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Çanakkale İlinin Farklı Ekolojilerinde Yetiştirilen Bozcaada Çavuşu (Vitis vinifera L.) Üzüm Çeşidinde Pomolojik Özelliklerin Saptanması
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2024) Dardeniz, Alper; Dinçkal, Serdar
Bu araştırma, Çanakkale ilinin farklı ekolojilerinde yetiştirilen ‘Bozcaada Çavuşu’ üzüm çeşidinde pomolojik özelliklerin saptanması amacıyla, 2023 yılı vejetasyon döneminde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, Çanakkale ili Bozcaada ilçesinde farklı mevkilerdeki 4 adet ve Bayramiç ilçesi Çavuşlu köyünde farklı mevkilerdeki 2 adet ‘Bozcaada Çavuşu’ üzüm çeşidi bağından salkım örnekleri alınmıştır. Araştırma, tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde 3 tekerrürlü olarak planlanmış ve her tekerrürde 3’er adet omcaya yer verilmiştir. Bozcaada 1; en uzun boylu, en sık, en ağır salkımların elde edildiği, salkımlardaki toplam tane ve normal tane sayısının ile çekirdek sayısının en fazla olduğu, en kısa tane en, boy ve ağırlığı ile en düşük pH’a sahip bağ olmuştur. Bozcaada 2; en az partenokarpik taneye ve en yüksek SÇKM ve pH’a sahip bağ olarak belirlenmiştir. Bozcaada 3; en dar, en hafif, en az normal tane sayısına sahip gevşek yapılı ve en olgun salkımların elde edildiği bağ olmuştur. Bayramiç 1; en geniş salkımların, en fazla partenokarpik ve toplam kalın kabuklu tanenin alındığı, en düşük SÇKM ile olgunluk indisinin elde edildiği ve en parlak ve yeşil renkli tanelerin alındığı bağ olmuştur. Bayramiç 2; en kısa salkımların, en enli, uzun ve en ağır tanelerin elde edildiği bağ olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Cardinal (Vitis vinifera L.) Üzüm Çeşidinde Taç Yönetimi Uygulamasının Omca Taç Mikroklimasına Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2024) Şahin, Esra; Çoban, Harun; Dardeniz, Alper; Kaya, Çağlar; Demir, Sefer; Avcı, Berna; Yanlıç, Tuğçe
Bu araştırma, ‘ÇOMÜ Dardanos Yerleşkesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitkisel Üretim Araştırma ve Uygulama Birimi’ ‘Sofralık Üzüm Çeşitleri Uygulama ve Araştırma Bağı’ndaki ‘Cardinal’ üzüm çeşidi üzerinde 2024 yılında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, kısa ve karışık kış budaması gerçekleştirilen omcalarda taç yönetimi uygulamasının omca taç mikroklimasına etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen araştırma bulgularına göre; ‘Cardinal’ üzüm çeşidinde, budama ana etkisinin (BUAET) taç içi sıcaklığına ve taç içi bağıl neme etkisi istatistikî olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Karışık kış budamasında (KAKB) 34.79°C olan taç içi sıcaklığı kısa kış budamasında (KIKB) 35.13°C ile daha yüksek bir sonuç vermiştir. KAKB’nda %34.76 olan taç içi bağıl nem, KIKB’nda %34.04 ile daha düşük bir değer almıştır. Rüzgâr hızı açısından, KAKB ile KIKB arasında BUAET’nin herhangi önemli bir etkisi tespit edilememiştir. KAKB’nda 9560.2 lüks olarak belirlenen taç içi ışık şiddeti, KIKB’nda 10788.9 lüks olarak ölçülmüştür. Uygulama ana etkisinin (UYAET) sıcaklık, bağıl nem, rüzgâr hızı ve ışık şiddeti bakımından kontrol (KNT) ve taç yönetimi (TY) arasında istatistikî açıdan önemli farklılıklar meydana getirdiği belirlenmiştir. Buna göre omca taç içinde KNT’de 34.73°C olan sıcaklık, yapılan TY’nin ardından 35.19°C’ye yükselmiş ve bağıl nem ise %35.65’ten %33.15’e düşmüştür. Rüzgâr hızı 1.79 m sn–1’den 2.47 m sn–1’ye ve ışık şiddeti 7728.0 lüks’ten 12621.0 lüks değerine çıkmıştır. Bununla birlikte, salkım ve yaprak yüzey sıcaklığı değerleri de yapılan uygulamalardan istatistikî olarak etkilenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; incelenen omca taç içi mikroklima değerlerinin yapılan farklı uygulamalara göre istatistikî olarak önemli farklılıklar oluşturduğu, bu durumun da üzüm verimi, kalitesi, hastalıklar ve zararlı populasyonu gibi birçok faktör ile birlikte değerlendirilmesinin bağcılık açısından yararlı sonuçlar ortaya koyabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Effects of Girdling Treatments at Different Periods and Width on Grape Quality in Yalova Çekirdeksizi (V. vinifera L.) Grape Variety
(Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, 2024) Şahin, Esra; Dardeniz, Alper
This research was carried out in 2022 and 2023 to determine the effects of different width and single–double girdling treatments on grape quality in different phenologic periods of ‘Yalova Çekirdeksizi’ grape variety grown in the ‘Table Grape Varieties Application and Research Vineyard’ located in the ‘ÇOMÜ Dardanos Campus, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Production Research and Application Unit’. Within the scope of the research, a total of 9 treatments, including the control, were carried out in two different phenologic periods pre–bloom and post–berry set, followed by two different widths of single repeated girdling treatments, and double repeated girdling treatments during the veraison period. As a result; the numeral decrease in yield in the 5 mm girdling treatments (4.33 kg grapevine–1) may be due to the removal of a wider bark+phloem layer, resulting in a later closure of the wound tissues compared to the 3 mm girdling treatments (4.95 kg grapevine–1), and thus a decrease in assimilate products stored in the main root and old parts. Therefore, it was concluded that although 5 mm girdling treatments continue to give positive results in terms of grape quality in many parameters, it is not appropriate to repeat them more than one year in terms of average yield.
Çanakkale İli Koşullarında Yalova İncisi (Vitis vinifera L.) Üzüm Çeşidinden Yılda İki Ana Ürün Alma Olanaklarının Belirlenmesi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2024) Dardeniz, Alper; Şahin, Esra; Çoban, Harun; Kaya, Çağlar
Bu araştırma, ‘ÇOMÜ Dardanos Yerleşkesi Ziraat Fakültesi Çiftçiliği Bitkisel Üretim ve Araştırma Birimi’ Sofralık Üzüm Çeşitleri Araştırma ve Uygulama Bağı’nda yer alan, 41B anacı üzerine aşılı 12 yaşlı ‘Yalova İncisi’ üzüm çeşidi üzerinde, iki vejetasyon yılı süresince yürütülmüştür. Çanakkale ili koşullarında ‘Yalova İncisi’ üzüm çeşidinden yılda iki ana ürün alma olanaklarının belirlenebilmesi amacıyla, üzüm çeşidi omcaları üzerinde farklı uygulamalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Normal ürün (KNT) omcaları her iki yılda da herhangi bir uygulamaya tabi tutulmamıştır. Birinci ana ürün (BAÜ) uygulaması omcalarında ilk yıl bazı erkencilik uygulamaları gerçekleştirilmiş, bu erkencilik uygulamalarına ikinci yılda gerek duyulmamıştır. İkinci ana ürün (İAÜ) uygulaması omcaları erkencilik uygulamaları yapılmış olan aynı omcalardır. İAÜ hasadının hemen ardından mevcut yazlık sürgünler kış budamasında olduğu gibi 2–3 göz üzerinden yapraklı şekilde yeniden kısa budanmıştır. İlk yıl ve ikinci yılda en yüksek ortalama verim KNT’den (2161.8 g omca–1 ve 3372.6 g omca–1) alınmıştır. İlk yılda İAÜ uygulamasında en düşük (1229.9 g omca–1) ortalama verim elde edilirken, BAÜ uygulaması 1840.6 g omca–1 ile ara grubu oluşturmuştur. İkinci yılda İAÜ uygulamasından ancak 354.7 g omca–1 ortalama verim elde edilebilmiş, ortalama verim BAÜ uygulamasında da azalarak 1271.9 g omca–1’a gerileyerek başka bir grubu oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; erkencilik uygulamaları yapıldığı takdirde, Çanakkale ili koşullarında ‘Yalova İncisi’ üzüm çeşidinden bir vejetasyon yılında iki ana ürün almanın mümkün olabileceği belirlenmiştir
Determination of the variation in volatile components during the ripening of Sorbus domestica L. fruit
(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2025) Gür, Engin; Gündoğdu, Mehmet Ali; Başaran, Tuba
