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Öğe Periodontal status of indirect resin composite restorations with proximal box elevation: 3-year clinical results(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Aksaka, Nurcan; Gözetici-Çil, Burcu; Özcan, MutluObjectives This prospective controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the periodontal status of posterior indirect resin composite (IRC) restorations followed by proximal box elevation (PBE), based on clinical and radiographic parameters. Additionally, the study investigated the influence of restoration depth and supracrestal tissue attachment (STA) violation on periodontal outcomes. Materials and methods A total of 80 molars with deep cervical margins were restored using IRC (SR Nexco) with PBE (Tetric-N Flow and Tetric-N Ceram). Of these, 42 restorations with PBE on one proximal surface (mesial or distal) in 39 patients were included. The test group consisted of the proximal surfaces restored with PBE due to subgingival margin placement, whereas the control group comprised the opposite proximal surfaces of the same teeth without restoration. Periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BoP) were assessed at baseline (15 days after cementation), and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Standardized periapical radiographs were used to monitor alveolar bone levels at designated follow-ups. Test and control sides were compared using the Robust Mixed ANOVA test (PI, GI, PPD) and McNemar’s test (BoP). Results Data were available from 42, 39, 33, and 30 teeth at baseline, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. No significant differences were found at any time point (p > 0.05) for none of the periodontal parameters. PPD values showed a significant change over time (p = 0.001), with pairwise differences observed between baseline and 12-, 24-, and 36-month measurements, as well as between 6- and 36-month, 12- and 36-month, and 24- and 36-month time points. Within the test group, no significant differences in BoP were found among STA grades (p > 0.05). Conclusions PBE appears to be biologically safe and clinically acceptable, even when the restorative margin is located close to or slightly within the STA, without leading to severe periodontal response resulting in alveolar bone resorption.Öğe Influence of modeling liquids on the color adaptation and optical properties of single and simply shade resin composites(Springer, 2025) Doğu Kaya, Bengü; Buldur, Mehmet; Gözetici-Çil, BurcuObjectives This study evaluated the effect of different interlayer modeling liquids on the color adaptation and translucency of single- and simply-shade resin composites using spectrophotometric analysis. Materials and methods Four resin composites were evaluated: Herculite Classic Dentin (A2), Omnichroma, Essentia Universal, and Optishade Medium. A 2-mm base layer of Herculite Classic Dentin was used in all specimens, followed by two 1-mm layers of either the same or one of the other composites. GC Modeling Liquid and Bisco Modeling Resin were applied between increments, while no-liquid specimens served as controls. A total of 144 multilayered disc specimens were fabricated and polished under standardized conditions. Color measurements (L*, a*, b*, C*) were obtained with a spectrophotometer on gray, black, and white backgrounds. Color difference (ΔE₀₀) and translucency parameter (TP) were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results Both composite type and modeling liquid significantly influenced optical outcomes (p < 0.001). In Omnichroma, ΔE₀₀ values were higher with Bisco Modeling Resin compared with GC Modeling Liquid, indicating greater color change. Translucency analysis showed that Bisco Modeling Resin reduced TP values in Essentia Universal, Optishade Medium, and Herculite but increased TP in Omnichroma. GC Modeling Liquid caused decreased TP only in Essentia Universal. Across all conditions, Omnichroma displayed the highest translucency, while Herculite and Optishade Medium demonstrated lower values. Conclusion The optical properties of resin composites may be influenced by the composition of modeling liquids, with pigment-free single-shade materials showing greater susceptibility to such effects.Öğe The effect of cavity depth on accuracy of intraoral scanners in intra-coronal restorations(Bmc, 2025) Özden, Yunus Emre; Doğu Kaya, Bengü; Akbal, Çağla; Yılmaz Atalı, Pınar; Özkurt-Kayahan, ZeynepPurpose This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cavity depth on the accuracy of intraoral scanners (IOS) in intra-coronal restorations, focusing on trueness and precision as defined by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 5725 standards. Materials and methods Three intra-coronal cavity designs with depths of 2.5 mm (n = 10), 5 mm (n = 10), and 7.5 mm (n = 10) were fabricated using 3-Dimentional (3D) printed tooth models. Scans (n = 30) were performed using the Trios 3 intraoral scanner, and accuracy was assessed by comparing scanned models to reference models. Trueness was measured as the root mean square (RMS) deviation, and precision was calculated from the interquartile range of average absolute distances. