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Öğe Multiple exposure to thunderstorm-sound in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): physiological response and stress recovery(Sciendo, 2023) Kuşku, Halit; Yiğit, Murat; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Yiğit, Ümüt; Ergün, SebahattinThe present study investigated the impacts of multiple thunderstorm-sound exposures on growth and respiratory parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in order to evaluate the acoustic stress response. Thunderstorm-sound exposure for 3 hours triggered respiration speed with an alarm reflex and rapid elevation of opercula beat rate (OBR) and pectoral wing rate (PWR), which increased two-fold over the control with no sound treatment, and peaked (OBR, 71.33±5.86 beat/min; PWR, 75.00±3.61 beat/min) in 10 hours after initiation of sound. Thereafter, respiration rates declined over the following days and returned to near-initial levels (45.33±4.04 beat/min OBR and 43.00±1.00 beat/min PWR) by day 3, an indication that fish recovered from thunderstorm-sound stress after 3 days of exposure. However, the same reaction course was observed each time of multiple sound exposures, repeated 20 times in a row with 4-day intervals, underlining that fish could not attune to repeated thunderstorm sound. Reduced voluntary feed intake as a result of anxiety and appetite loss was recorded in fish exposed to multiple thunderstorm sound, resulting in 50% less growth compared to those without sound treatment by the end of the 80-day experimentation. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor fish behavior during the 3-day stress period after a thunderstorm event in order to prevent waste from excess feeding, that in turn may contribute environment-friendly aquaculture for the future and sustainability of the oceans.Öğe Anthocyanins: Metabolic Digestion, Bioavailability, Therapeutic Effects, Current Pharmaceutical/Industrial Use, and Innovation Potential(MDPI, 2023) Ayvaz, Hüseyin; Cabaroğlu, Turgut; Akyıldız, Asiye; Uysal Pala, Çiğdem; Temizkan, Rıza; Ağcam, Erdal; Ayvaz, ZaydeIn this work, various concepts and features of anthocyanins have been comprehensively reviewed, taking the benefits of the scientific publications released mainly within the last five years. Within the paper, common topics such as anthocyanin chemistry and occurrence, including the biosynthesis of anthocyanins emphasizing the anthocyanin formation pathway, anthocyanin chemistry, and factors influencing the anthocyanins’ stability, are covered in detail. By evaluating the recent in vitro and human experimental studies on the absorption and bioavailability of anthocyanins present in typical food and beverages, this review elucidates the significant variations in biokinetic parameters based on the model, anthocyanin source, and dose, allowing us to make basic assumptions about their bioavailability. Additionally, special attention is paid to other topics, such as the therapeutic effects of anthocyanins. Reviewing the recent in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies on the therapeutic potential of anthocyanins against various diseases permits a demonstration of the promising efficacy of different anthocyanin sources at various levels, including the neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and anticancer effects. Additionally, the studies on using plant-based anthocyanins as coloring food mediums are extensively investigated in this paper, revealing the successful use of anthocyanins in coloring various products, such as dietary and bakery products, mixes, juices, candies, beverages, ice cream, and jams. Lastly, the successful application of anthocyanins as prebiotic ingredients, the innovation potential of anthocyanins in industry, and sustainable sources of anthocyanins, including a quantitative research literature and database analysis, is performed.