use capability classes, soil depth, erosion risk and other soil properties (limiting factors) were obtained from the soil map, while slope, elevation and aspect were obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data. To determine the weight of the parameters in the analytic hierarchy process, the opinions of the public institutions and experts were obtained. The obtained data were analyzed with the analytic hierarchy process and mapped with geographic information systems techniques, and a land suitability map was generated. The agricultural land suitability map demonstrated that 2.95% (2557 ha) of the lands in the study area were highly suitable; 10.37% (8989 ha) were moderately suitable; 53.47% (46,336 ha) were marginally suitable; and 33.21% (28,775 ha) were not suitable for agricultural use. The data from the agricultural land suitability map were compared with the Coordination of Information on the Environment 2012 data. As a result of comparison, 14.12% (361 ha) of highly suitable lands for agriculture and 2.25% (202 ha) of moderate suitable lands for agriculture are urbanized. It was seen that 45.71% (24,837 ha) of the lands that are marginally suitable for agriculture and 18.76% (5397 ha) of the not suitable lands had current land use for agriculture.
Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro drug release properties of AuNPs/p(AETAC-co-VI)/Q nanocomposite hydrogels
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Durmuş, Seçil; Yılmaz, Betül; Kıvanç, Mehmet Rıza; Önder, Alper; Ilgın, Pınar; Özay, Hava; Özay, Özgür
In this study, the cationic monomer [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride solution (AETAC) and vinyl imidazole (VI) were used with the free radical polymerization technique, which is a simple and rapid synthesis method, to synthesize p(AETAC-co-VI) hydrogels. To increase the density of cationic charge on the hydrogel, it underwent the protonation process with HCl. The obtained p(AETAC-co-VI)/Q hydrogel was modified with Au nanoparticles to increase bactericidal effect to obtain the AuNPs/p(AETAC-co-VI)/Q nanocomposite hydrogel. The morphology and chemical structure of the hydrogels were characterized with SEM and FTIR. Additionally, the swelling capabilities were tested in different pH media. XRD and TEM confirmed the formation of the nanocomposite hydrogel. The antibacterial activity of the hydrogels was tested against E. coli and S. aureus, and controlled release implementations were completed with sodium diclofenac (NaDc) drug. The NaDc drug release profiles of the hydrogels were researched using the Korsmeyer–Peppas model at 37 °C in different simulated buffer (pH 6.0, 7.2, and 8.0) solutions. It was found that both the hydrogel and nanocomposite hydrogel followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanisms as free release mechanism. Here, the maximum drug release efficacy was found to be 97%, and drug release was more rapid in basic media when release media were compared. The AuNPs/p(AETAC-co-VI)/Q nanocomposite hydrogels produced in this study with advanced antibacterial features were suitable for recommendation as good carriers for in vitro release of NaDc drugs in areas like the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries.
Seed morphometry and ultrastructure studies on some Turkish orchids (Orchidaceae)
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Süngü Şeker, Şenay; Akbulut, Mustafa Kemal; Şenel, Gülcan
Orchid seeds have great morphological variations that imply the phylogenetic relationship of the species depending on the biodiversity of the family or act as an adaptation to seed dispersal mechanisms depending on the life form. This study aims to both describe and analyse the qualitative and quantitative traits of 12 Turkish orchids representing epidendroids and orchidoids in detail to investigate which properties are diagnostic among these taxa and also reveal if seed properties are differentiated in relationship to the ecological preferences of the studied species. Both qualitative and quantitative features were determined, and measurements were obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy. We applied the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis to the qualitative and quantitative traits. Furthermore, we analyzed the same orchid seed in correlation with ecological traits such as habitats and the elevation preferences of species. This study confirmed the usefulness of both data sets for effectively assessing the variation of orchid seeds. Although the seed characters such as the cell shape differences in the chalazal or medial region, seed sizes, cell numbers on the longitudinal axis, and periclinal wall ornamentation are taxonomically conserved, some other characteristics such as seed shape, the absence of periclinal wall ornamentation, and larger embryo size imply ecological adaptation or developmental achievement for germination. This study confirms the diagnostic value of both qualitative and quantitative seed features, which are effective in explaining the orchid seed variety.
