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Öğe Decellularization of bovine spinal cord meninges via supercritical CO2 and evaluating the extracellular matrix performance for neural tissue engineering applications(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2024) Kurt, Tuğçe; Özüdoğru, Eren; Cengiz, Uğur; Derkuş, B.; Arslan, Yavuz Emre[No abstract available]Öğe A comparative study on removal of boron via pervaporation and vacuum membrane distillation using zirconium metal-organic framework-loaded poly(lactic acid) membrane(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Nigiz, Filiz Uğur; Tan, Burcu; Bektaş, Tijen Ennil; Karakoca, BetülBoron mineral is very important for the life. However, exceeding the standards of boron minerals, especially in water to be used as domestic water, causes health and environmental problems. The commercial method used to separate boron minerals from water is reverse osmosis. In recent years, promising results have been obtained with the membrane distillation (MD) method. However, another method that is as effective as this method is pervaporation (PV). The most important component that affects performance in both methods is the membranes. In this study, zirconium-based metal organic framework (MOF) material was synthesized and added to the polylactic acid (PLA) membrane and boron was removed by pervaporation and membrane distillation methods. While the selective layered asymmetric membrane was prepared for pervaporation, porous membranes were prepared for membrane distillation. The effect of MOF additive on the morphology, mechanical strength, and separation properties of the membrane was investigated. Additionally, the effects of boron concentration and temperature on the separation performance in both methods were examined. As a result, the mechanical strength of membranes with MOF added increased significantly from 2.41 to 8.20 MPa. 99.9% boron removal was achieved in both methods. While the highest flux value was calculated as 8 kg/m2h in pervaporation at 6 ppm boron concentration, it was calculated as 11.33 kg/m2h in membrane distillation.Öğe Valorization of waste biomass derived activated carbon @expanded graphite for intensification of thermal characteristics of RT24 phase change material through shape-stabilization(Elsevier, 2025) Gowthami, D.; Sharma, R. K.; Kar, Turgay; Sarı, Ahmet; Arslanoğlu, Hasan; Eren, Sena; Gençel, OsmanThe basic philosophy of this work is to create cleaner energy alternative materials for solar thermal energy storage applications. This experimental evaluation focuses on elevating the thermal characteristics of Rubitherm paraffin (RT24) by incorporating a hybrid matrix for shape stabilization. The hybrid matrix was fabricated by infusing expanded graphite (EG) (5 wt% and 10 wt%) into carbonized sugar beet pulp and vinasse wastes (BAC). The shape-stabilization of RT24 was carried out in vacuum to achieve uniform dissipation. The synthesized hybrid supporting matrices were adequately porous with highest BET surface area of 411.25 m2/g after adding EG(5 wt%) to BAC. According to TGA analysis BAC/RT24, BAC@5%EG/RT24(45 %) and BAC@10%EG/RT24 (60 %) were highly resistant to heat with corresponding mass loss of 39.4 %, 44.7 % and 59.8 % at around 280 degrees C. In accordance with XRD and FTIR analysis PCM composites have not displayed structural or chemical transformation due to the presence of EG or BAC. The melting and solidifying latent heat values of BAC@10% EG/RT24(60 %) were measured as 132.15 J/g and 129.42 J/g respectively. Also, BAC/RT24, BAC@5%EG/RT24 (45 %) and BAC@10%EG/RT24(60 %) have revealed high thermal reliability after performing 1000 thermal cycles with a variation of about 3 % in melting latent heat, thus signifying their adaptability into latent heat storage (LHS) systems. Thermal conductivity of the shape-stable BAC/RT24 composite was increased by 300 % compared to pure RT24 PCM as a result of adding 10 wt% EG to the composite. Especially BAC@10%EG/RT24 (60 %) composite can be utilized as cleaner energy alternative material for building solar thermal implementation because it had relatively higher LHS capacity and thermal conductivity value.Öğe Fabrication and characterization electrospun clinoptilolite filled polylactic acid composite membrane: purification of multiple impurities from water(Elsevier, 2025) Kahraman, Seniyecan; Katırcı, Ayşenur; Aytaç, Ayşe; Veli, Sevil; Nigiz, Filiz UğurIn this study, electrospun clinoptilolite (Clp)- polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite membranes were produced and used for dyestuff (methylene blue, MB), oil (soybean oil), microplastic (Polyamide 66, PA66), and Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LAS) rejection from simulated gray water. The membrane's physical, chemical, thermal, morphological, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties were investigated regarding Clp incorporation. According to the characterization results, the empirical porosity of the membrane was found to be between 79 % and 83 %. The PLA membrane's water uptake capacity, surface hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength were improved with Clp incorporation. All membranes show antimicrobial effects against both gram-positive and negative bacteria. According to the filtration test results, MB separation was above 90 %. The highest oil rejection was found to be 87.84 % using 4 wt% Clp loaded membrane. All membranes rejected 100 % of microplastic. 