Sorbus domestica L. is a deciduous shrub-like tree in the Rosaceae family that reaches different heights (3-25 m). The service tree commonly grows in the Marmara region, Central and Western Black Sea regions, and Central Anatolia in Tiirkiye. The fruit of the service tree called Sorbus domestica, has an essential place in regards to human health in terms of its antioxidant values. The aroma components and phenolic compounds it contains display a variety of physiological traits. This study was carried out to determine the changes in the pomological characteristics and volatile compounds of Sorbus domestica L. fruits in the Tokat region at harvest and the consuming maturities in 2019 and 2020. The aroma extraction from the Sorbus fruits identified esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, terpenes, and other volatile aroma compounds. As a result of the study, differences in aldehydes, esters, and terpene compounds were notable within the scope of the volatile aroma compounds. According to the obtained information, our results identified total aldehydes of 70.64%, esters of 7.49%, and terpenes of 21.35% in Sorbus domestica during the harvest maturity. When Sorbus fruits were left at room temperature until consuming for consumption was reached, the volatile compound rates varied which were 60.59% for the aldehydes, 22.49% for the esters, and 13.20% for the terpenes.
Determination of Genome Size Differentiation and Ploidy Levels in Some Citrus Rootstock Populations
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2025) Polatöz, Sefa; Şeker, Murat; Kaya, Çağlar
Determining the ploidy level of plant material used in breeding studies is of great importance, especially for biotechnology applications. The existing genetic diversity in citrus allows the use of rootstocks and varieties that can be adapted to different climatic and soil conditions through different breeding methods. Several suitable rootstocks are used for commercial citrus. This study was conducted to determine the genome size and ploidy levels of citrus rootstocks widely used worldwide using flow cytometry. The rootstocks used in the study included Gou-Tou, C-35, Troyer citrus, Taiwanica, Citremon, Yuzu, Sunki mandarin, Flying Dragon, Yuma citrus, Macrophylla and Chinese orange. Fresh leaf tissue from each rootstock was mixed with triploid Tahitian lemon leaf tissue, used as a standard species, and cell nuclei were isolated. The cells stained with propidium iodide were analysed by flow cytometry, and histograms and cytograms were obtained. According to the results, although all species had diploid genome sizes, differences were observed between species in terms of genome volume. Yuzu seedlings were found to have the largest genome size (0.808 pg/2C), while Flying Dragon trifoliate had the smallest genome size (0.700 pg/2C).
Assessing the Aromatic and Quality Components of a Novel Peach Genotype ('Sırrı') Grafted onto Various Rootstocks in the Lapseki Area
(MDPI, 2025) Gür, Engin; Gündoğdu, Mehmet Ali; Yılmaz, Neşe; Şeker, Murat
This study examines how various rootstocks affect the pomological, biochemical, and aroma contents of the local ‘Sırrı’ peach genotype grown in the Lapseki region of Türkiye. The research focused on peach trees grafted onto three distinct rootstocks: ‘Seedling’, ‘GF-677’ (P. persica × P. amygdalus), and ‘Rootpac-R’ (P. cerasifera × P. amygdalus). The results showed that peaches from the ‘Seedling’ and ‘GF-677’ rootstocks had larger sizes, greater weights, and brighter colors compared to those from ‘Rootpac-R’. Furthermore, the rootstocks impacted essential quality factors such as soluble solid content, firmness, fruit–flesh ratio, titratable acidity, and total phenolic content levels. The analysis of volatile compounds indicated that aldehydes (which varied from 67.02% to 63.74%), lactones (which changed from 9.14% to 7.99%), and esters (which changed from 12.51% to 11.92%) were the major aroma types in ‘Sırrı’ peaches, with the ‘GF-677’ rootstock exhibiting amplified fruity and sweet aromas due to increased lactone levels. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed the significant effects of rootstocks on both pomological and biochemical characteristics, with ‘Seedling’ showing elevated biophenol levels and ‘GF-677’ contributing to a firmer texture. These findings underscore the importance of rootstock choice in enhancing fruit quality and aroma, indicating that the ‘Sırrı’ genotype is highly suitable for commercial production and future breeding efforts.