Paranın Yansızlığı Hipotezinin Test Edilmesi: Türkiye İçin Ekonometrik Bir Analiz
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2022) Bakır Yiğitbaş, Şehnaz
Paranın yansızlığı hipotezi, para arzındaki bir değişimin, reel GSYİH üzerinde hiçbir etkisi olmaksızın, sadece fiyatlar gibi ekonomideki nominal değişkenleri etkilediği fikrine dayanmaktadır. Bu makale, paranın yansızlığı hipotezini Türkiye ekonomisi için 1998:Q1-2021:Q3 verilerini kullanarak araştırmaktadır. Değişkenlerin bütünleşme derecesini belirlemek için PP, ADF ve KPSS dahil olmak üzere geleneksel birim kök testleri kullanılmakta; ancak bu yöntemlerde değişkenlerdeki yapısal kırılma dikkate alınmadığından, yapısal kırılmayı içeren Zivot-Andrews yöntemi de uygulanmaktadır. Model değişkenleri arasında eşbütünleşme olması durumunda paranın tarafsızlığı testi etkin olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, yapısal kırılmayı dikkate alarak eşbütünleşmeyi araştıran Gregory-Hansen testi uygulanmıştır. Gregory-Hansen eşbütünleşme testi, Türkiye’de para arzı ile reel gelir arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin var olduğunu göstererek yüzde 5 anlamlılık düzeyinde reddedilmiştir. Kanıtlar, para arzı (M2)'nin reel GSYİH'ye göre tarafsız olmadığını ve bunun klasik ve neoklasik ekonomi ile tutarsız olduğunu göstermektedir.
Türkiye Ekonomisinde Genç İşsizlik Sorunu: Yapısal Kırılmalı Birim Kök Testlerinden Kanıtlar
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2021) Yücesan, Mesut
Bu çalışmada Türkiye ekonomisi özelinde genç işsizlik sorununun kalıcı olup olmadığı diğer bir ifade ile işsizlik histerisi yaklaşımının geçerli olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Ekonometrik analizde ADF “Augmented Dickey-Fuller” ve PP “Philips-Perron” gibi geleneksel birim kök testlerine ek olarak sırası ile bir yapısal kırılmalı ve iki yapısal kırılmalı Zivot ve Andrews (1992) (ZA), Lee- Strazicich (2003) (LS), Narayan-Popp (2010) (NP) ve Kapetanios çoklu yapısal kırılmalı birim kök testleri kullanılmıştır. 2005:M1 ve 2020:M12 zaman aralığında aylık verilerin kullanıldığı çalışmada geleneksel birim kök testleri olan ADF ve PP durağanlık sınamaları sonucunda Türkiye ekonomisinde işsizlik Histerisi yaklaşımı geçerli olduğu ancak yapısal kırılmaları dikkate alan ZA, LS, NP ve Kapatenious durağanlık sınamaları sonucuna göre Türkiye ekonomisi özelinde genç işsizlik oranı ve genel işsizlik oranlarının uzun dönemde ortalamalarına geri dönme eğiliminde oldukları diğer bir ifade ile histeri yaklaşımının geçerli olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Development of melatonin-embedded PLGA-PEG6000 nanofiber biomaterial, and investigation of the effects on abdominal adhesion formation
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2024) Gökçe, Oruç Numan; Aykora, Damla; Danışman, Merve; Demir, Ufuk; Aydeğer, Cemre; Süner, Salih Can; Oral, Ayhan; Karaboğa, İhsan; Uzun, Metehan
Abdominal adhesions are still among the most common postsurgical peritoneal inflammation-related complications. Adhesion-related disorders are still highly costly and prevalent due to advances in surgical techniques, treatment methods, and various drugs. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)- polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) Nanofiber + Melatonin on the abdominal adhesion model in rats. For this purpose, PLGA-PEG6000 Nanofiber + Melatonin matrix was fabricated and implanted in an experimental abdominal adhesion model in rats. Our study consisted of an in vitro and an in vivo part. The degradation and release profile of the matrix and Melatonin (Mel) embedded matrix was performed in vitro. In vivo, the procedure was carried out with 18 Wistar male rats. Rats were divided into three groups as follows: Sham, Matrix, and Mel + Matrix, respectively. Consequent to degradation and release profiling in vitro, an experimental adhesion model was created and fabricated pure matrix (2 × 2 cm2), and matrix (2 × 2 cm2, 0.25 mg melatonin/per matrix embedded) was applied to injury area in related groups. Intra-abdominal adhesion scores were determined on post-op 21st day, under general anesthesia. Following, cecum, peritoneal tissue, and adhesive bands were harvested. Macroscopic analysis (severity of adhesion formation), Hematoxlyn&Eosin and Masson’s Trichrome staining (for the examination of the levels of infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibrosis, and neovascularization) were performed for the evaluation of the effects of Mel embedded and pure matrix Our results indicated that PLGA-PEG6000 Nanofiber + Melatonin matrix was degraded completely in rats abdominal cavity and significantly reduced adhesion formation compared to other groups macroscopically (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the histopathological analysis indicated that the fabricated matrix reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis, and neovascularization levels.