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. Results The accuracy of the IOS was significantly lower at a cavity depth of 7.5 mm compared to 5 mm and 2.5 mm (p < 0.05). RMS values were highest for the 7.5 mm depth, while the lowest precision was observed at this depth. Conclusion Cavity depth significantly affects the accuracy of IOS in intra-coronal restorations, with deeper cavities resulting in reduced accuracy. This highlights the importance of considering cavity depth when planning IOS workflows. This study shows that scanning accuracy decreases when the distance between the cavity floor and the cusp tip exceeds 5 mm. Elevating the cavity floor with direct methods may help improve scanning accuracy and enhance restoration outcomes.Öğe Evaluation of dental students' attitude to elderly patients based on demographic data: a cross-sectional study(Bmc, 2025) Karabulut Gençer, Büşra; Şenol, Ayşe Aslı; Kaya, Bengü Doğu; Yılmaz Atalı, Pınar; Tarçın, BilgeBackground Comprehensive curricular modifications in dental education are essential to address the healthcare needs of the growing geriatric population. In this context, incorporating attitudes of dental students towards this complex patient group into the design of educational programs is crucial for developing effective curricula. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of dental students towards elderly patients during their educational progress, which is a crucial period in the formation of dentists’ approaches to patients and treatment, and to consider the influence of demographic data in this process. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a two-part questionnaire was administered to 3rd-, 4th-, and 5th-year students at Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry. The first part collected demographic data on age, gender, place of residence, presence of grandparents, and history of living with grandparents. The second part used the validated Ageism Scale for Dental Students (ASDS) with 5 items on a 6-point Likert scale. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for two- and multi-group comparisons, respectively, and the Spearman Correlation Test examined age-scale score relationships. A Type 1 error rate of 0.05 was applied. Results A total of 305 students participated, 204 (66.9%) of whom were female. The distribution across the 3rd, 4th, and 5th years was 35.1%, 32.1%, and 32.8%, respectively. The median ASDS score was 3.2. No significant differences in ASDS scores were found concerning age (p = 0.925), gender (p = 0.631), year of study (p = 0.581), place of residence (p = 0.282), presence of grandparents (p = 0.199), or history of living with grandparents (p = 0.859). Conclusion Demographic factors did not significantly affect ASDS scores. Larger, translated, and validated studies in different regions of Türkiye are needed. However, the neutral attitudes observed among students suggest that the content of geriatrics in dentistry education should be strengthened in a way that promotes positive attitudes towards elderly patients.Öğe Evaluation of fracture resistance and crack propensity of bulk-fill composite restorations reinforced by polyethylene fiber(Bmc, 2025) Şenol, Ayşe Aslı; Manav, Aybike; Doğu Kaya, Bengü; Yılmaz Atalı, Pınar; Kahramanoğlu, Erkut; Tarçın, Bilge; Türkmen, CaferBackground In clinical restorative applications, different materials and techniques are used to replace lost tooth tissue and compensate for the fracture resistance that are essential for function. Further investigation is required to ascertain the effect of polyethylene fiber application, which is one of these interventions, on the fracture resistance, fracture location, reparability and crack propagation of premolar teeth restored with direct composite resin restorations. This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate fracture resistance and crack propagation of two bulk-fill composites (BRC) with/without polyethylene-fiber in extensive Class I resin composite restorations. Methods Cavities were prepared on 40 mandibular premolars. In half of the samples (n = 20), polyethylene-fiber (Ribbond Fiber/RF) coated with adhesive resin was placed on cavity floor. Half of the teeth were restored with SonicFill 3 and the other half with Charisma Bulk Flow ONE. The groups were as follows: SonicFill 3 + Fiber(SF + RF), SonicFill 3(SF), Charisma Bulk Flow ONE + Fiber(CO + RF), and Charisma Bulk Flow ONE(CO). Following 20,000 thermo-cycles fracture resistance (FR) was determined. Crack number/orientation were assessed with transillumination using two different wavelengths, before (t0) and after preparation (tp), and following fracture test (tf). Visual examination was performed with micro-CT to evaluate the adaptation. Data were analyzed using Independent samples T-test, Fisher’s Exact, Fisher Freeman Halton, Pearson Chi-Square and Cochran’s Q Tests (P < .05). Results No statistically significant difference was found between the FR of groups (P = .994) with