IMPROVED METHODS OF CANE SAMPLES STAINING DESTINED FOR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION AND IMAGING
(Aloki Applied Ecological Research And Forensic Inst Ltd, 2024) Kuzucu, Fatih Cem; Gökbayrak, Zeliha; Engin, Hakan
In this study, staining methods were used to improve the effective visualization of grapevine cane sections under a microscope using 'ring light'. The stains applied to the sections included Aniline Blue, Safranin O, Toluidine Blue O, Bromophenol Blue, Basic Fuchsin, Methyl Green, Giemsa Stain, Carmine and Fast Green FCF. The natural color differences observed between the tissues were similar. Therefore, staining was proven to be the most useful tool to increase the contrast in grapevine cane tissues. Different stains reacted with different cell types and components and revealed their unique color properties. In addition to single use of stains, Carmine + Methyl Green, Fast Green FCF + Bromophenol Blue and Safranin O + Bromophenol Blue were utilized as double staining. Among these applications, staining with Aniline Blue, Bromophenol Blue, Fast Green FCF, Safranin O, and Toluidine Blue O showed effective results on cell and tissue levels. In addition, successful results were obtained from double stains. Double staining was recommended for examining grapevine cane sections under a microscope. 'Ring light' has been developed to improve the coloration and sharpness on the surface of the stained sections under the microscope and during photography. The ring light offers the opportunity to illuminate the entire sample by using white light, yellow light and both light intensities in different
Tozlayıcı Olarak Kuntra (Karasakız) ve Vasilâki Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Kullanıldığı Bozcaada Çavuşu (Vitis vinifera L.) Üzüm Çeşidinde Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, 2022) Şahin, Esra; Dardeniz, Alper
Yürütülen bu araştırmada, tozlayıcı olarak Kuntra (Karasakız) ve Vasilâki üzüm çeşitlerinin kullanıldığı Bozcaada Çavuşu (Vitis vinifera L.) üzüm çeşidinde verim ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda; ortalama verim (g omca–1), salkım eni (cm), salkım boyu (cm), salkım sıklığı (1–9), salkım ağırlığı (g salkım–1), salkım boyu/salkım eni, salkım sayısı (adet omca–1), tane eni (mm), tane boyu (mm), tane ağırlığı (g tane–1), tane boyu/tane eni, tane sayısı (adet salkım–1), ortalama çekirdek sayısı (adet tane–1), kabuk kalınlığı (mm), kabuk rengi (L, Chroma ve °Hue), suda çözünen kuru madde (%SÇKM), pH, %asitlik ve olgunluk indisi (%SÇKM %asitlik–1) incelenmiştir. Araştırma, 10 tekerrür ve her tekerrürde birer omca olacak şekilde planlanmıştır. Tozlayıcı olarak Kuntra (Karasakız) üzüm çeşidinin kullanıldığı bağda Bozcaada Çavuşu üzüm çeşidinin ortalama verim (2756.1 g omca–1), salkım eni (10.22 cm), salkım boyu (13.85 cm), salkım ağırlığı (280.16 g salkım–1), tane eni (20.73 mm), tane boyu (23.12 mm), tane ağırlığı (6.63 g tane–1) ve tane sayısı (40.36 adet salkım–1) özellikleri, tozlayıcı olarak Vasilâki üzüm çeşidinin kullanıldığı bağdakine kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Diğer yandan tozlayıcı olarak Vasilâki üzüm çeşidinin kullanıldığı bağda Bozcaada Çavuşu üzüm çeşidinin salkım boyu/salkım eni (1.498), tane boyu/tane eni (1.140), kabuk kalınlığı (0.086 mm), %SÇKM (%18.17), pH (3.51) ve olgunluk indisi (31.42) özellikleri, tozlayıcı olarak Kuntra (Karasakız) üzüm çeşidinin kullanıldığı bağdakine kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Tozlayıcı olarak Kuntra üzüm çeşidi kullanılarak kurulmuş bağda Bozcaada Çavuşu üzüm çeşidinin tane sayısı ve ortalama veriminin daha yüksek olması, tane gelişimi ve olgunluğu nispeten geciktirmiştir. Böylece Bozcaada Çavuşu üzüm çeşidinin daha geç tarihte hasat edilmesiyle birlikte, Bozcaada’daki sınırlı hasat periyodunun da uzatılmasına katkı sağlanabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Sun-infrared heating film drying analysis of Sultana seedless grapes: Operating modes
(Elsevier, 2024) Çoban, Harun; Şevik, Seyfi; Abuşka, Mesut
