Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Diğer Yayınlar Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/3560

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Quark and strange quark matter solutions for higher dimensional FRW universe in Lyra geometry
(Springer Heidelberg, 2015) Aygün, Sezgin; Çağlar, Halife; Taşer, Doğukan; Aktaş, Can
In this study, we have investigated the higher dimensional flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe for a cloud of string with perfect fluid attached quark and strange quark matter (SQM) in Lyra geometry. Generalized (n + 2) dimensional flat FRW universe solutions have been achieved with the aid of equation of states (EOS) and deceleration parameter (q). From the field equations, we have obtained that the cloud of string with perfect fluid does not survive. Since the string tension density vanishes (lambda = 0) for this model, as a result, the cloud of string with perfect-fluid-attached quark and strange quark matter energy-momentum tensor is automatically transformed into a perfect-fluid-attached quark and strange quark matter energy-momentum tensor. Also, our solutions agree with Halford's study. beta(2) behaves like a cosmological constant. When t -> infinity the pressure of quark matter and the density go to zero, then, the quark matter transforms into another matter with time. Also our quark matter solutions are in agreement with the present idea.
Anisotropic universe models with magnetized strange quark matter in f(R) gravity theory
(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2020) Özdemir, Onur; Aktaş, Can
In this study, we have investigated generalized anisotropic universe models for magnetized strange quark matter (MSQM) distribution in the framework of f(R) gravitation theory. For this aim, we have used linearly varying deceleration parameter suggested by Akarsu and Dereli (2012) and equation of state for strange quark matter. For LRS Bianchi I universe model, the magnetic field was obtained as zero. But it was found to be different from zero for other universe models. Also, the geometric and physical aspects of the model are discussed in the conclusion.
Investigation of the magnetized string distribution in the Marder universe with the cosmological term in f(R, T) theory
(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2020) Kömürcü, Cihan; Aktaş, Can
In this study, we first obtained the cosmological term naturally in the Einstein-Hilbert type effect for the f (R, T) theory, then we discussed the magnetized string matter in the Marder universe, later the matter Lagrangian is not equivalent to string dust and we calculated independently for the string dust and the electromagnetic field, and added the magnetized string together. Finally, we studied the physical and geometric structure of the universe, limiting our results to some astrophysical observation data.
Jeoelektrik ve Jeodezik Ölçmelerle Heyelanların Zamansal İzlenmesi Üzerine Bir İnceleme
(Jeomorfoloji Derneği, 2019) Yılmaz Turgal, Ayşe; Erenoğlu, Ramazan Cüneyt
Bu çalışmada, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Terzioğlu Yerleşkesi yakınındaki bir bölgede meydana gelen aktif heyelanın incelenmesi amacıyla jeodezi ve jeofizik alanlarının ortak çalışması kapsamında arazi çalışması, veri değerlendirme ve modellemegerçekleştirilmiştir. GPS (Küresel Konum Sistemi) teknolojisinin gelişmesiyle uydulardan yayılan ve eş zamanlı olarak alıcılarda top anan kod ve faz ölçümleri y rdımıyla gerçek zamanlı olarak yüksek doğrulukta konum belirlenmenin gerçekleştiği sistemler kullanılmaktadır. Yersel ölçme yöntemlerinin aksine konumlama hızlı, etkin ve ekonomik olarak gerçekleştiğinden yer bilimleri dâhil pek çok alanda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.Jeodezik GPS yöntemi ile yeryüzündeki heyelanın hareketi yüksek doğru ukla tanımlanıpjeofizik yöntemlerden elektrik özdirenç yöntemiyle de yeraltında meydana gelen değişim ve kayma yüzeyinin yüzey altı geometrisiincelenerek analiz yapılmış ve heyelanın mekanizması ve etkileri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında iki aşamalı ölçüm alınm ştır. Ölçümlerin