and without RF (P = .167) according to BRC. The mean FR values in decreasing order were CO (761.09 ± 224.32) > SF + RF (671.08 ± 150.51) > CO + RF (669.95 ± 358.44) > SF (580.7 ± 269.04). A reduction in the formation of irreparable fracture patterns was detected in RF groups. Crack number/orientation did not differ according to BRC and RF application. Statistically significant increase was observed in crack formation over examination periods (tf> tp> t0; P < .001). Conclusions The reinforcement of large cavities with polyethylene fibers changed the fracture pattern of the restorations towards repairable, whereas had no effect on fracture resistance and crack formation. Furthermore, the placement of polyethylene fibers may have an adverse effect on the adaptation of the cavity. In clinical applications, both wavelengths can be used for transillumination testing in crack inspection.Öğe Impact of coffee exposure on the color adjustment potential of universal-shade resin composites: an in vitro study(Spemd-Soc Portuguesa Estomatologia & Medicina Dentaria, 2025) Sezer, Berkant; Misilli, Tuğba; Buldur, MehmetObjectives: This study aimed to evaluate the color adjustment potential (CAP) of a universal- shade composite resin applied to acrylic teeth of different shades under various storage conditions and over different time intervals. Methods: A universal-shade composite (Omnichroma; Tokuyama, Tokyo, Japan) and acrylic molar teeth in three shades (A1, A2, D4) were used. Two types of samples were prepared: dual-shade (Class I restorations with 5-mm diameter and 2-mm depth in acrylic teeth) and single-shade (artificial tooth replicas). Specimens were stored in either distilled water or coffee. Color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer at baseline, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month. Color differences (Delta E-00) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Delta E-00 values were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. CAP(00) values were analyzed using the three-way ANOVA for intergroup comparisons and repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni tests to assess time-related effects. Results: At baseline, the Delta E-00 values were lowest in the A1 group for both sample types, followed by A2 and D4. After 1 month, coffee immersion led to significantly higher Delta E-00 values than distilled water in all groups. CAP(00) values significantly decreased between 1 week and 1 month in coffee-stored samples. All shade and storage subgroups showed a significant time-dependent increase in CAP(00) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: One-month storage in distilled water enhanced CAP in all groups. In turn, prolonged coffee exposure increased color differences and diminished the color harmony of restorations over time.Öğe Evaluation of oral health and dental hygiene habits in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a longitudinal pilot study(Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2025) Sessiz, Rüya; Ayan, Gizem; Sezer, Berkant; Tosun, İlgiObjectives: Adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at increased risk of oral diseases due to physical limitations, poor oral health awareness, and inadequate dental hygiene practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status of adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities and to analyze changes in their dental hygiene habits following subsequent visits and oral hygiene education. Method and materials: This pilot longitudinal observational study involved students with mild to moderate intellectual and developmental disabilities from a special needs school. Oral health was assessed using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II), Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE), Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE), and Simplified Oral Hygiene (OHI-S) indices. Participants received oral hygiene training, and their brushing techniques were evaluated using the Oral Hygiene Skills Survey. Data on brushing frequency, skills, toothpaste use, and OHI-S scores were collected at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Results: Twenty-three participants aged 14 to 19 years were evaluated, showing high DMFT scores (mean 10.91 ± 6.06), advanced caries in 78.3%, and enamel defects and erosive tooth wear in 65.2%. Significant improvements were observed in toothbrushing frequency (P = .008), with reductions in OHI-S scores (P = .001) and enhanced brushing skills (P = .016) during follow-ups. Conclusion: The findings indicate a high prevalence of dental caries, enamel defects, and erosive tooth wear among adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Despite poor baseline oral hygiene practices, regular follow-ups and oral hygiene education significantly improved oral hygiene habits and outcomes.