66.6 % of LAS rejection was achieved with 3 wt% Clp loaded membrane. All separation and characterization results show that Clp-doped PLA membranes have the potential to be used as a filtration membrane that can simultaneously separate all impurities from water.Öğe Biosorption of rhodamine B and sunset yellow dyes on cross-linked chitosan-alginate biocomposite beads: Experimental and theoretical studies(Elsevier, 2025) Şenol, Zeynep Mine; Arslanoğlu, Hasan; Keskin, Zehra Seba; Mehmeti, Valbone; El Messaoudi, NoureddineThis research explores the biosorption of Rhodamine B (Rd-B) and Sunset Yellow (SY) dyes using cross-linked chitosan-alginate (Ch-A) biocomposite beads, combining experimental investigations with theoretical studies to elucidate the biosorption mechanisms. The biocomposite beads were synthesized through an eco-friendly cross-linking method, and their structural properties were characterized using various characterization techniques. Complementary theoretical studies using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations provided insights into the molecular interactions between the dyes and the biocomposite beads. ChA maximal biosorption capacity for Rd-B and SY was determined using the Langmuir model to be 43.6 mg g- 1 and 25.1 mg g- 1, respectively. Kinetic analysis elucidated that the biosorption process for Rd-B followed the pseudo first order (PFO) model and SY followed the pseudo second order (PSO) model. According to the thermodynamic characteristics, Rd-B and SY adsorb spontaneously and endothermically on Ch-A. In conjunction, MC and MD calculations were applied to probe the interactions between Rd-B and SY molecules and the Ch-A biocomposite beads, providing compelling evidence of robust binding interactions such as hydrogen bonds, electrostatic attractions, and it-it interactions. These theoretical insights were subsequently aligned with empirical observations, affirming a significant relation between the theoretical and experimental data. This study highlights the significance of combining experimental data with theoretical models to advance the development of environmentally friendly materials for water purification.Öğe Recovery of valuable metals from spent hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts: A comprehensive research review and specific industrial cases(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Yu, Haoran; Liu, Shuo; Yaras, Ali; Enkhchimeg, Battsengel; Hu, Linchao; Zhang, Wenyi; Peng, Mingguo; Arslanoğlu, HasanSpent hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts, produced in the petroleum refining process, are usually classified in hazardous solid waste. Recovery of valuable metals from spent HDS catalyst not only reduce substantially environmental risk but is an important way to alleviate global resource shortages for high-valuable metals. This study reviews numerous references regarding to recovery valuable metals from spent HDS catalyst in last decades, and divided current methods into three processes: pretreatment, oxidation-leaching, and separationpurification processes. Roasting and solvent washing usually emerge as primary methods in the pretreatment process, and effectively eliminate the surface oily substances and sulfur. Sodium salt roasting-leaching are considered as higher efficient among all leaching methods. The application of organic acid in the leaching can separate valuable metals selectively and simplify subsequent purification steps. In separation-purification processes, solvent extraction is still a standout method to isolate challenging metals such as Mo, W and V. However, the burgeoning field of ion imprinting technology exhibits the promising potential. Additionally, Random Forest and XGBoost model are used to analyze reported methods to recovery Mo and Ni and predict the key factor to regulate recovery efficiency. The results show that Mo recovery process is depended on the spent HDS characteristics and solid-liquid ratio in leaching process, while Ni recovery processes is depended on the roasting time and roasting temperature. Finally, serval specific industrial cases on recycling valuable metals from spent HDS were given, and found that sodium salt roasting-water leaching process was still frequent used in practical application due to its characteristics of high efficiency and low cost.