Synthesis of pyrene and pyrrole-appended fluorescent turn-off sensor toward Cr(VI) detection: Chemical oxidative and electrochemical polymerization of carboxamide
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Kaya, İsmet; Karacan Yeldir, Elif; Kolcu, Feyza; Erdener, Diğdem
A carboxylic amide compound containing pyrrole and pyrene groups, referred to as PP, was synthesized and characterized for its structural, optical, and electrochemical properties. Upon excitation with 320 nm light, PP displayed blue emission at 387 nm, which was found to be quenched due to chelate formation in the presence of Cr(VI). Conducted competition experiments involving chloride salts of Ag+, Al3+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Hg2+, K+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sn2+, and Zn2+ demonstrated the notable selectivity of compound PP towards Cr(VI) ions. This selectivity was evidenced by a pronounced turn-off fluorescent effect, attributed to a chelation-enhanced quenching (CHEQ) mechanism by the formation of 1:2 chelation between Cr(VI) and the ligand PP. Moreover, addition of EDTA to PP– Cr(VI) chelation recovered the fluorescence offering receptor PP as a reversible sensor. The PP probe demonstrated remarkable selectivity in detection Cr(VI) ions among various metallic ions, displaying a limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.106 µM. Chemical oxidative and electropolymerization methods were employed to synthesize two distinct polymers, namely Poly(PP)-O and Poly(PP)-E, respectively. The electropolymerization of PP was carried out in 0.1 M TBAF6P serving as a supporting electrolyte solution, while oxidative polymerization was conducted in the presence of FeCl3. Mass average molecular weight of the oxidative polymerization product was 5200 Da, as determined by GPC analysis. Thermal characterization was performed via TG-DTA-DTG curves. The electropolymerization product of PP coated on the ITO surface was further characterized by SEM.
Soil profile development of the Korudağı toposequence, northwest Turkey
(Institute for Ionics, 2024) Özcan, Hasan; Özger, İ.; Everest, Timuçin; Sungur, Ali
The main objective of this study was to determine the relation between soil profile development and landscape. For this purpose, a field survey was carried out on the same topography and climate to determine the soil profile development degree on different parent materials in the Korudağ Catena (Çanakkale, northwest Turkey). Seven soil profiles were excavated (each 50 m elevation between 350 and 50 m) and described based on soil taxonomy. Profile development index values of soils were calculated to compare and quantify soil horizon properties with their parent materials. The data were collected through field study and physicochemical analyses. Nine characteristics including rubification, color paling, color lightening, melanization, carbonate morphology, moist consistence, dry consistence, pH, texture and structure, were evaluated to calculate the profile development index. This index was calculated as P7 > P1 > P2 > P3 > P5 > P6 > P4, respectively. The P7 profile on the footslope position has the highest profile development due to higher moisture content and the chemical weathering process. The lowest profile development was observed in P4. This profile's topographic position (shoulder) and vegetative density are the major reason. The effect of steepness, curvature, and vegetation on controlling profile development was obvious at the P4 on the shoulder position. In the Korudağ Catena, vegetative density, slope and slope length, elevation difference, and moisture content control the pedogenic process and profile development. This study also showed the profile development changing in a catena with the same aspect, where morphological changes occur on similar parent materials at similar ages but at short distances due to erosion storage processes.
