Zootekni Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/2760

Listeleniyor 1 - 17 / 17

Relations Between the Great War and Wheat Prices: An Analysis from the Ottoman Empire Perspective
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2021) Tufan, Ekrem; Savaş, Türker; Atabay, Mithat
Introduction: It is commonly observed that the ratio of food prices during the war times had become significantly more important than usual periods within the countries including Turkey, known as the Ottoman Empire that previously defeated in Balkans just before the Great World War. The scope of the study is to analyze increased or decreased wheat prices together with price fluctuations during the war period. Aim: This study investigates the food pricing progress during The Great World War and its relationship with wheat prices. Method: A model for the behavior of time series is applied to compare the important days of the war data against the timeline of wheat prices for British, German, and French. The statistical test named Holt-Winters uses exponential smoothing technique to encode the various values from the past and predicts “typical” values for the present and the future. Findings: As a result, it can be said that wheat prices had anomaly patterns during the specific dates in war for French, British, and German sides. Great Britain’s wheat prices increased significantly on April 1915 when landings began on the Gallipoli Peninsula. Wheat prices in Great Britain and Germany dropped significantly just before on July 1916 when the first Battle of the Somme began. However, it increased in Great Britain whilst decreased considerably in Germany in March 1918 when the Soviet Government signed a separate peace agreement with the Central Powers. A significant increase for France was observed only at the end of this war.
Characterization of aroma-active compounds, sensory properties, and proteolysis in Ezine cheese
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2009) Karagül Yüceer, Yonca; Tuncel, Barış; Güneşer, Onur; Engin, Burcu; İşleten, Müge; Yaşar, Kurban; Mendeş, Mehmet
Ezine cheese is a white pickled cheese ripened in tin-plate containers for at least 8 mo. A mixture of milk from goat, sheep, and cow is used to make Ezine cheese. Ezine cheese has geographical indication status. The purposes of this study were to determine and compare the changes in basic composition, aroma, and sensory characteristics, and proteolytic activity of Ezine cheese stored in tinplate containers and plastic vacuum packages during storage. Aroma-active compounds were determined by thermal desorption gas chromatography olfactometry. To evaluate the proteolytic activity, casein and nitrogen fractions were determined. The results indicated that compounds identified at high intensities were dimethyl sulfide, ethyl butyrate, hexanal, ethyl pentanoate, (Z)-4-heptenal, 1-octen-3-one, acetic acid, butyric acid, and p-cresol. Characteristic descriptive terms were cooked, whey, creamy, animal-like, sour, and salty. The level of proteolysis increased in Ezine cheese during storage. Ezine cheese can be ripened in small-size packaging after 3 mo of storage. Approximately 6 mo is sufficient to produce the characteristic properties of Ezine cheese.
Changes in milk fatty acid composition of goats during lactation in a semi-intensive production system
(Archiv Fur Tierzucht, 2009) Ataşoğlu, Cengiz; Uysal Pala, Çiğdem; Karagül Yüceer, Yonca
This study aimed at investigating changes in the fatty acid (FA) profile and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration of milk fat during lactation from goats managed in a semi-intensive production system, which consisted of grazing on a woody and herbaceous pasture with the supplementation of mixed concentrate and vetch hay. A total of 21 lactating goats were used. Milk samples were collected at different periods (25 April, 29 June, 25 August and 4 October) during lactation and analysed for their chemical composition and FA profile. The most abundant FA in the milk fat of goats was palmitic (06:0) acid, followed by oleic (C18:1 n-9), stearic (C18:0), capric (C10:0) and myristic (04:0) acids. These acids accounted for about 88% of the total milk FA of goats in all sampling periods. The two medium chain FA; capric (P=0.0001) and lauric (C12:0; P=0.0014) acid were affected by the sampling period, whereas myristic (P=0.4469) and palmitic (P=0.4418) acids did not change. Stearic (P=0.0128), oleic (P=0.0001), linoleic (C18:2; P=0.0088) and linolenic (C18:3; P=0.0001) acids also exhibited significant variations between the sampling periods. However, the CLA (C18:2 c9, t11 and C18:2 00, c12) contents of milk fat did not change during the entire study regardless of the sampling period (P=0.2448). Milk fatty acid composition of goats, which meet a major part of their nutrient requirements through grazing or browsing in a natural pasture, shows a seasonal variation with milk fat in summer representing a better fatty acid profile for product quality.
