Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/2608

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Discrimination of water stress in pepper using thermography and leaf turgor pressure probe techniques
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Çamoğlu, Gökhan; Demirel, Kürşad; Kahrıman, Fatih; Akçal, Arda; Nar, Hakan; Boran, Ahmet; Eroğlu, İlker; Genç, Levent
The use of technology is spreading rapidly in modern agriculture with remote sensing and sensor technologies becoming more important. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibilities of determining the water stress level and irrigation time in peppers using leaf pressure probes based on turgor pressure and thermography techniques. An experiment consisting of four different irrigation treatments (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%) was conducted in Canakkale province, Turkey in the 2017–2018 summer growing seasons. During this seasons, leaf turgor pressure (Pp) and soil moisture levels were recorded in real time by a remote monitoring system. Thermographic measurements were taken before each irrigation. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and regression tree methods. Results show that both Pp and thermal data significantly differed according to water stress. Pp values decreased partially after irrigation and increased until the next irrigation. However, it was observed that it is not enough to decide the irrigation time using results obtained from graphical readings only. Models including meteorological features strengthen the decision-making models. According to the classification and regression tree analysis, it was revealed that there is a potential to separate the treatments, especially in models including thermal indices. Leaf turgor pressure data and thermal indices, which are plant-based monitoring techniques, have the potential to be used in determining irrigation time and distinguishing water stress in the pepper plant. However, there is a need for more studies especially in laboratory conditions, to understand the mechanisms in plants and how environmental conditions affect the responses of Pp probes.
Quantification of LULC Changes and Urbanization Effects on Agriculture Using Historical Landsat Data in North-West Anatolia, Turkey
(HARD Publishing Company, 2021) İnalpulat, Melis; Genç, Levent
The Present study focused on investigation of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes within three basins located in North-West part of Anatolia region, Turkey. The study area consisted of six provinces with 41 districts. Visible, near-infrared and shortwave-infrared bands of Landsat imageries, acquired in production seasons of 1984, 1999, and 2014, served as main data source. The area is covered by six Landsat scenes. Supervised classification maximum likelihood algorithm was adopted whereas LULC classes were considered as forest (F), grazing-other vegetation (G-O), agriculture (A), water surface (W), and residential area-bare soil (R-B). Prior to the classification process, scenes were subset according to district boundaries, and district-level images were classified to improve the classification precision, and then mosaicked to obtain LULC1984, LULC1999 and LULC2014 maps. The reliabilities of maps were evaluated by accuracy assessments using 900 stratified randomized control points with minimum of 90 points per class. LULC changes were evaluated in two terms; changes within study area (WSA) (ha, %) and changes within class area (WCA) (%). Moreover, distributions of class areas along three basins were presented. Finally, past statuses of each class were compared, particularly, impacts of urbanization on agriculture were highlighted, and population change patterns were evaluated as main underlying reason.
A method for the determination of urban transformation areas in Kocaeli
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Salihoğlu, Tayfun; Albayrak, Ayşe Nur; Eryılmaz, Yaşasın
With changes in urbanization dynamics in the world, transformation issues and approaches have also changed. New approaches are needed to determine intervention areas and priorities, especially in situations that affect the whole city, such as disaster risks. In this study, the subject of the case of Kocaeli (Turkey) has been examined, and a methodology for evaluating urban space in terms of urban transformation has been developed. The study is rooted in the following research questions: Is it possible to determine urban transformation zones by scoring urban areas? How could urban space be classified by using components that represent different problems in urban space in terms of urban transformation? For this purpose, a geographic database with weighted scores was created by using three main components: Problems in the Built Environment, Disaster Risks, and Lack of Urban Services. Local Moran's I was calculated to test the type of distribution and its significance on cells. Grouping Analysis was run by using each component's scores in significantly clustered cells as inputs. As a result, six regions were revealed in the entire urban area of Kocaeli. The results signal a well-established method for discovering and representing both the unique and identical nature of urban space regarding urban transformation. The method enables decision makers to develop area-specific policies and strategies in the process of preparing urban transformation master plans.
Kentleşmenin Tarım Alanları Üzerine Etkisinin Uzaktan Algılama ile İncelenmesi – Çanakkale Örneği
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2018-07-17) Özelkan, Emre; Sağlık, Alper; Sümer, Sarp Korkut; Bedir, Mustafa; Kelkit, Abdullah
Bu çalışmada, çok zamanlı uydudan uzaktan algılama ile kent alanlarındaki genişlemenin tarım alanları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma alanı Türkiye’nin batısında bulunan ve tarımsal zenginliği ile ünlü Çanakkale ilinin merkez ilçesi olarak seçilmiştir. Öncelikle Landsat uydu görüntüleri coğrafi nesne tabanlı görüntü analizi (GEOBIA) yöntemi ile sınıflandırılarak çalışma alanının güncel arazi örtüsü haritası oluşturulmuştur. Sonrasında yıllar içerisindeki kent ve tarım alanlarındaki değişim tespit edilmiştir. Sınıflandırma işleminde nesnelerin sınıf atanmasında uydu görüntülerinden elde edilen indis görüntüleri (normalize fark bitki örtüsü indisi (NDVI), normalize fark yapılaşma indisi (NDBI), nem stres indisi (MSI), modifiye normalize fark su indisi (MNDWI)) kullanılmıştır. Genel sınıflandırma doğruluğu %85 ve üzeri olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen tarım alanları sınıfı, Çanakkale Tarım Gıda ve Hayvancılık İl Müdürlüğü’nde oluşturulmuş kadastro bilgileri ile doğrulanmıştır ve iyileştirilmiştir. Uzaktan algılama yöntemleri ile elde edilen çok zamanlı alansal değişim verileri, nüfus, ürün miktarı ve verim değerleri ile regresyon analizi kullanarak ilişkilendirilmiştir. Kent alanlarındaki yayılmanın daha çok şehrin bitişiğindeki tarım arazileri üzerine yoğunlaştığı ve baskı yaptığı ve kentleşmedeki yayılma ile tarım alanları arasında yüksek bir negatif korelasyon (r=-0,985) olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Hyperspectral Analysis of Grapevine Water Stress
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020-12-29) Özelkan, Emre; Karaman, Muhittin; Candar, Serkan; Özelkan, Ertunga Cem; Örmeci, Cankut
Viticulture is very sensitive to water stress, which is critical and influenced by all environmental factors, relating to the crop quality and productivity of vineyards. In this study, water stress was examined in veraison and harvest stages for nine different species with spectroradiometric measurements. Leaf water potential (LWP) values from field measurements and original spectra-based (OSB) and continuum removed spectra-based (CRSB) curves were analyzed with correlation and regression analysis to find the highest related wavelengths. The analysis was done for both specific dates of field measurements (i.e. 08.08.2012 and 06.09.2012) and also in aggregate i.e. all measured data. The specific date wavelength-based analysis revealed the “red edge region” as a major water stress indicator. The highest correlated wavelength was found to be 684 nm of CRSB curves with R=0.988. For the aggregate wavelength-based water stress analysis, the “violet and green regions” were identified as the best indicators. The highest correlated wavelength was found to be 410 nm of OSB curves with R=0.820. Furthermore, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) testing indicates that the results are significant at relatively high confidence levels. The spectral-based method performed in this study provides fast, flexible, and non-destructive water stress measurements of grapevines when compared to classical methods.

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