Suitable site selection by using full consistency method (FUCOM): a case study for maize cultivation in northwest Turkey
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Everest, Timuçin; Savaşkan, Gönül Selin; Or, Aykut; Özcan, Hasan
The agricultural land evaluation procedure is a valuable guide for growing plants where they are best suitable, and it has a critical role in actualizing sustainable plans for providing food security for the growing population. In agricultural land suitability analysis, different multi-criteria decision-making methods are applied. The main objective of this study is to introduce the potential usage of a new multi-criteria decision-making method the Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) in agricultural land suitability analysis. The study was carried out in the northern part of the Karamenderes plain in NW Turkey. Nine land characteristics (soil texture, soil depth, organic matter content, electrical conductivity, pH, slope, drainage, CaCO3%, and cation exchange capacity) were used for the land evaluation study. The weighting values of the land characteristics were calculated by the FUCOM. According to the results, 223 ha (6.26%) were highly suitable, 2650 ha (74.40%) were moderately suitable, 508 ha (14.26%) were marginally suitable, and 181 ha (5.08%) were not suitable for maize cultivation. The weighted values of the parameters were also tested with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Best-Worst Method (BWM). There is a general compatibility between the methodologies. The data obtained from these methods showed that analysis consists of a very positive relationship with each other. The comparisons of these methodologies showed that FUCOM’s prioritization order simplicity in parameter weighting and ability to reduce the processing intensity would provide a significant contribution and advantage to the land evaluation experts and planners. It is recommended that the Full Consistent Method could be reliably used in agricultural land suitability analysis.
Design of Poly(lactic) acid/gelatin core-shell bicomponent systems as a potential wound dressing material
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Suner, Salih Can; Oral, Ayhan; Yıldırım, Yeliz
The electrospun core-shell nanofiber has great many advantages such as different types of solvents that can be used for changing flexibility, mechanical properties, or surface chemistry of fiber. Hydrophobic Poly(lactic) acid (PLA) and hydrophilic gelatin (Gel) were electrospun by various preparation conditions to design perfect bicomponent PLA:Gel nanofiber in a core-shell structure. Solvent types, the concentration of polymeric components, flow rate, and voltage of the electrospinning process were changed to optimization of nanofiber. According to the SEM images, the best nanofiber structure without beads was obtained at 0.4 ml/h flow rate of PLA solution and 1.2 ml/h flow rate of Gel solution at 45:55 (w:w %) weight ratio of PLA:Gel in trifluoroethanol solvent with a 10 kV voltage at 10 cm distance to the collector. From the TEM images, the existence of the core-shell structure had been proved which all prepared nanofibers with 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol solvent. Furthermore, contact angle measurements showed a change in wettability when the Gel amount was increased. Therefore, the mildest synthesis conditions were determined for bicomponent PLA:Gel core-shell nanofibers as a potential wound dressing and dual drug carrier materials.