Sensory properties of drinkable yogurt made from milk of different goat breeds
(Wiley, 2006) Uysal Pala, Çiğdem; Karagül Yüceer, Yonca; Pala, A.; Savaş, Türker
Drinkable yogurts made from different goat breed milk and made with normal and probiotic cultures were evaluated for their sensory characteristics. Milk of Turkish Saanen, Maltese and Turkish Hair goats obtained during the beginning, middle and end of lactations were used to produce drinkable yogurt. Using descriptive sensory analysis technique, common terms were developed as goaty, creamy, fermented, cooked, throat burn, sweet, salty, sour and astringent. Breeds, lactation periods and using regular and probiotic types of starter cultures affected the sensory characteristics of drinkable yogurts. Drinkable yogurts made by cow milk had weaker intensities of flavor attributes including goaty, creamy, throat burn and salty than that made by goat milks of the three breeds. Drinkable yogurts made from Turkish Saanen breed had more goaty flavor than those made from Turkish Hair and Maltese goat breeds. The products made by milk provided at the end of lactation period had the highest intensities of goaty flavor. In addition, the intensities of goaty, creamy and cooked flavors in the products made by regular yogurt cultures were higher than those of drinkable yogurts with probiotic cultures.
Multivariate Multiple Regression Analysis Based on Principal Component Scores to Study Relationships between Some Pre- and Post-slaughter Traits of Broilers
(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2011) Mendeş, Mehmet
The main purpose of this study is to show that how can we use multivariate multiple linear regression analysis (MMLR) based on principal component scores to investigate relations between two data sets (i.e. pre- and post-slaughter traits of Ross 308 broiler chickens). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to predictor variables to avoid multicolinearity problem. According to results of the PCA, out of 7 principal components only the first three components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) with eigenvalue greater than 1 were selected (explained 89.45 % of the variation) for MMLR analysis. Then, the first three principal component scores were used as predictor variables in MMLR. The results of MMLR analysis showed that shank width, breast circumference and body weight had a similar linear effect on predicting the post-slaughter traits (P=0.746). As a result, since the animals had high value of shank width, breast circumference and body weight, it might be probable that their post-slaughter traits namely heart weight, liver weight, gizzard weight and hot carcass weight were also expected to be high.
Consumer attıtudes and factors affecting buying decision for functional foods
(Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği, 2007) İşleten Hoşoğlu, Müge; Karagül Yüceer, Yonca; Yılmaz, Emin; Mendeş, Mehmet
Günümüzde tüketiciler gıdalardan sağlık üzerine olumlu katkı sağlayan ve hastalıkları önleyici etkiler beklemektedir. Bunun sonucu olarak, sağlık üzerinde olumlu etkisi olan fonksiyonel gıdalara talep gittikçe artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, tüketicilerin bu tür gıdalara olan taleplerinin, cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim seviyesi, sağlık durumları, gıdaların fiyat ve etiket bilgileri gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak değişimin araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışma 9 adet sorudan oluşan bir anket çalışması olup, yaşları 20-60 arasında olan 249 kişi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Ankete katılanların fonksiyonel gıdalara olan taleplerinin dikkate alınan faktörlere göre değişimlerinin ortaya konulabilmesi amacıyla çoklu uyum analizi tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan çoklu uyum analizleri sonucunda, genç tüketicilerin beslenme alışkanlıklarının sağlık üzerine etkisiyle ilgilenmedikleri görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan, beslenmenin sağlık üzerine etkisi olduğu düşüncesinin yaşla birlikte artma eğiliminde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Genç ve orta yaşlı tüketicilerin gıdaların etiketleri üzerindeki besin ve enerji değerlerini inceledikleri ve bu durumun özellikle bayanlarda çok daha belirgin olduğu görülmüştür. Tüketicilerin eğitim seviyesi arttıkça beslenme alışkanlıklarında sağlık ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır.