Öğe Clinical Evaluation of Complications for Single Visit Class III and Class V Restorations at the First Recall Appointment(Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2025) Doğu Kaya, Bengü; Korkut, Bora; Kızıl Öztürk, Ezgi; Alkan, Elif; Yılmaz Atalı, PınarObjective: Clinical evaluation of senior students' Class III and Class V restorations at the first recall (control) appointment, regarding revised FDI criteria. Methods: Seventy-six anterior Class III and V restorations were assessed. A nano-ceramic, simplyshade composite (NeoSpectra-ST, Dentsply) was used. Restorative procedures were checked and approved by an experienced (3 years) restorative dentistry instructor. The first recall (control) appointment was scheduled 1 week after the restorations and a restorative instructor re-evaluated the restorations based on the biological, functional, and esthetic aspects of revised FDI criteria. Results: Significantly greater scores were observed for Esthetic criteria compared to Functional and Biological criteria (p<.001). Six failures were detected forform and contour, two for surface luster and texture, two for marginal staining, and two for color match. Onlyfortheform and contour criteria, Class V restorations obtained significantly higher scores than Class III (p=.033). Conclusion: Although anterior composite restorations were approved by an experienced instructor, various irreversible complications were observed at the first recall. Following the restorative procedure, a control appointment shortly is considered mandatory. The highest risk for failure was detected for Esthetic criteria. Class III restorations are considered more prone to failures compared to Class V.Öğe Diastema Closure Following Detection and Removal of Residual Resins After Orthodontic Treatment: Case Report with 1-year follow-up(Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2025) Kaya, Bengu Dogu; Atali, Pinar Yilmaz; Sever, Deniz Meltem; Tagtekin, DilekThis case report aimed to determine and remove the residual resins after debonding, to restore the upper lateral teeth with a single shade composite to evaluate with follow-ups. An 18-year-old female patient applied to our clinic with the complaint of the presence of diastemas. Following the sond marking technique, MDP (Smile Lite, Smile Line) and mobile phone (iPhone 11, Apple); DSLR camera (Nikon), macro lens and D-Light caries detection mode (GC) before and after the application of plaque disclosing gel (TriPlaque ID, GC) to detect resin residues on tooth surfaces after bracket removal. The residual resins were removed with finishing and polishing discs (last 3 stages) (OptiDisc, Kerr). One week later, the selective-etch technique, universal adhesive (Gluma Bond Universal, Kulzer), and single shade composite (Charisma Diamond One, Kulzer) were used for diastema closure. The patient was called for follow-up at 3, 6, and 12-months and evaluated FDI criteria. Residual resins were best determined by using a combination of plaque disclosing agent and MDP since the composite used was not a fluorescent light-emitting material. For restorations, FDI 1and 2 scores were observed in the esthetic, functional, and biological evaluations.Öğe Evaluation of Accuracy of Intraoral Scanner with Different Inlay Preparation Geometry(Marmara University, 2025) Doğu Kaya, Bengü; Özden, Yunus Emre; Özkurt Kayahan, Zeynep; Yılmaz Atalı, PınarObjective: This in vitro study aimed to assess the accuracy of an intraoral scanner in inlay preparations with different geometry. Methods: The upper second premolar tooth-shaped models were designed and prepared using a 3D printer (Phrozen Mega 8K, Phrozen, Taiwan). Three distinct inlay preparation configurations were utilized, including buccal and palatal wall divergence at 6 degrees, 8 degrees, and 10 degrees. The reference 3D images were acquired through scanning of each model with varying inlay preparation using an extraoral scanner (E1, 3Shape, Denmark). Thirty 3D images (samples) were obtained from each of the three models (n = 10) using an intraoral scanner (Trios 3, 3Shape, Denmark). The samples and reference images were saved in Standard Tessellation Language (STL) and imported into software (Geomagic Control X 2022, 3D Systems Inc., USA). Discrepancies between the reference image and the samples were recorded as root mean square (RMS) and standard deviation (SD). Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests, and interquartile range (IQR) were used for statistical analysis with THE significance level p<.05. Results: The RMS was highest at 6 degrees, both of which were statistically significant from the other degrees (p<.001). Highest SD values were obtained in 10 degrees samples (p<.001). To evaluate the infer precision with IQR, RMS values were smallest at 10 degrees and SD values smallest at 6 degrees. Conclusion: The divergence angle of the preparation in the inlay cavities can potentially affect the accuracy of the intraoral scanner.