planlanmasında mevsimsel etkiler göz önüne alınmıştır. Ölçü mlerde “Dipole-Dipole” elektrot dizilimi kullanılmış ve heyelanın kayma doğrultusunda bir hat üzerinde ölçüm alınmıştır. Bu ölçümler programlarla desteklenerek yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda kampanya tipi gerçekleştirilen ölçümlerden elde edilecek jeodezik ve jeofiziksel modellemelerle heyelan alanının güncel hareketinin yönü ve büyük üğünün yanısıra heyelanın kayma düzleminin konum ve tüm bu parametrelerin ilişkileri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Yaz başında alınan elektrik özdirenç verileri kısmen yorumlandığında bölgede cm boyutunda kaymalar tespit edilmiş olup, zemin - yüzey ilişkisiyle doğrulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan çok elektrotlu DoğruAkım Özdirenç (DAÖ) ölçümlerinin yeraltı litolojisinin tahmin edilmesinde ve kayma düzleminin yerinin tespit edilmesinde faydalı sonuçlar verebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Deformation Analysis by Geomatic and Geotechnical Methods in Highway Tunnels
(2019) Yüceses, Okan; Erenoğlu, Ramazan Cüneyt
In the highway transportation network, the tunnel has an important place. Tunnels are used to provide safe, comfortable andeconomical transportation in areas where topography is not available. In addition to the facilities provided by the tunnels, there arevarious risks during and after the manufacturing phase. These risks need to be anticipated and manufacturing must be shaped toaddress these risks. Therefore, deformation analysis in tunnel projects has an important place. During and after manufacture, it isnecessary to determine and follow the deformations.In this study, Ayvacık - Küçükkuyu highway in Çanakkale will be dealt as T1 Tunnel between km 10 + 700 - 12 + 400. Due to thefact that the region is located on the earthquake zone and because of this reason it has a mixed lithology, it is very important to followthe deformations. In this context, it is aimed to analyze the relationship and dimensions of deformation factors in the structure byusing geodetic and geotechnical measurement methods. The relationship between these data and the load, pressure and tension valuesobserved on horizontal and vertical movements will be examined during the manufacturing process. Moreover, due to the fact thatthe zone is located on the earthquake zone, earthquakes that occur in the region during the manufacturing process and themanufacturing effects of these earthquakes will be investigated.With this study, it is aimed to give guidance to manufacturing by predicting deformation and external effects that may occur and arisein engineering constructions. The required revisions should be made in the fortification systems in line with the predeterminedparameters. In this way, it is aimed to ensure that the manufacturing process continues in the most economical and safest manner.
Length-Weight Relationships of Elasmobranch Species From Gokceada Island in the Northern Aegean Sea
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Cabbar, Koray; Yığın, Cahide Çiğdem
Lenght – weight relationships (LWRs) were estimated for eight elasmobranchs (five sharks and three batoids) off the Gökçeada Island, Northern Aegean Sea. All specimens were collected by commercial bottom trawl at depths ranging from 120–400 m between February and November 2019. A total of 2991 individuals (1143 Scyliorhinus canicula, 110 Scyliorhinus stellaris, 795 Galeus melastomus, 575 Etmopterus spinax, 48 Squalus acanthias, 255 Raja clavata, 29 Raja miraletus, 36 Dipturus oxyrinchus) were sampled and studied. Results showed that most species had positive allometric growth and the values of parameter b ranged between 2.93 and 4.01. Furthermore, five shark (Mustelus asterias, Mustelus mustelus, Centrophorus granulosus, Hexanchus griseus, Oxynotus centrina) and eight batoid species (Dasyatis pastinaca, Gymnura altavela, Pteromylaeus bovinus, Leucoraja naevus, Rostroraja alba, Myliobatis aquila, Torpedo marmorata, Tetronarce nobiliana) were described, yet because they amounted to less than ten, only their respective descriptive statistics were determined.