Öğe Integrated waste reduction by production of bio-magnetic adsorbents via copyrolysis of waste red mud and residual sugar beet pulp: Target zero waste(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Sağlam, Semanur; Türk, Feride N.; Arslanoğlu, HasanRed mud, a waste of the aluminum plant, is the result of calcination of bauxite ore with sodium hydroxide at high temperature and concentration. This waste, which is the fearful dream of alumina production factories, attracts attention with its rich iron content. In this study, magnetic activated carbon (MAC) was obtained from the co- pyrolysis of sugar beet pulp and red sludge. The removal of basic yellow basic yellow 5 GL (BY5GL) dyestuff from aqueous solutions was investigated with the obtained MAC. MAC was characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, SEM-EDX, DSC, VSM and BET surface area. VSM analysis revealed a magnetism of 46.11 emu/g. RSM Taguchi statistical analysis was utilized. According to the L16 orthogonal array consisting of 4 factors and 4 levels, the optimum MAC was obtained at 800 degrees C, 120 min, 5 impregnation and 0.5 biomass/K2CO3 ratio. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm equations were applied. Pseudo-first, pseudo- second and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were analyzed. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo- second kinetic model gave the best results. It was observed that pH was the most effective parameter for BY5GL adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 175.4 mg.g-1 at pH 7, 20 degrees C, 360 min contact time, 5 g.L-1 adsorbent dosage and 50 mg.L-1 dyestuff concentration. Activation energy and thermodynamic parameters of the adsorbent were also investigated for dyestuff adsorption.Öğe Innovative Geopolymer Tiles for Indoor Humidity Control: A Comparative Study of Moisture Buffering Performance(Amer Chemical Soc, 2025) Akarken, Gürkan; Yıldırım, Yıldız; Cengiz, UğurGeopolymers have attracted increasing attention due to their unique properties in the construction industry. In this work, innovative geopolymer tiles were evaluated regarding their potential to control indoor relative humidity as a passive construction material. Our production process systematically develops geopolymer tiles with elevated moisture buffering capabilities using four distinct metakaolins and one commercial metakaolin to make a comparison. A critical metric for evaluating hygroscopic materials' capacity to control the indoor humidity change is the moisture buffer value (MBV). The geopolymer tiles' MBV was determined by the Nordtest method in a controlled climate chamber. Additionally, a custom-designed moisture buffer test and strength measurements were conducted, including inspections of the physical appearance after the tiles were submerged in water for 7 days. The results indicate that the geopolymer tiles exhibit exceptional moisture buffering performance, with MBV values ranging between 5.68 and 7.94 (g/m2 Delta%HR). These are the highest and one of the first values for geopolymer tile moisture buffer values in the literature so far. The text discusses the advantages and superior performance of these tiles compared with conventional methods, supported by mechanical, morphological, and structural analyses.Öğe Improved packaging performance of olive tree-based biochar-loaded poly(lactic acid) films(Bulgarska Akademiya na Naukite, 2024) Nigiz, Filiz Uğur; Özyörü, Z.İ.; Balcı, S.Petroleum-containing packaging materials have created serious ecological problems for the environment due to their resistance to biological degradation. In this context, the use of biodegradable films as alternative to packaging materials is gaining importance. Among various biopolymers, poly(lactide) (PLA) is an effective and durable material. However, the mechanical strength of PLA polymer is low. In addition, its vapor permeability is high, which limits the use of this material. Biochar (BC) is an additive that can be produced from many wastes and acts as a fertilizer in the soil. Adding it to the PLA material makes the packaging film completely compostable and improves its properties. In this study, biochar was synthesized from olive pruning waste by the slow pyrolysis method. Biochar was added to the PLA films in different ratios (5, 10, 15, 20 wt.%). The packaging properties of the films were investigated. Specific surface area (BET), biochar yield, and ash content, as well as tensile strength, swelling, water vapor permeability, and opacity of the films were determined. Owing to the high lignin rate and low volatile matter in the olive branch, biochar was produced with a yield of 29.75%. When the BC concentrations of the films increased, the water vapor permeability capacity gradually decreased from 4.43% to 1.36%. The maximum tensile strength value was obtained as 14.91 MPa for 5 wt.% biochar-loaded PLA films. © 2024 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Union of Chemists in Bulgaria.