Öğe Effect of Print Orientation and Thermal Aging on the Flexural Strength of Zirconia-Reinforced Three-Dimensional-Printed Restorative Resin Materials(Mdpi, 2025) Özden, Yunus Emre; Doğu Kaya, Bengü; Yılmaz Atali, Pınar; Özer, Füsun; Özkurt Kayahan, ZeynepThis study evaluated the effects of print orientation and thermal aging on the flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) of novel permanent three-dimensional (3D)-printed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resins reinforced with nano-zirconia and nano-silica. Bar-shaped specimens (25 x 2 x 2 mm) were fabricated using a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer (Asiga Max UV, Asiga Inc., Australia) in two orientations (0 degrees and 90 degrees). Specimens underwent three-point bending tests at 24 h and after artificial thermal aging (10,000 and 30,000 cycles) to simulate one and three years of intraoral conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze fracture patterns. Print orientation did not significantly affect FS or FM (p > 0.05). However, artificial aging significantly reduced FS and FM after 10,000 cycles (p < 0.001), with further deterioration after 30,000 cycles. The micro hybrid resin composite exhibited higher FS than the 3D-printed materials throughout aging. SEM analysis revealed distinct fracture patterns, with 3D-printed resins displaying radial fractures and the micro hybrid composite exhibiting horizontal fractures. These findings indicate that aging plays a more critical role in the long-term mechanical performance of 3D-printed restorative resins than print orientation. This study provides original data on the effects of print orientation and prolonged thermal aging on the mechanical behavior of permanent three-dimensional (3D)-printed dental resins. Furthermore, the comparative evaluation of aging protocols simulating one and three years of intraoral service represents a novel contribution to the existing literature. Further studies are required to optimize the mechanical durability of 3D-printed dental restorations.Öğe The impact of postoperative intracoronal bleaching on the microtensile bond strength at the composite-dentin interface(Japanese Soc Dental Materials Devices, 2025) Ayan, Gizem; Misilli, Tuğba; Buldur, Mehmet; Doğan, Ayşe NurThe study evaluated the effects of postoperative bleaching with HP and CP on microtensile bond strength (mu TBS) and nanoleakage of composite restorations using total-/self-etch protocols. Sixty incisors with Black V cavities were restored using a multimode adhesive in total-/self-etch mode and resin composite. Samples were divided into five groups: control, CPx2, CPx5, HPx2, HPx5. After bleaching, 1x1x8 mm composite blocks (n=10) were tested for mu TBS, and failure types were assessed. Two samples per group were analyzed for nanoleakage via scanning electron microscope (SEM). Two-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni correction, and stepwise linear regression were applied. CPx5 and HPx5 groups exhibited significantly reduced mu TBS compared to control, and the self-etch protocol resulted in lower values regardless of bleaching method. Regression analysis confirmed significant effects of adhesive (total-etch) and bleaching (CPx5, HPx5). A significant relationship was found between failure modes and bleaching methods for each adhesive protocol, with adhesive failures being the most frequent. SEM revealed nanoleakage in all groups.Öğe Evaluation of Degree of Conversion, Flexural Strength, and Microhardness of a Novel Flowable Resin Composite(Selcuk University, 2025) Doğu Kaya, Bengü; Öztürk, Selinsu; Kuzu, Nazlı Zeynep; Şenol, Ayşe Aslı; Kahramanoğlu, Erkut; Yılmaz Atalı, Pınar; Tarçın, BilgeAim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the degree of conversion, and to compare the flexural strength, and microhardness of two flowable resin composites with different filler ratio. Materials & Methods: Two flowable composite resins were used in this study, ZENIFLOW (65% filler by volume) and Dynamic flow (60% filler by volume) (President, Germany). Disc-shaped specimens were prepared from each material using silicone molds (8 x 2). All specimens were polymerized with an LED curing unit (Valo Cordless, Ultradent, USA) at 1000 mW/cm2 for 20 s. Polishing procedures were performed with 4-stage finishing discs (BISCO, USA). Vickers microhardness values (VHN) (n=5) and hardness ratio (HR) of these samples were determined from the top/bottom surfaces with a microhardness tester after being stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 15 days. Degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) (n=5). Rectangular specimens (25 x 2 x 2) were prepared and subjected to three-point bending test (n=10) to determine flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM). After the flexural strength evaluation, the fractured surfaces were examined by stereomicroscope (Leica MZ7.5, Germany) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (Zeiss EVO MA10, Germany). Independent sample t-test was used to compare the values between groups. The significance level was determined as p<0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the two resin composites with different filler ratios in terms of degree of conversion, microhardness, hardness ratio, flexural strength, and flexural modulus. Conclusion: A 5% increase in the volume of filler content did not alter the degree of conversion and the tested mechanical properties of the resin composite.