Türk Boğazlar Sistemi Balıkçılarının Seyir Emniyeti ve Denizde Emniyet Farkındalıklarının Ölçülmesi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2022) Taşlı, Burhan; Ayaz, Adnan
Her iş kolunda olduğu gibi balıkçılıkta da emniyet faktörü göz ardı edilemeyecek kadar önemlidir. Balıkçı teknelerinde ne kadar ekipman ve malzeme eksikliği bulunmasa da emniyet konusu çalışanlar tarafından özümsenmemiş ise tehlike devam ediyor diyebiliriz. Ayrıca denizde emniyetin sadece tekne üzerindeki ekipmanlarla sağlanacağı düşüncesi çok eksik kalmaktadır. Özellikle balıkçıların av bölgelerindeki seyir kısıtlamaları ve zorlukları bilmemesi ciddi tehlike arz etmektedir. Çalışma alanımız olan Türk Boğazları da dünyanın en tehlikeli ve yoğun trafiğe sahip su yoludur. Bu sebeple, balıkçıların meteorolojik, navigasyon ve coğrafi tüm kısıtlamalara hakim olmaları gerekmektedir. Av sahasına ulaşmak veya boğazları av sahası olarak kullanan balıkçılarla, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşme sonucunda denizde emniyet ve seyir emniyeti farkındalıklarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yeniköy Limanı’nda 1 balıkçıyla, Kumkale Limanı’nda 1 balıkçıyla, Gelibolu taş iskelede 2 balıkçıyla, Şarköy Limanı’nda 2 balıkçıyla, Hoşköy Limanı’nda 4 balıkçıyla, Çakılköy Limanı’nda 5 balıkçıyla, Karşıyaka Limanı’nda 5 balıkçıyla ve Kurşunlu Limanı’nda ise 3 balıkçıyla, toplamda 23 balıkçıyla görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler, katılımcıların izni doğrultusunda ses kaydına alınarak içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, balıkçıların, çoğunlukla emniyet faktörünü göz ardı ettiği ve özellikle emniyet ekipmanlarını maddi bir yük oluşturan gider kalemi olarak gördükleri tespit edilmiştir. Seyir emniyeti farkındalıklarının denizde emniyet farkındalıklarına göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ekipman bulundurma konusunda ise eksiklerinin olmadığı fakat genellikle sörvey çekincesi ile donatıldığı görülmüştür.
Küçük Ölçekli Balıkçılığın Sosyo-Ekonomik Durumu, Çanakkale (Kuzey Ege), Türkiye
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020) Şahin, Erhan; Özekinci, Uğur
In this study, the socio-economic structure of the fishermen operating in Çanakkale were examined. Related data were obtained from regional fishery cooperatives and face-to-face interviews with boat owners that are registered in the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry. For this purpose, 803 fishing vessels smaller than 12 m and licensed in Çanakkale were divided into 3 size groups and a survey was conducted with a total of 242 (30.14%) fishermen selected by "stratified random sampling". Results indicated that 95.04% of the boats were made of wood, 97.11% of the boat owners were male, and all the fishermen were over 25 years old. The majority of fishermen (46.69%), were primary school graduates. In addition, almost 90% of fishermen had social securities. When asked why they chose fishing as an occupation 35.54% stated that it was family profession and 32.23% emphasized that they had no other option while 29.75% expressed their passion for the sea. In addition, 63.63% of the fishermen never had a profession other than fisheries, 61.57% were members of fishing cooperatives and 90% marketed their products through brokers. Although 66.70% of the fishermen stated that they were not satisfied with the level of income, the majority (89.67%) did not want to leave fisheries. The results indicated that, despite small scale fisheries is a challenging occupation with limited income, it is perceived as an crucial and important way of life in Çanakkale region. The results of the study can assist policymakers to develop management strategies regarding the sustainability of small-scale fisheries in the province of Çanakkale.
Saros Körfezi Ağ Dalyan Balıkçılığı Üzerine Bir İnceleme
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020) Çalışkan, İsmail; Ayaz, Adnan
Çalışma Saros Körfezinde bulunan ağ dalyanların av verimleri, tür boy kompozisyonları ve ağ planlarının incelenmesi amacıyla Nisan 2019 – Eylül 2019 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dalyanlara karadan ulaşım olmadığı için, dalyanların lojistik ihtiyaçları beşyol köyü sınırları içinde yer alan Ece Limanından yapılmaktadır. Çalışmada Ece limanına gidilerek dalyan sahipleri ile görüşmeler ve dalyanlardan gelen balıkların boy ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Sezon başlamadan önce dalyanda kullanılan ağların teknik planları incelenerek Türkiye’de ilk defa planlarının çizimi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, 2019 balıkçılık sezonunda Saros Körfezi'nde incelenen 3 adet ağ dalyanda 9 familyaya ait 12 türün yakalandığı belirlenmiştir. İncelenen Ağ dalyanların av verimleri Arifağa taşları mevkii için 53,9 kg/gün, Bozburun mevkii için 52,6 kg/gün ve Mersinlik bölgesi için 43,2 kg/gün olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Saros Körfezi'nde dalyanların yaptığı avcılığın yasal boy altı balıkları önemli derecede yakalamadığı görülmüştür. Ek olarak, sonuçlar Saros Körfezi'ndeki dalyanlarının ağ yapılarının modernize edilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur.