A review of aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials for analytical sample preparation: Classification according to the utilized nanomaterials
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Uğurlu, Özge; Man, Ezgi; Gök, Oğuz; Ülker, Gözde; Soytürk, Hakan; Özyurt, Canan
Background: Sample extraction before detection is a critical step in analysis. Since targets of interest are often found in complex matrices, the sample can not be directly introduced to the analytical instrument. Nanomaterials with unique physical-chemical properties are excellent supports for use in sorbent-based extraction. However, they lack selectivity and thus need to be functionalized with target-capturing molecules. Antibodies and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be used for this purpose, but they have some problems that limit their practical applications. Hence, functionalization of nanomaterials for selectivity remains a problem. Results: Nucleic acid aptamers are affinity reagents that can provide superiority to antibodies since they can be selected in vitro and at a lower cost. Moreover, aptamers can be chemically synthesized and easily modified with different functional groups. Hence, aptamers are good candidates to impart selectivity to the nanomaterials. Recent studies focus on the integration of aptamers with magnetic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks, gold nanoparticles, gold nanorods, silica nanomaterials, and nanofibers. The unique properties of nanomaterials and aptamers make the aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials attractive for use in sample preparation. Aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials have been successfully used for selective extraction of proteins, small molecules, and cells from different types of complex samples such as serum, urine, and milk. In particular, magnetic nanoparticles have a wider use due to the rapid extraction of the sample under magnetic field. Significance: In this review, we aim to emphasize how beneficial features of nanomaterials and aptamers could be combined for extraction or enrichment of the analytes from complex samples. We aim to highlight that the benefits are twofold in terms of selectivity and efficiency when employing nanomaterials and aptamers together as a single platform.
Yield and water productivity of rice grown under different irrigation methods
(Cambridge University Press, 2023) Cebi, U.; Özer, S.; Öztürk, O.; Aydın, B.; Çakır, R.
The aim of the study was to investigate the suitability of subsurface and surface drip irrigation methods in rice farming. The field studies were carried out in split plots in randomized blocks trial design, with three repetitions during 2019 and 2020 in Thrace Region/Turkiye. Irrigation methods, surface drip (DI), subsurface drip (SDI) and conventional flooding (CF) were the main treatments; however, water amounts (I1: Class A-pan evaporation rate x 1.00, I2: Class A-pan evaporation rate x 1.25, I3: Class A-pan evaporation rate x 1.50) were designed as sub-treatments of the study. The results of the statistical analyses indicated that, the rice grain yield was significantly (P < 0.01) affected by the amount of the irrigation water. According to the results; while two different drip irrigation methods did not make a difference to yield and yield components, the difference between drip irrigation and CF was significant (P < 0.01). While the grain yields reached 10.3 and 8.70 t/ha under conditions of CF control during 2019 and 2020, the highest yield values obtained from plots with drip irrigation system and the highest Class A-pan evaporation rate x pan coefficient of 1.50 were 8.10 and 6.90 t/ha during the same two study years, respectively. However, much more effective use of water was observed under conditions of drip system application providing approximately 60-70% water saving v. 20-25% yield loss. In addition, economic analysis results indicated a higher relative profit rate of 1.66 in the case of drip irrigation than 1.41 under CF application.
Do primary and secondary host plants affect aphid- parasitoid interactions in fruit orchards?
(Cambridge University Press, 2023) Kök, Şahin; Tomanović, Željko; Karabacak, Ersin; Kasap, İsmail
The aim of this study was to investigate how the primary (PHP) and secondary host plants (SHP) in the fruit orchards affect the interactions of aphids and their parasitoids in northwest Turkey during spring and summer 2020 and 2021. In total, 67 tritrophic aphid-parasitoid-host plant interactions, including new association records for Europe and Turkey, were obtained from 16 parasitoid species from the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared from 25 aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on 22 PHP and SHP in the fruit orchards. Also, we evaluated the effect of the PHP and SHP on the parasitoids, aphids and their interactions. We revealed that the species richness and the values of the biodiversity indices of the parasitoids and aphids were significantly higher on the SHP than the PHP. Similarly, the aphid-parasitoid interactions on the SHP showed greater diversity than the PHP. The results of this study clearly show that the interactions of parasitoids and aphids in the fruit orchards were more diverse on the SHP compared to the PHP.