Öğe Electrochromic supercapacitor electrodes based on viologen-derived cross-linked thin films(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Uluçay, Sude; Ha, Neul Gyum; Kortun, Arzu; Altınışık, Sinem; Piravadili Selin; Kwon, Jin Han; Moon, Hong Chul; Koyuncu, SermetViologens are an important class of materials in organic electrochromic technology due to their n-type semiconductor properties and the high color intensity in their radical cation state. Due to their charged structures, viologens are generally ideal molecules for gel-based organic electrochromic devices, but with specific modifications, they can also be employed in thin-film-based electrochromic devices (ECDs). In this study, crosslinking reactions of viologen-based molecules (ALV-X) with various allyl group-containing counterions were conducted on ITO/Glass surfaces in the presence of a tetra-thiol-based crosslinker. The surface roughness of the resulting films varied from 4.64 nm to 8.46 nm depending on the counterion exchange. Electrochemical characterizations of the prepared viologen-based crosslinked electrodes indicated that the LUMO energy levels ranged between −4.267 eV and −4.297 eV. Viologen-based cross-linked thin films with transmittance changes close to 30 % in the visible region, 50 % in the UV region and 20 % in the NIR region with specific capacitances of 0.25 mF cm−2 have been found to be highly suitable materials, especially as cathodic layers in electrochromic/supercapacitor devices. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.Öğe Optimization of bioethanol production from sugar beet processing by-product molasses using response surface methodology(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Altınışık, Sinem; Nigiz, Filiz Uğur; Gürdal, Savaş; Yılmaz, Kadir; Tuncel, Necati Barış; Koyuncu, SermetBioethanol production from renewable biomass sources has garnered significant interest due to its potential as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. In this study, we investigated the optimization of bioethanol production from molasses, a by-product of the sugar production process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Initially, the fermentation process was optimized using RSM, considering four independent variables: substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and fermentation time. Subsequently, the effects of these variables on bioethanol yield were evaluated, and a quadratic model was developed to predict the optimum conditions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a high coefficient of determination (R2) for the model, suggesting its adequacy for prediction. The optimized conditions for bioethanol production were determined as follows: substrate concentration of 200 g L−1, pH of 5.0, temperature of 30 °C and fermentation time of 72 h. Under these conditions, the predicted bioethanol yield was 84%. Overall, this study demonstrates the successful application of RSM for optimizing bioethanol production from molasses using S. cerevisiae, highlighting its potential as a promising feedstock for biofuel production. © The Author(s) 2024.Öğe Boron Rejection from Aqueous Solution and Wastewater by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation(2020) Tan, Burcu; Selengil, Uğur; Bektaş, Tijen EnnilBoron is widely used in various areas of modern technology. Due to the environmental problems arising during the production and use, the studies on the removal and recovery of boron from wastewater have been increased recently. Membrane distillation (MD) system is smaller in size with respect to other common distillation systems and needs lower operating temperatures. In addition, the equipment costs are reduced and the safety of the process increases since it operates at lower pressures. Moreover, the membrane distillation process can remove pollutants from water without using chemicals. In this study, boron rejection from aqueous solutions and wastewater was investigated by using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system where both surfaces of a porous hydrophobic membrane were in contact with liquid streams. The effects of various parameters (pH, feed concentration, feed temperature, etc.) on boron rejection were investigated and the highest boron rejection was found to be 50 % when pH=10 at 50 degrees C and with feeding by a pump of 54 rpm. According to the test results of wastewater from Kirka Borax treatment plants, the mean distillate fluxes were found as 13, 16 and 14 L/m(2)h at the feed temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 degrees C, respectively. The boron removal percentages were found to be 47, 64 and 48 % at 30, 40 and 50 degrees C, respectively. It was observed in the XRD spectra that the crystals in wastewater mainly consist of Na2B(OH)(4)Cl and Mg2B2O5 structures.