Yaş, süt verimi, süt bileşenleri ve mera kompozisyonundaki değişimlerin Türk saanen keçilerinde süt konjuge linoleik asit miktarına etkilerinin incelenmesi
(2007) Ataşoğlu, Cengiz; Ülkü, Hande Işıl; Uysal Pala, Çiğdem; Karagül Yüceer, Yonca
Linear modeling analysis using for determining the factors affecting 305-day milk yield
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2021) Genç, Serdar; Mendeş, Mehmet
The purpose of this study was to model the factors affecting the 305-day milk yield of dairy cows by using Automatic Linear Modeling Technique (ALM). The data set of this study consisted of eight different cow breeds grown in eight province of Turkey. Results of ALM showed that the accuracy of the model was 64.2 % means that 64.2% of the variation in the 305-day milk yield could be explained by the constructed model. Created model was consisted of four factors namely the Breed, Lactation Length, Parity, and Province. Therefore, those selected factors were more efficient than the others in predicting the 305-day milk yield
Evaluating performance and determining optimum sample size for regression tree and automatic linear modeling
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2021) Genç, Serdar; Mendeş, Mehmet
This study was carried out for two purposes: comparing performances of Regression Tree and Automatic Linear Modeling and determining optimum sample size for these methods under different experimental conditions. A comprehensive Monte Carlo Simulation Study was designed for these purposes. Results of simulation study showed that percentage of explained variation estimates of both Regression Tree and Automatic Linear Modeling was influenced by sample size, number of variables, and structure of variance-covariance matrix. Automatic Linear Modeling had higher performance than Regression Tree under all experimental conditions. It was concluded that the Regression Tree required much larger samples to make stable estimates when comparing to Automatic Linear Modeling
Genotype-environment interaction in layer chickens in the growing stage: comparison of three genotypes at two different feeding levels with or without red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestation
(Copernicus GmbH, 2021) Erdem, Hakan; Savaş, Türker
This study investigated how early growth was affected in various chicken genotypes, which were fed ad libitum or restricted and with or without poultry red mite (PRM) infestation. Atak-S (AS), New Hampshire Red (NHR), and Light Sussex (LS) genotypes were used in the study. In total, 120 chicks were used from each genotype. Four groups were formed: feed-restricted (FR) and infested with parasite (P+), FR only, fed ad libitum and P+ , and fed ad libitum only. Feed restriction was applied as 20ĝ€¯% of the feed consumption of the group fed ad libitum the day before for each genotype. The study was conducted between 2 to 12 weeks of age. Weekly live weights and feed consumption were recorded, and the feed conversion ratio was calculated. Traps were placed in cages to count parasites. Regarding the live weight, NHR tolerated the PRM infestation in the ad libitum feed conditions better than other genotypes. While the infested NHR and AS birds had lower live weights than the non-infested ones under FR conditions, there was no difference between infested and non-infested birds of NHR and AS genotypes when they fed ad libitum. The feed consumption of infested AS and NHR birds was higher than that of non-infested counterparts when fed ad libitum. By contrast, the LS chicks consumed less food in the infested environment. In conclusion, the genotypes responded differently to PRM infestation in different feeding environments.
Genetic identification and characterisation of some Turkish sheep
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Alarslan, Emre; Ata, Nezih; Yılmaz, Onur; Öner, Yasemin; Kaptan, Cüneyt; Savaş, Türker; Yılmaz, Alper
Turkey's biological diversity is considerable because of its biogeographical positions, therefore it is plentiful in terms of diversity in animal genetic resources. Genetic diversity is important in sustainable breeding and conservation programs in livestock. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic structure of Yalova genotype, Kıvırcık, Tahirova and Eşme sheep breed by using twenty microsatellite markers. A total of 223 Turkish native unrelated sheep (Yalova, Kıvırcık, Tahirova and Eşme) which were raised in sixteen flocks located in four different provinces (Kırklareli, Çanakkale, Yalova ve Uşak) were investigated. A total of 543 alleles were found. The number of loci showed deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ranged from 11 (Kıvırcık) to 17 (Yalova). Although a total of 183 private alleles were detected, only 21 of them had allele frequency above 0.05. The number of observed alleles differed from 42 (for OarFCB20 and ILSTS5) to 20 (for OarCP34 and DRBP1). The highest Ne and PIC values (19.23 and 0.95, respectively) were also observed for ILSTS5 locus. While expected heterozygosity (He) ranged between 0.83−0.95, observed heterozygosity differed from 0.69−0.95. These results can be used for the initiation of registration studies for Yalova after combining phenotypic data evaluations.
The use of whey powder in kids artificial rearing in an environmental friendly approach
(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2021) Akçay, Hulusi; Yılmaz, Murat; Kızılkaya, Kadir; Çelik, Kemal; Er, Murat
Whey is a major end-product and accepted as one of pollutant for environment in dairy industry. In this study, whey powder was added to cow milk to compose a milk replacer for kids. 23 Saanen kids at the same age were allotted into 2 groups. 13 kids in the Control Group (CG) were fed by solely mother milk, and 10 kids in the experimental Group (EG) were fed by the milk replacer. The average daily gain between the two groups was compared and no statistically significant differences were found. The differences between EG and CG with regard to glucose and urea levels were found statistically insignificant. These results indicated that kids could be nourished with a milk replacer prepared by adding whey powder into cow milk instead of using the mother milk, which could be marketed in much more profitable ways.