Öğe Effects of dietary walnut (Juglans regia) leaves extract on immunity, gene expression responses, and disease resistance in Oreochromis niloticus(Academic Press, 2023) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Ergün, Sebahattin; Ahmadifar, Ehsan; Abdel-Latif, Hany M. R.; Çelik, Ekrem ŞanverThe dietary effects of walnut leaf extract (WLE) on the growth, immunity, and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus to bacterial infection have been investigated. Five diets were prepared with various WLE doses of 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg, termed as Con (control), WLE250, WLE500, WLE750, and WLE1000, respectively. Fish (11.67 ± 0.21 g) were fed these diets for 60 days and then challenged with Plesiomonas shigelloides. Before the challenge, it was observed that dietary WLE did not significantly affect the growth, blood proteins (globulin, albumin, and total protein), and liver function enzymes (ALT and AST) activities. The WLE250 group significantly increased serum SOD and CAT activities more than other groups. The serum immunological indices (lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities) and hematological parameters (phagocytic activity %, phagocytic index, respiratory burst activity, and potential activity) were significantly increased in the WLE groups compared with the Con group. The expression of IgM heavy chain, IL-1β, and IL-8 genes were significantly upregulated in all WLE-supplemented groups in comparison with the Con group. The fish survival rates (SR; %) post challenge in the Con, WLE250, WLE500, WLE750 and WLE1000 groups were 40.0%, 49.3%, 86.7%, 73.3%, and 70.7%, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier survivorship curves illustrated that the highest SR% was found in the WLE500 group (86.7%) amongst the other groups. Accordingly, we can suggest that feeding O. niloticus with a diet supplied with WLE at a dose rate of 500 mg/kg over 60 days could enrich haemato-immune responses and increase the fish survival against the challenge with P. shigelloides. These results recommend using WLE as a herbal dietary supplement to substitute antibiotic use in aquafeed.Öğe Analysis of the economic performance of salmon farming in submerged and surface cages in the Black Sea(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Yiğit, Umut; Yiğit, Murat; Ergün, Sebahattin; Kuşku, Halit; Ek, Hüseyin; Maita, MasashiThe production period for salmon farming in the Black Sea comprises the winter period and is limited to seven months, due to high water temperatures during the summer time. As an alternative strategy, temporary cage submersion during the summer season might be a solution for salmon grow-out throughout the year. Therefore, this study was conducted for comparative evaluation of economic performance of submerged and surface cages, by analyzing structural costs and returns for Turkish salmon farming in the Black Sea. As a result of the temporary cage submersion strategy, economic profits increased by nearly 70%, granting higher values of financial indicators with increased net profit (685,652.5 $ year−1) and margin of safety (89.6%), compared to the traditional surface cage (397,058.5 $ year−1 net profit and 88.4% margin of safety). The “What-if” analysis showed that profits from both cage systems were sensitive to variations in sale price, and the simulation by 10% reduced export market value may decrease revenues, with less financial profit loss for the submerged cage over the surface once. Hence, temporary cage submersion seems to be an alternative farm management strategy with extended production cycle and higher profits for the sustainable development of Turkish salmon farming in the Black Sea.Öğe Dietary effect of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract mitigates hepatic disorders caused by oxidized fish oil in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Terzi, Funda; Demirci, Beste; Acar, Ümit; Yüksel, Süleyman; Salum, Çagatay; Erol, Hüseyin Serkan; Kesbiç, Osman SabriThe major goal of this study was to determine the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on liver damage in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that was caused by the consumption of dietary oxidized fish oil (OFO). Rainbow trout were fed six different experimental diets coded OX-GSE 0 (OFO diet), OX-GSE 1 (OFO and 0.1% GSE), OX-GSE 3 (OFO and 0.3% GSE), GSE 0 (fresh fish oil and 0.0% GSE), GSE 1 (fresh fish oil and 0.1% GSE), and GSE 3 (fresh fish oil and 0.3% GSE) for 30 days. The lowest % hepatosomatic index (HSI) result was calculated in fish fed with OX-GSE 0 and the highest HSI was determined in fish fed with GSE 1 diets (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes significantly increased OX-GSE 0 and GSE 3 compared to GSE 1 diets (p < 0.05). Deposition of lipid droplets in hepatocytes was significantly increased in OX-GSE 0 and OX-GSE 3 groups than others (p < 0.05). Liver biochemistry parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly affected by OX and GSE treatments (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) among the liver enzymes analyzed in serum in OX and GSE (p < 0.05), meanwhile no difference was observed in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values between groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, liver biochemistry and histopathology of rainbow trout consuming diets containing oxidized fish oil were negatively affected. However, it was determined that the supplementation of 0.1% GSE to the diet had a significant ameliorative role in these adverse effects.