Balıkçılık Eğitimi ve Sertifikalandırılması Üzerine Bir Çalışma
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2019) Taşlı, Burhan; Ayaz, Adnan
Türkiye’ de tekneyle balıkçılık faaliyeti yapacak bir kişinin tekne kullanabilmek için yeterlilik belgesi ve balıkçılık faaliyetinde bulunabilmesi için de ruhsat tezkeresi alması gerekmektedir. Yeterlilik belgesi için en az 240 saatlik eğitim almak zorunda olduğu halde ruhsat tezkeresi almak için herhangi bir eğitim şartı bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, balıkçılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren kişilere yönelik, balıkçıların eğitim gereksinimleri de göz önüne alınarak Balıkçılık ve Avlama sertifikası adı altında bir sertifika eğitimi planlaması yapılmıştır. Hazırlanan sertifika programı ile bilinçsiz avlanmanın önüne geçilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca eğiticilerin akademisyenlerden oluşturulması sayesinde, balıkçılarla akademisyenlerin iş birliğinin artması için bir fırsat sağlanacaktır. İş birliği ve güven artışı ile, balıkçılar ve akademisyenler arasındaki bilimsel çalışmalara yönelik olarak ihtiyaç duyulan bilgi alışverişinin daha etkin ve güvenilir hale gelmesi mümkündür. Sertifika programı planlanırken alınacak sertifikanın özellikleri, eğitim müfredatı, süresi ve eğitici kriterleri belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla ilgili fakültelerin ders konuları, ilgili bakanlıkların yasal mevzuatı ve diğer kurumların eğitim programları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca sertifikalandırma konusunda yetkili kurum, işlem basamakları, eğitimin detayları gibi konular çalışma içerisinde tartışılarak en uygun model belirlenmiştir. *Bu araştırma, Burhan Taşlı’nın Yüksek Lisans Tez çalışmasının bir bölümüdür
Deniz Ürünleri ile Hazırlanan İçeceğin Duyusal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2019) Uzun, Eray; Berik, Nermin
Sensorial properties of healthy beverages as well as all foods, is an important issue in development of new food products. In general, the consumer interests are increasing in the healthy beverages and seafood. Although there is potential of processing unknown raw materials as beverages, their research on product development is limited. In studies related to new product development; it is expected that they should be acceptable in terms of sensorial and they should be sustainable and economical. Attention should be paid to species having economical value in spite of they are not among the traditional. With this context, chemical composition and importance of the seafood as an alternative food are known. In this study; sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) tests, which are considered to be waste were evaluated. Sea lettuce (Ulva rigida) and a local rice species called as Osmancık (Oryza sativa) were used to increasing the quality of the healthy drinks. Sensory analyzes were performed with expert panellists (10 people) for the products obtained with different formulations. According to sensory analysis; products were rated as good with 112.5 points in the by hedonic rating (0-150).
Age, Growth and Reproduction of the Thornback ray, Raja clavata (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Waters Off Gökçeada (the Northern Aegean Sea)
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Yığın, Cahide Çiğdem; Cabbar, Koray; İşmen, Ali; Daban, İsmail Burak; Arslan İhsanoğlu, Mukadder
In this study, the age, growth, maturity, and reproductive biology parameters of 262 Raja clavata, which were collected monthly from commercial trawlers off Gökçeada between February 2019 and February 2020, were estimated. The individuals comprise of 55.7% females and 44.3% males. The length of the females ranged between 23-84.2 cm (Disc width: 13.5-55.8 cm) and 11.2-74 cm (Disc width: 8-48.9 cm) for males. For age determination, age readings were performed on the vertebrae of 255 Raja clavata specimens (43.5% female, 56.4% male). The calculated von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated to be L∞= 93.04 cm, K=0.17 years-1, to=0.48 years for males, and L∞=102.46 cm, K=0.16 years-1, t0 =0.72 years for females. The minimum and maximum ages of the thornback rays ranged from 1 to 10 years. The first sexual maturity length of the population was measured to be L50 =57.7 cm in males, and L50 =66.1 cm in females.