Öğe Gastric acid challenge: Mechanical proficiency and surface gloss of tooth-colored restorative materials(Bmc, 2025) Yenidünya, Özge Gizem; Misilli, Tuğba; Yılmaz, EbruBackgroundTo evaluate surface microhardness, roughness, and gloss changes of tooth-colored restorative materials [a direct composite (G-aenial A'Chord), an indirect composite (Gradia Plus), an ormocer (Admira Fusion), a giomer (Beautifil II), and an alkasite (Cention N)] after exposure to simulated gastric acid.MethodsA total of 110 disc-shaped specimens (22 discs of each material) were prepared using silicone molds (8 mmx2 mm) and exposed to either gastric acid or artificial saliva (control). Surface roughness (Ra), gloss (GU), and microhardness (VHN) were measured at baseline and after 96-hour of immersion in the solutions and the respective changes (triangle Ra, triangle GU, triangle VHN) were calculated. Intergroup comparisons were performed using ANOVA (Tukey post hoc) or Kruskal-Wallis tests (Bonferroni correction). Independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons of each material across immersion media, while paired t-test was applied for time-dependent analyses.ResultsIn the gastric acid medium, changes in all parameters led to significant differences among restorative materials, while in the artificial saliva medium, significant differences were observed in triangle VHN and triangle GU. The statistically significant difference between immersion media was observed in both triangle VHN and triangle Ra values for the giomer group, and in only triangle VHN values for the alkasite and indirect composite groups. In the gastric acid medium, the decrease in VHN and GU values was significant across all subgroups, while the increase in Ra was statistically significant only in the giomer and alkasite groups.ConclusionsWhile the giomer group exhibited the most significant changes in roughness and microhardness following exposure to gastric acid, all tested materials executed clinically admissible results regarding surface gloss.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.Öğe Effects of Detox Juices on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Universal Chromatic Resin Composites(Operative Dentistry Inc, 2025) Yenidünya, O. G.; Misilli, TuğbaThis study investigated the color stability and surface roughness of universal chromatic resin-based composites (RBCs) after immersion in detox juices. One hundred seventy-six disc-shaped specimens (8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were prepared using four universal chromatic RBCs: NeoSpectra ST (NS), Omnichroma (OM), Charisma Topaz One (CO), and G-ae nial Universal Injectable (GI). Specimens of each material were randomly divided into four subgroups (n=11) and immersed in either the assigned detox juices (red, green, or yellow) or distilled water (control). Color and surface roughness measurements were taken at baseline, 15 and 30 days of immersion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the surface topography of the composites. The color change [CIEDE2000 (Delta E00)] and surface roughness (Ra) values were analyzed using generalized linear models and multiple comparison tests with Bonferroni correction. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman rank correlation test. The main variable effects of composite and immersion media were significant for both color change and surface roughness parameters (p<0.001). Additionally, the main effect of the evaluation period was significant only for surface roughness (p=0.001). The highest discoloration occurred in the GI group immersed in a red beverage, while the CO group immersed in yellow beverage had the highest Ra values. In SEM analysis, OM demonstrated a more homogeneous filler structure with clearly visible nano-spherical fillers and nanoclusters, contributing to its superior smoothness. Conversely, a significant increase in rough areas was observed, especially in NS exposed to the green beverage and CO exposed to the yellow beverage, after 30 days. While the immersion of resin composites in detox juices induced an acceptable color alteration except for OM and GI groups immersed in the red beverage, all tested materials exhibited clinically admissible results regarding surface roughness.Öğe Can artificial intelligence effectively respond to frequently asked questions about fluoride usage and effects? A qualitative study on ChatGPT(Int Soc Fluoride Research, 2023) Buldur, Mehmet; Sezer, BerkantObjectives: The frequently asked questions about fluoride, as determined by the American Dental Association (ADA), were asked to Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) and the answers were qualitatively compared with those of the ADA. Methods: Questions were posed to ChatGPT on May 8th and 16th, 2023, and the responses were recorded. The answers from the ADA webpage were also recorded. The responses were compared for similarity in word and meaning, both within ChatGPT's responses over a one-week interval and between ChatGPT's responses and ADA's responses. Results: While the responses provided by ChatGPT with a one-week interval had similar information content, in the comparison made with the ADA, ChatGPT provided more detailed and scientific answers. However, both shared the same central idea about fluoride and its role in oral health. Conclusions: The accuracy and reliability of the answers given by the applications developed with artificial intelligence (AI) are of great importance, and it has been seen that the answers given by ChatGPT to the questions asked about fluoride are sufficient and reliable. Clinical Relevance: Advancements in technology, particularly in artificial intelligence, enable individuals to access accurate and reliable information about a topic quickly and in appropriate ways.