In contrast to the technique of utilizing infrared heating films (IRHFs) as the main or auxiliary heating source in the dryer, this study investigated the quality and performance parameters of sun drying the Sultana seedless grapes (Vitis Vinifera L.) on IRHFs without using a dryer system. In this context, sun drying with four IRHF operating modes was analyzed: sun drying (Model-1), sun + daytime IRHF (Model-2), sun + 24 h IRHF (Model3), and sun + night IRHF (Model-4). Model 1 used no electricity, whereas the other models consumed 7.21, 10.38, and 9.80 kWh of electricity. The average drying efficiency of all drying models varied between 5.25 % and 16.48 %. Considering all experiments, average De values changed from 4.2837E-07 to 5.443E-07 m2/s. The drying times were significantly shortened (2-3 times faster) in Models 2 and 3, and the color quality was highest in Model 4. Moreover, grapes dried using sun + IRFH gave the best results regarding physicochemical and bioactive quality properties such as pH, total phenol, total tannin, vitamin C, and total sugar compared to Model1, which requires a long drying period. This study's findings indicate that sun drying with IRHF, which shortens drying time and offers higher quality in terms of color and food content, may be an alternative method that can be adapted to the traditional sun drying method.
Effects of 225, 23S-homobrassinolide and gibberellic acid on formation of double fruits in 'Bing' sweet cherry
(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2016) Engin, Hakan; Gökbayrak, Zeliha
Plant growth regulators play a vital role in flower bud formation and development of floral parts. To this effect, 22S, 23S-homobrassinolide (HBr) and GA(3) were tested on 'Bing' sweet cherry to determine their influence on the occurrence of doubling during the development of buds, flowers and fruits. The substances were applied for a 2-year period with a handgun sprayer at the transition stage from sepal to petal differentiation. GA(3) was applied at 25, 50, and 100 mg L-1, and HBr at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1. The results showed that the percentage of doubling (buds, flowers and fruits) was increased with all applications of HBr. GA(3) decreased double ovaries during full bloom and the percentage of double fruits in the following year. In all experiments (except for 25 mg L-1 GA(3)) the frequency of double pistils in the flowers at full bloom was lower than that observed in the buds the previous autumn. The frequency of double fruits in the first year of treatment was lower than in the second year of treatment.
QTL mapping for fatty acid composition in olive oil using a high-density genetic map based on SNP markers
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2024) Kaya, Ali Can; İpek, Meryem; İpek, Ahmet; Gündoğdu, Mehmet Ali; Aktepe Tangu, Nesrin; Teoman Duran, Sevin; Şeker, Murat
Olive ( Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen tree species that grows naturally in regions with Mediterranean climates. Its oil and fruits are commercially valuable. Olive oil contains high levels of omega-9 (oleic acid). Because the high percentage of oleic acid makes olive oil deterioration-resistant, the development of olive varieties containing high oleic acid is one of the major goals of olive breeding programs. Therefore, this study aimed to determine quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting the fatty acid composition of olive oil. Thus, early selection of olive genotypes with a high oleic acid content can be possible. For the determination of QTLs affecting the fatty acid composition of olive oil, a high-density genetic map was developed using a segregating olive F1 population with 121 progeny and single- nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers based on genotyping by sequencing (GBS). The 2892.14 cM genetic map was composed of 3254 SNP markers on 23 chromosomes, with an average distance of 0.93 cM. For QTL analysis, the fatty acid composition of the segregating olive F1 population was determined using gas chromatography in two different years. A total of 31 QTLs were discovered in the first year and 29 in the second year. Common QTLs associated with fatty acid composition in both years have been found on chromosome 1, chromosome 2, and chromosome 10. For oleic acid, 11 QTLs were discovered in the first year and 12 QTLs in the second year. With these results, the QTLs linked to fatty acid synthesis in olive oil can be used as genetic resources for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in olive breeding studies.