Relationship Between Environmental Factors, Meat Quality and Biochemical Composition Bearded Horse Mussel (Modiolusbarbatus, Linnaeus 1758) Ayvalik Bay, Balikesir- Turkey
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Acarlı, Sefa; Karakoç, Şenay; Vural, Pervin
Consumption of the bivalve and gastropod species from the Mollusca phylum has been increasing recently due to the high quality of their nutrient content compared to the terrestrial species. Especially bivalve species have an important share within the world total aquaculture production amount. The bearded horse mussels, Modiolus barbatus, (Linnaeus 1758) are consumed particularly in Europe. This study has been conducted from April 2016 to March 2017 in Kumru Cove in Ayvalık Bay, Balıkesir (N 39º18’07.6” and E 26º38’01.1”). Environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, particulate organic matter and particulate inorganic matter were monitored during the sampling period. The meat yield, condition index, shell component index, biochemical composition values were measured and calculated monthly during the study period. The condition index and meat yield values varied by 4.87–10.22 and 17.04 -23.37%, respectively. A negative relationship between protein and carbohydrate and also between carbohydrate and total lipid, and ash and moisture were found in the study (P ≤ 0.05). Temperature fluctuation had effect on salinity, condition index, shell component index, carbohydrate and moisture while seston influenced meat yield (P ≤ 0.05). The morphometric relationship of length/width and length/weight showed a negative allometry, while the isometric relationship was found between length and height.
Nasturtium officinale R.Br. ve Mentha aquatica L. taksonlarının farklı kurşun elementi konsantrasyonlarındaki tepkilerinin araştırılması
(Ege University Faculty of Fisheries, 2021) Boyalan, Gizem İlgun; Erduğan, Hüseyin
Bu çalışmada tarımsal faaliyetlerin ve kurşun kirliliğinin Umurbey Çayı’nda (Çanakkale) yaşayan Nasturtium officinale ve Mentha aquatica makrofitleri üzerindeki morfolojik ve fizyolojik etkinin belirlenmesi ile bitkiler arası rekabet araştırılmıştır. Araştırma materyali olan makrofitler Çanakkale ili, Umurbey ilçesi, Umurbey Çayı'nın her iki tarafında meyve bahçeleri ile kaplı olan Gökköy Geçemeği’nin alt kısmından Mayıs-Haziran 2016 tarihlerinde toplanmıştır. Makrofitler 3 gün süreyle besin çözeltisi içerisinde adaptasyon sürecine bırakılmıştır. İlk aşamada kurşun kirliliğinin makrofit türlerinin morfolojisi ve fizyolojisi üzerine etkisi 1, 5 ve 10 ppm Pb konsantrasyonlarında tekli kültürde incelenmiştir. Sonra karışık kültürde ara doz olan 5 ppm Pb konsantrasyonunda iki makrofit türünün rekabet kabiliyeti incelenmiştir. Ayrıca klorofil a ve b, karotenoit, serbest prolin, protein, toplam fenolik bileşik miktarı, adsorblanan kurşun miktarı ile toplam potasyum, fosfor, demir ve magnezyum miktarlarına bakılmıştır. Su teresinin morfolojik olarak en fazla etkilendiği 5 ppm Pb dozunda, P, Fe, Mg, K, Pb ve protein içeriği de en fazla seviyeye ulaşmıştır. Aynı zamanda bu dozda su teresi fotosentetik pigment ve serbest prolin seviyesini en aza indirmiştir. Su nanesinin morfolojik olarak en çok etkilendiği doz 10 ppm Pb dozudur. Bahsi geçen dozda su nanesinin P, Fe, Mg ve K miktarı en yüksek değerine ulaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada kurşun stresinin olmadığı, sucul bitkilerin bir arada yetiştirildiği ikili kontrol gruplarında, su nanesinin morfolojik ve fizyolojik olarak daha dirençli olduğu kanıtlamıştır. Kurşunun stres olarak uygulandığı durumda ise, su teresinin daha fazla mücadeleci olduğu morfolojik ve fizyolojik olarak gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile su teresinin, su nanesine göre absorpladığı kurşun miktarının iki katından daha fazla kurşun adsorplayarak iyi bir kurşun akümülatörü olduğu belirlenmiştir.