Öğe Effectiveness of fly ash in boron removal from Tuzla (Çanakkale) geothermal fluid(Yıldız Technical University, 2021) Şahin, Mehmet Oğuzhan; Bektaş, Tijen Ennil; Şanlıyüksel Yücel, DenizThe heat accumulated in the inner parts of the earth's crust is transmitted to the fluid in the geothermal aquifer by means of transportation. The geothermal fluid is transported to the surface either by wells or naturally. In this study, the geothermal fluid in Tuzla geothermal field in Çanakkale city was examined due to its high boron content (10.3 mg L-1). It was aimed to remove boron from geothermal fluid by adsorption in order to prevent possible negative effects on the environment. Fly ash was obtained from Çan thermal power plant. The specific surface area of the fly ash was 14.6 m2 g-1 and the particle size was between 1.45 and 186 µm. According to ASTM C618 standard, fly ash was classified as Class C. Fly ash was composed of anhydrite, lime, hematite, cristobalite, quartz, calcite and feldspar. Various parameters such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature were studied experimentally for the removal of boron from the geothermal fluid. The suitability of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle kinetic models to experimental data was examined. The data obtained from the isotherm studies were applied to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models.Öğe Boron rejection from aqueous solution and wastewater by direct contact membrane distillation(Yildiz Technical University, 2021) Tan, Burcu; Selengil, Uğur; Bektaş, Tijen EnnilBoron is widely used in various areas of modern technology. Due to the environmental problems arising during the production and use, the studies on the removal and recovery of boron from wastewater have been increased recently. Membrane distillation (MD) system is smaller in size with respect to other common distillation systems and needs lower operating temperatures. In addition, the equipment costs are reduced and the safety of the process increases since it operates at lower pressures. Moreover, the membrane distillation process can remove pollutants from water without using chemicals. In this study, boron rejection from aqueous solutions and wastewater was investigated by using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system where both surfaces of a porous hydrophobic membrane were in contact with liquid streams. The effects of various parameters (pH, feed concentration, feed temperature, etc.) on boron rejection were investigated and the highest boron rejection was found to be 50 % when pH=10 at 50 °C and with feeding by a pump of 54 rpm. According to the test results of wastewater from Kırka Borax treatment plants, the mean distillate fluxes were found as 13, 16 and 14 L m-2 h-1 at the feed temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 °C, respectively. The boron removal percentages were found to be 47, 64 and 48 % at 30, 40 and 50 °C, respectively. It was observed in the XRD spectra that the crystals in wastewater mainly consist of Na2B(OH)4Cl and Mg2B2O5 structures.Öğe Use of activated carbon obtained from waste vine shoots in nickel adsorption in simulated stomach medium(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Er Çalişkan, Çiğdem; Çiftçi, Harun; Çiftçi, Tacettin; Kariptaş, Ergin; Arslanoğlu, Hasan; Erdem, MehmetIn this study, it is aimed to remove nickel from the simulated body fluid by adsorption technique in order to reduce its harmful effects on the human body. Activated carbon was used for the adsorption of Ni(II) pollutants that may occur in the simulated stomach medium. Activated carbon gave a very porous structure with different sizes of pores by presenting a morphology suitable for the adsorption process. The results show the efficiency of activated carbon with interesting surface area values (1689 m2 g−1) and total pore volume (0.842 cm3 g−1). The most suitable adsorption parameters for nickel ions in the stomach environment simulated in a batch system (pH, time, mixing speed, amount of adsorbent, and the effect of other ions, etc.) were investigated. The initial nickel ion concentration was 10 mg L−1 and the adsorbent amount was 0.3 g, and it was determined that the maximum retention efficiency of nickel ions in the pH range 3.5–5.5 was 92%. The activated carbon material was also highly effective, with a maximum of 91.8% removal at 10 mg L−1 of Ni(II) solutions. Finally, the prepared material has basic properties that make it an effective adsorbent in purifying the pollutants that occur in the simulated stomach medium and we recommend that it can be used to clean the stomach environment in nickel poisoning in emergency interventions.