Demonstration of linkage and development of the first low-density genetic map of garlic, based on AFLP markers
(Springer, 2005) İpek, Meryem; İpek, A.; Almquist, SG; Simon, PW
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a long-cultivated, clonally propagated diploid plant (2n=2x=16). With routine seed production now underway, we used populations (MP1 and MP2) generated by self-pollination of unrelated plants to generate two low-density genetic maps of garlic, consisting of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and gene-specific markers. We did not observe any two plants with identical marker patterns in either population, indicating that they were the result of amphimixis rather than apomixis. This is an important finding, since several Alliums are facultative apomicts. A total of 360 markers segregated in MP1 (12.8 AFLP markers per primer combination) and 321 markers segregated in MP2 (13.9 per primer combination) to indicate a fairly high level of genetic heterozygosity in the garlic nuclear genome. Of these markers, 15.3% in MP1 and 24.3% in MP2 had segregation ratios distorted from the expected 3: 1. Interestingly, 94.7% of those distorted segregations fit a 15: 1 segregation ratio for duplicated loci, suggesting extensive levels of duplication in the garlic genome and supporting similar observations for onion. The genetic map for the MP1 family with 216 markers spanned 1,166 cM of the garlic genome ( 5.4 cM average), while 143 markers of MP2 spanned 862 cM ( 6.0 cM average). Gene-specific markers for alliinase, chitinase, sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (SST-1), and chalcone synthase (CHS) were mapped, demonstrating the immediate utility of the garlic genetic map. These two garlic families had relatively few segregating AFLP markers in common, which supports their relatively distant relationship based on diversity analysis. Of those markers that were conserved, linkages were also conserved.
ANALYSES OF CANE TISSUE PROFILES IN VITIS SPP.
(Aloki Applied Ecological Research And Forensic Inst Ltd, 2024) Gökbayrak, Zeliha; Kuzucu, Fatih Cem; Engin, Hakan
The work was carried out with the aim of analysing the size of cane tissues of the grapevine cultivar 5BB (Vitis berlandieri x V. riparia) and (CS, Vitis vinifera L.) at the microscopic level. Cane tissues of both cultivars were assessed. Cuttings were taken at the same cane diameter of CS and 5BB during the winter period 40 days after leaf fall. The cuttings were fixed in a FAA solution for microscopy. In this study, the cultivars showed significant differences in the parameters of the vascular tissues. A strong relationship was detected between the profile parameters of different tissues (xylem vessel diameter, xylem, phloem, primary phloem fibre, xylem vessel density). The CS cultivar showed wider xylem vessel diameters than the 5BB cultivar. The relationship between xylem vessel size in CS and 5BB cultivars and tissue profiles are discussed. We suggest that the anatomical profiles of cane tissues can provide useful information for further investigations of grapevines.
Dynamics of Berry Characteristics, Biochemical Composition, and Physiological Responses Across Ripening Stages: Investigating the Impact of Pollinizer Varieties on Physiological Femaleness in Bozcaada Çavuşu (Vitis vinifera L. cv)
(Springer, 2024) Ateş, Fadime; Delavar, Hava; Dardeniz, Alper; Yılmaz, Turhan; Turan, Metin; Kaya, Özkan
Understanding the dynamic changes in grape characteristics during ripening is crucial for enhancing grape quality, which, in turn, influences overall viticulture practices. This study aimed to investigate the temporal and cultivar-specific variations in grape characteristics, focusing on BAs, phenolic compounds, antioxidant enzymes, and organic acids. Our results revealed that Bozcaada cavusu*Kuntra and Kuntra grapes exhibited the most significant growth in size, weight, and maturity index at the final developmental stage (EL-38), while Vasilaki showed a nuanced maturation pattern with significant increases in berry width but not weight. Across all varieties, the highest maturity index and Total Soluble Solids percentages were observed at EL-38. The investigation of BAs revealed a significant decrease in Put levels from 2.62 at EL-32 to 2.04 mg L-1 at EL-38, contrasting with an increasing trend in Agm concentrations from 0.25 at EL-29 to 0.37 mg L-1 at EL-38. Bozcaada cavusu*Kuntra stood out with the highest Cad concentration at 2.96 mg L-1. The analysis of phenolic compounds highlighted a distinct temporal pattern for gallic acid, increasing from 1.60 at EL-29 to 3.77 g L-1 at EL-32 and maintaining stability at 3.74 g L-1 at EL-38. Bozcaada cavusu*Vasilaki consistently exhibited higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, such as epicatechin (5.69 g L-1) and tyrosol (7.00 g L-1). Antioxidant enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase in grape cultivars showed significant temporal variations, indicating a dynamic oxidative stress response during berry ripening. Catalase activity decreased from 14.04 to 11.20 EU/gr berry between EL-29 and EL-38. The multifaceted regulation of superoxide dismutase by sampling time and cultivar highlighted the complexity of antioxidant dynamics in grapevine physiology. In conclusion, this comprehensive study sheds light on the intricate interplay of temporal and cultivar-specific factors influencing grape characteristics, providing valuable insights for optimizing viticulture practices and enhancing overall grape quality.