Kinetics and Mechanism of In(III) Ions Electroreduction on Cyclically Renewable Liquid Silver Amalgam Film Electrode: Significance of the Active Complexes of In(III)-Acetazolamide
(MDPI, 2023) Nosal-Wiercinska, Agnieszka; Martyna, Marlena; Pawlak, Alicja; Bazan-Wozniak, Aleksandra; Pietrzak, Robert; Yılmaz, Selehatin; Yağmur Kabaş, Sultan
The results of kinetic measurements revealed an accelerating effect of acetazolamide (ACT) on the multistep In(III) ions electroreduction in chlorates(VII) on a novel, cyclically renewable liquid silver amalgam film electrode (R–AgLAFE). The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined by applying the DC polarography, square-wave (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was shown that ACT catalyzed the electrode reaction (“cap-pair” effect) by adsorbing on the surface of the R–AgLAFE electrode. The catalytic activity of ACT was explained as related to its ability to form active In(III)- acetazolamide complexes on the electrode surface, facilitating the electron transfer process. The active complexes constitute a substrate in the electroreduction process and their different structures and properties are responsible for differences in the catalytic activity. The determined values of the activation energy (Formula presented.) point to the catalytic activity of ACT in the In(III) ions electroreduction process in chlorates(VII). Analysis of the standard entropy values (Formula presented.) confirm changes in the dynamics of the electrode process.
Impact of Postharvest Putrescine Treatments on Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Capacity, Organic Acid Contents and Some Quality Characteristics of Fresh Fig Fruits during Cold Storage
(MDPI, 2023) Küçüker, Emine; Ağlar, Erdal; Sakaldaş, Mustafa; Şen, Fatih; Gündoğdu, Muttalip
The storage and shelf life of the fig, which has a sensitive fruit structure, is short, and this results in excessive economic losses. In a study carried out to contribute to the solution of this problem, the effect of postharvest putrescine application at different doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mM) on fruit quality characteristics and biochemical content during cold storage in figs was determined. At the end of the cold storage, the decay rate and weight loss in the fruit were in the ranges of 1.0–1.6% and 1.0–5.0 %, respectively. The decay rate and weight loss were lower in putrescine-applied fruit during cold storage. Putrescine application had a positive effect on the changes in fruit flesh firmness values. The SSC rate of fruit varied between 14 and 20%, while significant differences in the SSC rate occurred depending on storage time and putrescine application dose. With putrescine application, the decrease in the acidity rate of the fig fruit during cold storage was smaller. At the end of the cold storage, the acidity rate was between 1.5–2.5% and 1.0–5.0. Putrescine treatments affected total antioxidant activity values and changes occurred in total antioxidant activity depending on the application dose. In the study, it was observed that the amount of phenolic acid in fig fruit decreased during storage and putrescine doses prevented this decrease. Putrescine treatment affected the changes in the quantity of organic acids during cold storage, and this effect varied depending on the type of organic acid and the length of the cold storage period. As a result, it was revealed that putrescine treatments can be used as an effective method to maintain postharvest fruit quality in figs.
Synthesis of p(HEMA-co-AETAC) nanocomposite hydrogel with vinyl-function montmorillonite nanoparticles and effective removal of methyl orange from aqueous solution
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Önder, Alper; Ilgın, Pınar; Özay, Hava; Özay, Özgür
It has become crucial to develop new adsorbents to remove toxic dye wastes from wastewater to protect our existing aquatic ecosystem. Here, to remove methyl orange azo dye from aqueous solutions, a new p(HEMA-co-AETAC)/VMt nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared by using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride monomers using vinyl-based montmorillonite crosslinker. Obtained new types of crosslinker and nanocomposite hydrogels have been characterized by various analysis methods. In addition, the effects of crosslinker amount, monomer amount and pH on the swelling behavior of nanocomposite hydrogel were investigated. The effects of essential parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration, pH effect of the solution, adsorbent amount, and temperature on adsorption were evaluated. It was determined that there was no significant change in the adsorption ability of the nanocomposite hydrogel in the pH range of 3–10. Experimental results showed that the Langmuir isotherm model fit better, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 961.54 mg/g. In addition, it was determined that vinyl-based montmorillonite used as a crosslinker supported MO adsorption. p(HEMA-co-AETAC)/VMt nanocomposite hydrogel may be a new type of adsorbent to remove toxic synthetic dye residues from aqueous media.

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