Potential nutritive value of Anagyris foetida shrub for goats
(Springer, 2021) Akbağ, Hande Işıl
This study evaluated the nutritive value of the leaves harvested from Anagyris foetida in terms of chemical and mineral compositions and in vitro gas production. The effects of two sampling periods (March and June) and four treatments: P (control), PP (plant + polyethylene glycol), PC (plant + concentrate) and PPC (plant + polyethylene glycol + concentrate), were studied in 2 x 4 factorial design. The gas production was determined at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubations. The crude protein (CP) content of Anagyris foetida leaves significantly decreased in June (171.48-120.74 g/kg DM). The NDF concentration in March was 332.15 g/kg DM, while it was 371.79 g/kg DM in June. The highest ash content was determined in June. The condensed tannin (CT) concentration of Anagyris foetida leaves ranged between 16.06 to 18.78 g/kg DM. The P concentration significantly decreased (3.65-1.79 g/kg DM) in June, while the Mg concentration significantly increased (4.86-10.03 g/kg DM). The in vitro gas production did not change during the sampling periods. The in vitro gas production, however, was significantly affected by the treatments. The lowest gas production was obtained from P (control) during 96 h of incubation. In conclusion, Anagyris foetida had a poor feeding quality in June; therefore, this study suggests that Anagyris foetida shrub should be browsed or harvested in March. Concentrate feed, PEG or their mixture can be used to enhance rumen fermentation conditions during browsing of Anagyris foetida.
Tarım Alanına Yatırım Yapmayı Amaçlayan Kişiler İçin Tavsiyeler
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2015-12-01) Gümüşhan, Zekeriya
Bu makale ile tarım alanına yatırım yapma planı olan fakat bu konu hakkında yeterli bilgi birikimi, eğitimi ve tecrübesi olmayan kiGilerin, daha iGin baGındayken doğru Gekilde yönlendirilip doğru kararlar verebilmelerinin sağlanması amaçlanmıGtır. Bu amaca ulaGılabilirse, yanlıG veya boGa yapılacak olan yatırımların önüne geçilerek, ülkemizdeki ekonomik kayıpların bir bölümü engellenmiG olacaktır. Ekonomik kayıpların önlenmesinin yanında, tarım arazilerinin betonlaGması ve kirlenmesinin önlenmesi gibi çok önemli faydalar da sağlanabilecektir. Ayrıca bu makalede, halen tarım ile uğraGan kiGiler de kendi durumlarını değerlendirmek için faydalı noktalar bulacaklardır.
Edremit Kelebek Güvercinlerinin Morfolojik Karakterizasyonu
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2018-12-25) Savaş, Türker; Erdem, Hakan; Konyalı, Coşkun
Güvercinler, yüzyıllardır insanoğlunun en çok ilgi duyduğu hayvan türlerinden biridir. Bir ırk zengini olan güvercin türünün ülke, bölge hatta bir yöreye ait lokal ırkları bulunmaktadır. Bölgenin sahip olduğu ve kültürel mirasın bir parçası olan hayvan tür veya ırklarının devamlılığı muhafaza stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi ile mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Edremit ve civarında yetiştirildiği bilinen Edremit Kelebek güvercin ırkının bazı özelliklerinin tanımlanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın materyalini Edremit’te yetiştirilen 83 Edremit Kelebek güvercini oluşturmuştur. Güvercinlerde kantitatif ve kalitatif gözlemler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Renklerine göre Siyah Tel-Kuyruk, Mavi Tel-Kuyruk, Siyah Boyun, Sarı Boyun, Kırmızı Boyun, Mavi Boyun, Şeş ve Siyah olmak üzere çeşitli varyeteleri bulunan Edremit Kelebek güvercini uçuş stili, dönüş hareketi ve renk özellikleri nedeniyle yetiştirilmektedir. Edremit Kelebek güvercinlerinde boynun arka kısmı siyah, mavi veya kırmızı renkte olabileceği gibi tüm vücut aynı renkte de olabilir. Orta uzunlukta bir kuyruğa sahip olan Edremit Kelebek güvercini 13 ile 17 arasında değişen kuyruk teleğine sahiptir. Edremit Kelebekleri solo uçucu olarak bilinirler. Çoklu uçuşlarda ise arı oğluna benzer şekilde karmakarışık uçarlar. Kanat vuruşları bir kelebeğin kanat vuruşlarını andırır. Uçuşları esnasında dönüş, kuşların gaga-kuyruk ekseninde kendi etraflarında dönmeleri ile gerçekleşir. Tanınması, muhafazası, devamlılığı bakımından Edremit Kelebek güvercinlerinin tescilli bir ırk haline gelmesi ülkemiz ve uluslar arası alanda lokal ırklarımızın yer edinmesi açısından önemli olacaktır.