Discrimination of water stress in pepper using thermography and leaf turgor pressure probe techniques
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Çamoğlu, Gökhan; Demirel, Kürşad; Kahrıman, Fatih; Akçal, Arda; Nar, Hakan; Boran, Ahmet; Eroğlu, İlker; Genç, Levent
The use of technology is spreading rapidly in modern agriculture with remote sensing and sensor technologies becoming more important. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibilities of determining the water stress level and irrigation time in peppers using leaf pressure probes based on turgor pressure and thermography techniques. An experiment consisting of four different irrigation treatments (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%) was conducted in Canakkale province, Turkey in the 2017–2018 summer growing seasons. During this seasons, leaf turgor pressure (Pp) and soil moisture levels were recorded in real time by a remote monitoring system. Thermographic measurements were taken before each irrigation. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and regression tree methods. Results show that both Pp and thermal data significantly differed according to water stress. Pp values decreased partially after irrigation and increased until the next irrigation. However, it was observed that it is not enough to decide the irrigation time using results obtained from graphical readings only. Models including meteorological features strengthen the decision-making models. According to the classification and regression tree analysis, it was revealed that there is a potential to separate the treatments, especially in models including thermal indices. Leaf turgor pressure data and thermal indices, which are plant-based monitoring techniques, have the potential to be used in determining irrigation time and distinguishing water stress in the pepper plant. However, there is a need for more studies especially in laboratory conditions, to understand the mechanisms in plants and how environmental conditions affect the responses of Pp probes.
Drying of Sultana seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) grape variety in indirect drying chamber using solar air collector with conic dimpled absorber: The case of end-season drying
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Çoban, Harun; Abuşka, Mesut
The main functions of mechanical drying are to extend the drying season, prevent reduction in dry product mass due to immature harvest, and obtain high-quality products without exposure to rainy weather conditions. A SAC with a conic dimpled absorber-assisted indirect solar dryer was designed, manufactured, and tested for the Sultana Seedless grapes under the end-season conditions. Also, the effect of medicinal chamomile oils on the color quality of raisins was investigated. While the first three days of the drying experiment were reminiscent of summer, the remaining days were characteristic of autumn. The thermal efficiency of the collector at a flow rate of 0.05 kg/s was realized as 66.33 % and 48.27 % on average during the days (between hours of 10:00–15:00), depending on the psychrometric conditions. The moisture content of the grapes (22.5 brix) decreased from 3.37 to 0.22 kgw/kgsm and lasted for 272 h/12 days. It has been revealed that the collector efficiency and drying time were significantly affected by the psychrometric conditions, and the use of medicinal chamomile oil in dipping pretreatment increased the color quality of raisins. Effective use of the SAC in the end-season drying process should be increased by techniques such as serial connection and heat storage.
Plant-based monitoring techniques to detect yield and physiological responses in water-stressed pepper
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Çamoğlu, Gökhan; Demirel, Kürşad; Kahrıman, Fatih; Akçal, Arda; Nar, Hakan
Today, the use of sensors and imaging techniques, which are used to obtain information about plants and soil in smart irrigation systems, is rapidly becoming widespread. This study aimed to investigate the usability of leaf turgor pressure and thermal images from plant-based monitoring techniques to detect water stress and the irrigation time of pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. “California Wonder”) and to determine their relationship with physiological traits in Canakkale/Türkiye in 2017 and 2018. The four irrigation treatments (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%) were applied in the experiment. Leaf turgor pressure (Pp), thermal images and physiological measurements were carried out during the growing season. Soil moisture and Pp were monitored in real time by remote. Thermal and physiological measurements were made before each irrigation. As a result of the study, the average evapotranspiration (ETc) was 697 mm, and the yield value was 83.7 t ha−1 under non-stress conditions. Depending on the decrease in ETc, yield values also decreased significantly. Leaf water potential and stomatal conductivity values were statistically different in all irrigation treatments. The change in the activity of catalase (CAT) due to water stress was greater than that of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In this case, it can be said that other physiological traits are more successful than SOD in distinguishing water stress. According to the regression models, significant relationships were determined between both the indices calculated from the thermal images and Pp, yield, and physiological traits. The predictive ability of Pp values has been strengthened with the addition of meteorological properties to the model in general. The highest correlation (R2 =0.63) was between Pp + meteorological properties and CAT. All the regression models between physiological traits and indices calculated from thermal images were statistically significant. The highest R2 values were obtained in August. In this month, the highest correlations were between Crop Water Stress Index (CWSIp) and leaf water potential / stomatal conductivity (R2 =0.91), IGp and stomatal conductivity (R2 =0.80). The predictive power of CWSIp was higher than Stomatal Conductivity Index (IGp). The experiment illustrated that Pp and temperature data, which are plant-based monitoring methods, have the potential to detect water stress in peppers.