Öğe In-vivo evaluation of the effects of short-term dehydration and rehydration on the color differences of immature permanent incisor teeth(Wiley, 2024) Buldur, Mehmet; Misilli, Tuğba; Sezer, BerkantObjective: It is aimed to evaluate the color changes of upper central incisor teeth with different root maturation levels after 15 min of dehydration and rehydration. Materials and Methods: Using the Cvek classification, 60 participants were divided into five groups. A spectrophotometer, equipped with a specially designed jig, was utilized for color measurements. Following isolation, color measurements were conducted at the dehydration process intervals of baseline, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, and 15th minutes. After mouth rinsing, measurements were repeated at the same time intervals during the rehydration process. CIEDE2000 (Delta E-00) values and the Whiteness Index (WID) were obtained to compare the color changes between the initial readings and each interval. Friedman and Repeated Measures ANOVA were applied to compare classes by time during the dehydration and rehydration periods, as well as ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare by classes for each time (p < 0.05). Results: Significant differences emerged in the mean Delta E-00 values during dehydration and rehydration periods across all Cvek Classes (p < 0.05). While no statistically significant differences were observed among Classes at different minutes during the rehydration period (p > 0.05), it was particularly noted that the mean Delta E-00 values of Classes 2, 3, and 5 at the 2nd minute of dehydration were statistically significantly higher than the mean of Class 1 (p < 0.05). However, when evaluating the starting and ending measurements of both dehydration and rehydration processes, and the overall change in Delta E-00 and Delta WID, no significant variations were detected across the Classes (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In teeth that have just erupted and are still undergoing root development, dehydration in the initial minutes results in noticeable color changes. However, the change in Delta E-00 and Delta WID of the teeth was found to be similar after the dehydration and rehydration processes.Öğe Is It Possible for Single-shade Composites to Mimic the Color, Lightness, Chroma, and Hue of Other Single-shade Composites? An In Vitro Study(Operative Dentistry Inc, 2024) Buldur, Mehmet; Ayan, GizemObjectives: This study aimed to assess color matching post-repair using the same or different single-shade composites of three distinct composite resin materials (Omnichroma-OM, ZenChroma-ZC, and Charisma Topaz One-CTO) following aging in coffee solution and distilled water. Evaluation focused on color change parameters (triangle E-00, triangle L-00, triangle C-00, and triangle H-00). Methods and Materials: Specimens were prepared in disk shape with a diameter of 8 mm and a height of 2 mm (n=180). Half of each composite group was immersed in distilled water, while the other half was immersed in coffee solution for 12 days each (n=90). After aging, cylindrical cavities with a diameter of 4 mm and a depth of 1 mm were prepared at the center of the specimens. The cavities were repaired with both themselves and other composite resins (n=10). Color measurements of the specimens were performed using VITA Easyshade 5 (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad S & auml;ckingen, Germany) at the following time points: baseline (T-0), after aging (12 days) (T-1), immediately after repair (T-2), one day after repair (T-3), one week after repair (T-4), and one month after repair (T-5). Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the mean Delta E-00 measurements among the study groups at all time points for each of the three composite resins (p<0.05). Similarly, statistically significant differences were found in the mean Delta E-00 measurements over time for each of the three composite resins in each study group (p<0.05). The baseline measurements of materials repaired with themselves in the distilled water groups and the final measurements of materials repaired with themselves in the coffee groups were found to be within acceptable triangle E(00)limits. At the end of the study, only CTO repaired with OM showed acceptable color matching with different composites in both coffee and distilled water groups. Conclusions: Acceptable color matching was achieved when using the same material for repair in specimens aged in distilled water and coffee. However, variations in matching were observed when different materials were used for repair, indicating the need for ongoing monitoring. Contributions of Delta L-00, Delta C-00, and Delta H-00 values to color differences vary depending on the resins and repair process and change over time.