Sütten Kesimin Keçilerin Süt Verimi ve Süt Kompozisyonu ile Oğlakların Büyüme Hızına Etkisi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2019-12-24) Tölü, Cemil
In this study, effects of weaning period on milk yield, milk compositions of goats and growth rate of goat-kids were determined. The research was carried out on 8 head goats and singles born kids of Turkish Saanen genotype. In the study, milk controls were carried out by hand and suckling in the pre-weaning period, and after weaning using hand milking method. Milk measurements were performed for 22 days between 07:00- 08:00 and 17:00-18:00. While the goat-kids were weaned on day 60, live weights were monitored for a total of 22 days in 11 days before and after weaning. In the study, it was determined that the live weights of the goat- kids differed significantly according to weaning periods and genders (P?0.05). While there was no negativity in live weight changes in male goat-kids, it was observed that female goat-kids weights decreased after weaning and stabilized on the 6th day. It was determined that the milk yield, dry fat content, protein content and lactose ratio decreased significantly after weaning (P?0.05). It was observed that milk yield in the morning milking was 60% higher than the milking in the evening (P?0.05). Although milk components were low in the morning, only the difference in milk fat content was significant (P?0.05). It is think that the effects of weaning period in Turkish Saanen goats need to be addressed with more processes of lactation and animals, especially for female goat-kids and dams.
Türk Saanen Keçisi ve Tahirova Koyunlarında Kene Yükü ile Hematolojik Değişime Etkili Faktörler
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020-07-14) Tölü, Cemil; Coşkun, Baver; Savaş, Türker
İnsan ve hayvan sağlığını ciddi biçimde tehdit eden kenelerle ilgili çalışmalar ülkemizde sınırlı düzeydedir. Bu çalışmada, Türk Saanen keçisi ve Tahirova koyunlarında kene tür ve enfestasyon değişimi ile kimyasal mücadelenin kene enfestasyonu ve hematolojik özelliklere etkisi irdelenmiştir. Çalışma, 40 baş Türk Saanen keçisi, 40 baş Tahirova koyunu ile yapılmıştır. Hayvanların vücutlarında bulunan keneler vücudun bölgelerine (kulak, baş, meme, bacak, gövde) göre 21 günlük aralıklarla sayılmıştır. Keneler her bir hayvan türünde 10 başlık kontrol gruplarındaki hayvanlarda sayım yapıldıktan sonra bireysel olarak toplanmıştır. Toplanan keneler plastik tüplerle laboratuvara getirilerek tür ayrımı yapılmıştır. Her bir hayvan türündeki 30 başlık hayvanlarda ise, kene sayımı yapıldıktan sonra Vena jugularis’ten alınan kan örneğinde, hematolojik parametreler belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, keçilerde kene enfestasyonu %2,5 olurken, koyunda kene enfestasyonu %2,5-20,0 arasında değişmiştir. Kene enfestasyonu yaz ve sonbahar aylarında, kış aylarından daha yüksek olmuştur. Her iki hayvan türünde de yalnızca Rhipicephalus bursa kene türü belirlenmiştir. Keçilerde keneler kulakta toplanırken, koyunlarda vulva, kuyruk, meme ve çevresinde toplanmıştır. Keçi ve koyunlarda kene enfestasyonun hematolojik değerlere önemli bir etkisi olmamıştır. Keçi ve koyunlarda hematolojik parametreler yaş ve ölçüm günlerine göre önemli ölçüde değişmiştir (P?0,05). Akarasit uygulaması keçi ve koyunlarda hematolojik özelliklerden sadece eozinofil değerlerini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir (P?0,05). Keçi ve koyunlarda akarasit uygulaması yapılan grupta, uygulama yapılmayanlara göre daha yüksek eozinofil değeri belirlenmiştir (P?0,05). Sonuç olarak çalışma bölgesinde Türk Saanen keçisi ve Tahirova koyunlarında dikkate değer bir doğal kene enfestasyonun olmadığı ve sadece tek bir kene türü ile enfeste oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Keçiler ve koyunlarda eozinofil değerleri akarasit uygulamasına yükselerek tepki vermiştir. Çalışma sonunda, doğal kene enfestasyonun azlığı nedeniyle akarasit uygulamasının yapılmasına gerek olmadığı söylenebilir.

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