Radicle Emergence as Seed Vigour Test Estimates Seedling Quality of Hybrid Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Cultivars in Low Temperature and Salt Stress Conditions
(MDPI, 2023) Demir, İbrahim; Ermiş, Sıtkı; Öktem, Güleda; Öztokat Kuzucu, Canan
This work was conducted on the use of the RE (radicle emergence) test to estimate the seedling emergence (SE) and quality (seedling shoot weight (SSW), seedling root weight (SRW) and seedling height (SH)) of twelve hybrid cucumber seed lots with high germination (>95%) at low temperature conditions, high salt conditions and a combination of the two. The percentages of RE, which is a 2 mm radicle protrusion at 25 °C in the dark, were counted between 18 h and 32 h. The seeds were sown in peat moss in trays and kept at 15 °C (low temperature stress), or salty water was applied as 100 mM NaCl at 25 °C (salt stress) for three days, and both were applied in a combined-stress environment. Seedling emergence and quality parameters were reduced by both stress environments and their combination. SE, SSW, SRW and SH values ranged between: 91–100%, 614–844 mg, 102–143 mg, 6.8–8.8 cm at low temperature; 90–98%, 598–904 mg, 101–154 mg, 6.5–7.8 cm at salt stress; and 76–92%, 464–608 mg, 97–133 mg, 5.8–6.9 cm at their combination. The RE values with great differences seen among the lots (20–28 h) were regressed with seedling emergence and quality values. RE 24 h had the highest R2 and significant values in all stress environments as R2 = 0.596–0.858, p < 0.05–0.001 at low temperature; R2 = 0.620–0.827, p < 0.05–0.001 with salt; and R2 = 0.686–0.842, p < 0.05–0.001 with combined stresses. We concluded that RE as a vigour test can be used successfully to estimate the seedling quality of highly germinating hybrid cucumber seed lots. Use of the RE test in hybrid cucumber seeds and its influence on high-quality seedling production were discussed.
The Effects of Vermicompost and Green Manure Use on Yield and Economic Factors in Broccoli
(MDPI, 2023) Taşcı, Fulya Gül; Öztokat Kuzucu, Canan
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the yield, quality and unit production cost of broccoli grown under green manure, vermicompost and chemical fertilization. For this purpose, broccoli plants were cultivated as follows: (i) Chemical fertilization (CF), (ii) Vermicompost fertilization (V), (iii) Vermicompost fertilization (VeV) in the common vetch cultivated land as a pre-plant and (iv) Vetch (Ve) as a pre-plant. Curd yield (g plant−1), SPAD, vitamin C (mg 100 g−1), total phenolics (mg GAE 100 mL−1), total sugar (%) and soluble solid content (SSC%) were determined. In addition, input usage levels and costs, unit product cost and gross and net profit analyzes were investigated for all treatments. The highest total curd weight was obtained from VeV treatment (1567.77 g), while the lowest mean was reached in Ve plots with 819.70 g. The highest SPAD values were detected in CF (70.20) and VeV plots (69.76) similar to yield values. The highest vitamin C and total phenolics content were detected in V plots (92.31 mg 100 g−1) (1308.87 mg GAE 100 mL−1). The combined effect of Ve and V increased the yield and quality of the broccoli curds. As a result of economic analysis, approximately twice the net profit difference emerged in VeV treatment compared to other treatments. It was determined that a gross profit of 68% of gross production value and net profit of 64% were obtained.

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