A comparative study of amino acid, mineral and vitamin profiles of milk from Turkish Saanen, Hair and Maltese goat breeds throughout lactation
(Wiley, 2021) Günay, Emine; Güneşer, Onur; Karagül Yüceer, Yonca
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in nutritional compounds such as amino acids, minerals, and vitamins in the milk of Turkish Saanen, Hair and Maltese goat breeds. The Turkish Saanen goat breed had lower dry matter, fat, nitrogen, and vitamins A, E and B-2 than Maltese and Hair goat breeds throughout lactation period. High levels of proline, leucine, glutamic acid, and glutamine were found in all breeds. Except for tyrosine, all other amino acids were higher in Hair goat milk than those in other breed milk. The calcium content of the samples ranged from 1164.79 to 1214.16 mg/L.
Quantitative Phase Imaging of Thin Film Surface
(Polish Acad Sciences Inst Physics, 2021) Tiryaki, Erhan; Kocahan, O.; Özder, Serhat
In this study, the white light diffraction phase microscopy and the generalized Morse wavelet are proposed to achieve practical and precise measurement of a thin film surface. The white light diffraction phase microscopy provides low speckle noise and single-shot measurement, and thus it has been used to produce an image with interference fringes from the surface of a thin film. Relying on produced interferogram, quantitative phase information of the thin film surface has been obtained using the continuous wavelet transform. In the calculation of the quantitative phase, in many studies the continuous wavelet transform method with different wavelets is preferred. The Morlet wavelet is a commonly used one with a fixed resolution. An alternative approach is proposed using the generalized Morse wavelet capable of controlling the resolution. It has an additional advantage of varying the two parameters, thus improving the sensitivity of phase calculation. Results of the generalized Morse wavelet were compared with the Morlet and Paul wavelets which also have one varying parameter. For the determination of the thin film surface profile, besides the white light diffraction phase microscopy, surfaces have been investigated by a Dektak stylus profilometer and a scanning electron microscope. In this way, it was possible to observe the difference between the most commonly used methods with regard to the imaging of thin film surfaces. The application of the white light diffraction phase microscopy with the generalized Morse wavelet was compared with the common microscopy techniques for studying thin film surfaces, and experimental results were discussed at the end of the study.
Paving Luteolin Therapeutic Potentialities and Agro-FoodPharma Applications: Emphasis on In Vivo Pharmacological Effects and Bioavailability Traits
(Hindawi, 2021) Taheri, Yasaman; Sharifi-Rad, Javad; Antika, Gizem; Yılmaz, Yakup Berkay; Boyuneğmez Tümer, Tuğba; Abuhamdah, Sawsan
Luteolin is a naturally occurring secondary metabolite belonging to the class of flavones. As many other natural flavonoids, it is often found in combination with glycosides in many fruits, vegetables, and plants, contributing to their biological and pharmacological value. Many preclinical studies report that luteolin present excellent antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects, and as a consequence, various clinical trials have been designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of luteolin in humans. However, luteolin has a very limited bioavailability, which consequently affects its biological properties and efficacy. Several drug delivery strategies have been developed to raise its bioavailability, with nanoformulations and lipid carriers, such as liposomes, being the most intensively explored. Pharmacological potential of luteolin in various disorders has also been underlined, but to some of them, the exact mechanism is still poorly understood. Given the great potential of this natural antioxidant in health, this review is aimed at providing an extensive overview on the in vivo pharmacological action of luteolin and at stressing the main features related to its bioavailability, absorption, and metabolism, while essential steps determine its absolute health benefits and safety profiles. In addition, despite the scarcity of studies on luteolin bioavailability, the different drug delivery formulations developed to increase its bioavailability are also listed here.
Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus species isolated from raw and processed seafood
(Springer, 2022) Çardak, Mine; Özmen Toğay, Sine; Ay, Mustafa; Karaalioğlu, Onur; Erol, Özlem; Bağcı, Ufuk
This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance characteristics and virulence genes of enterococci isolated from raw and processed seafood sold in the Marmara Region, Turkey. In this context, the enterococcal load was determined as between 1.0 and 2.5 log CFU/g in 39 of a total of 397 samples. It was determined that 117 strains isolated from the samples belonged to Enterococcus gallinarum, E. casseliflavus, E. durans, E. faecium, and E. faecalis species. Erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, and gentamicin resistance was observed, whereas the tetM, ermB, aac(6')-aph(2'')-la genes were found in a majority of the isolates. It was also determined that the isolates carried the agg2 and gelE virulence genes. When all these results are evaluated, the presence of these isolates in aquatic products may pose a risk in terms of food safety and public health.