Öğe Pelagic larval duration and early growth of striped seabream, Lithognathus mormyrus inhabiting the Gokceada shallow waters, Turkey(Arman Darya INC, 2021) Ayyıldız, Hakan; Altın, AytaçOtolith microstrure analysis was used to determine the pelagic larval duration (PLD), daily age, growth rates, hatching periods, and the mortality rates of the young of the year (YOY) striped seabream from Gokceada, Turkey. This study was carried out in shallow waters (0-20 m) off the Gokceada Island, Turkey, from June 2013 through June 2014. A total of 632 YOY striped seabream, Lithognathus mormyrus were measured and daily ages determined. Estimated ages from otolith daily growth increments (DGI) were found 28-218 days old. The indices for determining variability in daily age estimates (APE and CV) were 4.1 and 5.8%, respectively. The mean daily growth rate of YOY striped seabream was calculated as 0.317 mm/day. Individuals with YOY sea stingrays have been found to remain in the pelagic larval duration for an average of 26 days and settled in the demersal environment after the 26th days. The hatching times of striped seabream were backcalculated to occur between April and January, with relatively higher hatching frequencies in July and December. The instantaneous mortality coefficient was found as 0.0461, which represented around 4.61% of daily mortality. Sagittal otolith length (OL), width (OW), and radius (OR) were observed in the ranges of 0.741-3.283 mm, 0.586-1.921 mm, and 0.259-1.626 mm, respectively. Relationships between total length and otolith morphometric measurements (OL, OW, and OR) were described by linear equations.Öğe The Use of Color to Determine Fish Freshness: European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)(Taylor and Francis Group, 2021) Erdağ, Mehmet; Ayvaz, ZaydeIn this study, the relationship between color and the quality of fish was investigated. Additionally, how the color properties alter as a result of whether the fish is kept in cold water during the storage was also observed. For this purpose, the color changes on both halves of the sea bass (the bottom side dipped in cold water (WS: wet side) and the top side exposed to air (AR: air side)) were analyzed during 4 degrees C storage by computer-based image analysis (CBI). The eyes, gills, and skin of the samples were monitored separately. Along with the color measurements, some freshness parameters, including total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), TVC (total viable count), quality index method (QIM), and Torry score sensory analysis were assessed. The results indicated that the shelf life of sea bass was six days. High correlations were obtained between CBI results and the freshness parameters analyzed (min R-2 = 0.844). Among the CBI analyses of skin, gill, and eye segmentation, the best results were achieved via monitoring the skin color. Regardless of the side of the fish (AS or WS) used, our study has revealed that applicable color parameters for the determination of shelf life of sea bass are a* and b*.Öğe Physical carrying capacity of a potential aquaculture site in the Mediterranean: the case of Sigacik Bay, Turkey(Springer, 2021) Yigit, Murat; Ergün, Sebahattin; Büyükateş, Yeşim; Ateş, Abdullah Suat; Özdilek, Hasan GökselThe aim of the present study was to evaluate physical carrying capacity of a potential cage aquaculture site near a Cittaslow area in the northern part of the Mediterranean (Sigacik Bay, Turkey). Developing tools for timely management of marine aquaculture facilities are important to minimize harmful influences of fish farming. The physical carrying capacity was estimated by mathematical formulations previously developed for the same area, using data of topographical characteristics of the site, production capacities, and leased area information of fish farms in total. Based on the findings of the present study, estimated physical carrying capacity of the potential aquaculture site with a total area of 38.9 ha near the Cittaslow residential area of “Sigacik Bay” was found as 27,694 tons of fish production which is more than 2-fold of the present production level that is around 11,800 tons in the area. Therefore, it might be concluded from a physical point of view that the production level of the present cage farms in Sigacik Bay is below risk levels.