Öğe Correction to: Releases of metal bound modified sugar beet pulp (Me2+MSBP) using various aqueous solutions: its use as slow release fertilizer (Aug, 10.1007/s13399-023-04649-0, 2023)(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Türk, Feride N.; Arslanoğlu, HasanÖğe Correction to: Recycling of Labada (Rumex) biowaste as a value-added biosorbent for rhodamine B (Rd-B) wastewater treatment: biosorption study with experimental design optimisation (Jan, 10.1007/s13399-022-02324-4, 2022)(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Şenol, Zeynep Mine; Çetinkaya, Serap; Arslanoğlu, Hasan[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Removal of food dyes using biological materials via adsorption: A review(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Şenol, Zeynep Mine; El Messaoudi, Noureddine; Ciğeroğlu, Zeynep; Miyah, Youssef; Arslanoğlu, Hasan; Bağlam, Nurcan; Kazan-Kaya, Emine SenaIt is alarming that synthetic food dyes (FD) are widely used in various industries and that these facilities discharge their wastewater into the environment without treating it. FDs mixed into industrial wastewater pose a threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, removing FDs from wastewater is very important. This review explores the burgeoning field of FD removal from wastewater through adsorption using biological materials (BMs). By synthesizing a wealth of research findings, this comprehensive review elucidates the diverse array of BMs employed, ranging from algae and fungi to agricultural residues and microbial biomass. Furthermore, this review investigates challenges in practical applications, such as process optimization and scalability, offering insights into bridging the gap between laboratory successes and real-world implementations. Harnessing the remarkable adsorptive potential of BMs, this review presents a roadmap toward transformative solutions for FD removal, promising cleaner and safer production practices in the food and beverage industry.Öğe Use and applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) in dye adsorption: Review(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Sağlam, Semanur; Türk, Feride N.; Arslanoğlu, HasanDyed wastewater has a serious impact on living organisms. It must be treated to a certain level before being released into the environment. Dyed wastewater is non-biodegradable, toxic and has been found to have carcinogenic effects in long-term exposure. Therefore, the treatment of dyed wastewater has become a global concern. In this context, researchers have proposed metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as the most effective method for dye wastewater removal. Because MOFs show high adsorption capacity in dye removal with adjustable pore diameter and surface morphology compared to conventional carbonaceous materials (activated carbon, carbon nanotube, biochar, zeolite, perlite, etc.). In this context, many studies have been carried out on MOFs until today. With the developing technology and studies, the weaknesses of MOFs have also been improved. Various types of MOFs have been produced, including modified MOFs, Metal Organic Gels obtained by adding aerogel-hydrogel and membrane-based MOFs. In this study, it was aimed to examine the effectiveness of these MOF types in the process of dye separation from wastewater. Within the scope of this investigation, MOFs that are effective in the treatment of dye wastewater were evaluated by examining MOF studies in the past years. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were also examined to understand the effectiveness of MOFs in dye waste-water adsorption. In addition, the effectiveness of characterization studies of MOFs in dye removal was examined. Desorption and reuse of MOFs are also included in the scope of the research as they are important in terms of cost.Öğe Effect of deposition charges on the wettability performance of electrochromic polymers(Elsevier, 2015) Çağlar, Aysel; Cengiz, Uğur; Yıldırım, Mehmet; Kaya, İsmetElectrochromic polymers have been designed as future candidates for electrochromic displays (ECDs) and smart windows. This class of conducting polymers has been studied with their several optical properties as well as spectroelectrochemical stabilities. In practical use their contamination and abrasion could be expected to be main problem as exposed to moisture and other possible pollutants. In this study, we present a perspective to well-known electrochromic polymers in the words of their durable use. For this aim, a series of electrochromic polymers are deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plates by bulk electrolysis. Polymeric films are deposited by varied deposition charges (Q(s)) ranging from 62 to 620 mC cm(-2) for comparison. Equilibrium water contact angle (theta(equ)(water)) measurements of the prepared surfaces are measured by Attention Theta Optical Tensiometer. Surface roughness parameters (RMS) are determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique and used for interpretation of hydrophobic-hydrophilic characteristics. The results clearly indicate that; poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has a hydrophilic surface whose hydrophilicity is increased by applied deposition charge and becomes a superhydrophile at high deposition charges. Among the tested polymers polycarbazole (PCarb) is the most promising long lifetime candidate due to its relatively hydrophobic character. Also, the hydrophobicity of PCarb is linearly increased by increasing deposition charge and reaches an optimum point at a particular condition. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