Geoheritage in a Mythical and Volcanic Terrain: an Inventory and Assessment Study for Geopark and Geotourism, Nemrut Volcano (Bitlis, Eastern Turkey)
(Springer, 2021) Ertekin, Can; Ekinci, Yunus Levent; Büyüksaraç, Aydın; Ekinci, Rezzan
Mt. Nemrut (Nemrut volcano or caldera) is a quiescent Quaternary volcano situated in Eastern Anatolia (Turkey) near the western shore of Lake Van. The onset of Nemrut volcanism comprised lava flows and the formation of peripheral silicic doming representing the pre-caldera stage. After the syn-caldera stage (caldera-forming), which entailed widespread pyroclastics, the post-caldera stage produced peralkaline-type rocks, ash eruptions, and rift activities with basalt- and rhyolite (comendite)-type lava flows; a lava lake represents the latest volcanic activity (1441, 1597, and 1692 ad). The scope of this study involves building an inventory and assessing the site-specific geodiversity elements of Nemrut volcano that are relevant for geotourism use and geopark development. Nemrut volcano produces diverse abiotic elements with geomorphologic, structural, lithologic, and hydrologic values. The domes (Kirkor and Kale) and the Nemrut camels are geomorphological geosites. The lakes (hot and cold lakes) are hydrological geosites. The rift zone includes geosites with lithologic elements. The Nemrut caldera geosite consists of different amalgamations of abiotic elements. The method of Brilha (2016) was used to assess the geosites of Nemrut volcano. The average scientific value and geotourism use (potential touristic use) scores for all geosites are 3.16 and 2.32, respectively. The scientific values are greatest for the geosites of the caldera (3.60) and the lakes (3.40). The highest geotourism scores match well with the highest scientific value scores, obtained for the caldera and the lakes. The geological diversity indicator, a sub-component of the scientific value, is remarkably high for the caldera geosite (0.2) compared to the other geosites (0.0). The uniqueness (a geo-patrimonial criterion), bio-cultural and aesthetic scores highly influence the geotourism scores for the geosites of the caldera, lakes and rift zone compared to the scores of the other geosites. We propose that Nemrut volcano, and especially the geosites of Nemrut caldera and the lakes, has significant geopark and geoheritage values. Nemrut volcano, a proposed geopark site, exhibits the most recent volcanism in Anatolia and is among the geoparks included in the European Geoparks Network. The volcano is registered as a Ramsar site and supports vulnerable and endangered species (Melanitta fusca and endemic plants). The volcano is also a distinctive cultural landscape with a mythical origin and is relatively close to the touristic sites of the ruins of Urartu, an archaic kingdom in the northern part of the ancient Near East extending into portions of Eastern Anatolia. Due to these cultural assets and geo-assets, Nemrut volcano is a relevant geotouristic destination. The development of this volcano into a geopark may contribute to rural development by increasing local gross domestic product (GDP) in terms of employment and touristic traffic. Additionally, we make some recommendations related to infrastructure, precautions (medical services and a warning system for natural hazards), tourism services and a geopark tourist route to increase the importance of the volcano as a geopark.
Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Trifluralin at a Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrode
(Wiley, 2021) Gege, Ümit; Karakaya, Serkan; Dilgin, Yusuf
A sensitive differential pulse (DP) voltammetric method has been proposed for the determination of trifluralin (TFA) based on both its reduction and oxidation at a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE). DP voltammograms recorded under optimized conditions show that oxidation and reduction peak currents increased linearly in the range from 1.0 to 75.0 mu M and from 0.50 to 100.0 mu M TFA, respectively. LOD and sensitivity values have been determined as 0.39 mu M and 11170 mu A mM(-1) cm(-2) for oxidation and as 0.20 mu M and 22167 mu A mM(-1) cm(-2) for reduction. The acceptable recovery values (95.2-104.8 %) were obtained from real water samples.

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