Öğe Aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) Assemblages in the Streams of Biga Peninsula (Marmara-Turkey) and Their Seasonal Variations(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2018-12-26) Odabaşı, Serpil; Cirik, Semra; Arslan, Naime: In the present study, aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) fauna and environmental parameters from 15 predetermined stations in Sarıçay, Karamenderes, Tuzla, and Kocabaş streams in Biga Peninsula (NorthWest Anatolia) were seasonally studied. Benthic samplings were collected via Hess Sampler and Ekman Birge Grab. During benthic samplings, temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were analysed on-site whereas chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and water quality parameters such as PO4-P, and NO3-N were analysed in laboratory. In this study, a total of 340.993 individuals of Oligochaeta belonging 33 different taxawere obtained. The family Naididae had the highest number of species (29 taxa); and followed by Enchytraeidae (2 taxa) and Lumbriculidae (2 taxa).It was demonstrated through Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) that species that are tolerant to organic pollution, including Potamothrix hammoniensis (Michaelsen, 1901), Tubifex tubifex Müller, 1774, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede, 1862 are dominant in the stations located in sub tributary basins. In addition, Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum Stolc, 1886, Mesenchytraeus sanguineus Nielsen & Christensen, 1959 and Enchytraeus christenseni Dozsa-Farkas, 1992, found in this study, are recorded for the first time for the aquatic Oligochaeta Fauna in Turkey.Öğe Bilgisayarlı Görüntüleme Teknolojileri ile Hamsi (Engraulis encrasicolus) ve Sardalye (Sardina pilchardus)’nın Depolama Sürecinde Renk Paramentelerinin İncelenmesi ve Bazı Kalite Parametreleri İle Karşılaştırılması(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2019-12-24) Ayvaz, Zayde; Gündüz, Hatice; Erdağ, Mehmet; Selçuk, Büminhan Burkay; Ak, EbruRenk, önemli bir balık tazelik belirleyicisidir. Balık derisinin, gözlerinin ve solungaçların rengi tazelik hakkında bazı ipuçları vermektedir. Ancak renk, birçok sebepten dolayı kişiden kişiye değişir (renk körlüğü, ışık, tüketici deneyimi vb.). Bilgisayarlı görüntüleme teknolojisi (BGT), bu bilgilerin sayılabilir, tekrarlanabilir ve objektif olması için geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, hamsi (Engraulis encrasicolus) ve sardalye (Sardina pilchardus) balıklarının BGT kullanarak renklerini belirlenmiş ve depolama boyunca değişimleri izlenmiştir. Analiz edilen diğer kalite parametreleri: toplam uçucu bazik nitrojen (TVB-N), toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri (TAMB), su aktivitesi, kuru madde (%) ve pH analizleridir. Renk değişimlerinin bazı kalite parametreleri ile ilişkisinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Hamsi ve sardalye için iki farklı depolama sıcaklığı (4°C±2 ve oda sıcaklığı) belirlenmiştir. 4±2°C depolanan hamsi grubunun depolamanın 3. gününde TVB-N, TAMB, pH değerleri sırasıyla 51,60 mg/100g, 4,69 kob/g ve 6,33 değerlerine ulaşmıştır. 4°C depolanan sardalye grubunun ise depolamanın 3. gününde TVB-N, TAMB, pH değerleri sırasıyla 50,09 mg/100g, 4,69 kob/g ve 6,38 değerlerine ulaşmıştır. Oda sıcaklığında depolanan hamsi grubunun depolamanın 2. gününde TVB-N, TAMB, pH değerleri sırasıyla 67,44 mg/100g, 5,78 kob/g ve 6,64 iken aynı depolama sıcaklığında depolanan sardalye grubunda depolamanın 2. gününde bu değerler sırasıyla 77,91 mg/100g, 5,78 kob/g ve 6,87 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Renk parametreleri sonuçlarına göre hamsi ve sardalye örneklerinde zamana ve sıcaklığa bağlı olarak L* değerinde düzenli azalış, a* ve b* değerlerinde ise düzenli artış takip edilmiştir. Bu artış ve azalışlar istatistik açıdan önemli bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Kalite parametreleri ile renk analizi sonuçları arasındaki korelasyon sonuçlarına göre ise hamsi balığında b* değerinin ve sardalyede ise a* değerinin en iyi sonuçları verdiği görülmüştür. Buna göre bu parametrelerin takibi kalite açısından önemli ipuçları vereceği öngörülmektedir.