Öğe Cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the dentin hypersensitivity experience questionnaire short form (DHEQ-15)(BMC, 2024) Ayan, Gizem; Misilli, Tuğba; Buldur, MehmetBackground The short form of the Dentin Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ-15) is a valid and reliable tool for Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) studies. The aim of this study was cross-culturally adapt and validate the English version of DHEQ-15 for the Turkish language. Methods The Turkish version of the DHEQ-15 was developed using the forward-backward translation method. Two independent translators translated it from English to Turkish, followed by back-translation into English. A pilot study was conducted with 30 patients with dentin hypersensitivity (DH). The sample consisted of 150 individuals with DH and 150 without. DH was assessed using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale by applying air to the cervical area of the tooth for 1 s from a distance of 1 cm. A total of 300 individuals completed the Turkish DHEQ-15 in the waiting room. Subsequently, 30 randomly selected individuals with DH completed the questionnaire again after 7–10 days to assess test-retest reliability. Participants provided an overall oral health rating assessment on a 6-point scale. The reliability of the DHEQ-15 was assessed using internal consistency and test-retest methods. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) identified its domains, while construct validity was evaluated through cross-cultural (Confirmatory Factor Analysis- CFA), discriminative (Mann-Whitney test) and convergent (Spearman correlation) validity. Results The demographic characteristics of the sample included 137 men and 163 women, with an average age of 36. The Turkish DHEQ-15 demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = 0.970) and outstanding test-retest reliability (r = 0.920, p < 0.001), indicating an excellent correlation. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the unidimensional scale structure of the Turkish DHEQ-15 (p = 0.000). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the DHEQ-15 score and the overall oral health rating assessment (p < 0.05). Participants with DH had a significantly higher DHEQ-15 score compared to those without DH (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study provides evidence supporting the cross-cultural validity and reliability of the Turkish DHEQ-15.Öğe Evaluating the accuracy of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer version 4 (ChatGPT-4) responses to United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) frequently asked questions about dental amalgam(BMC, 2024) Buldur, Mehmet; Sezer, BerkantBackground The use of artificial intelligence in the field of health sciences is becoming widespread. It is known that patients benefit from artificial intelligence applications on various health issues, especially after the pandemic period. One of the most important issues in this regard is the accuracy of the information provided by artificial intelligence applications.Objective The purpose of this study was to the frequently asked questions about dental amalgam, as determined by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which is one of these information resources, to Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer version 4 (ChatGPT-4) and to compare the content of the answers given by the application with the answers of the FDA.Methods The questions were directed to ChatGPT-4 on May 8th and May 16th, 2023, and the responses were recorded and compared at the word and meaning levels using ChatGPT. The answers from the FDA webpage were also recorded. The responses were compared for content similarity in Main Idea, Quality Analysis, Common Ideas, and Inconsistent Ideas between ChatGPT-4's responses and FDA's responses.Results ChatGPT-4 provided similar responses at one-week intervals. In comparison with FDA guidance, it provided answers with similar information content to frequently asked questions. However, although there were some similarities in the general aspects of the recommendation regarding amalgam removal in the question, the two texts are not the same, and they offered different perspectives on the replacement of fillings.Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that ChatGPT-4, an artificial intelligence based application, encompasses current and accurate information regarding dental amalgam and its removal, providing it to individuals seeking access to such information. Nevertheless, we believe that numerous studies are required to assess the validity and reliability of ChatGPT-4 across diverse subjects.
