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Öğe A Key Palaeolithic Site Bridging Anatolia and the Aegean: Biber Deresi, Assos(Cambridge Univ Press, 2025) Karahan, Göknur; Arslan, NurettinBiber Deresi is an open-air site located on the Assos/Behram, Çanakkale coast, associated with river systems and raw material sources. The site’s particular importance is owed to the discovery of the most extensive Lower and Middle Palaeolithic assemblage yet identified on the Aegean coast of Türkiye. The lithic assemblage is characterized by a significant number of large cutting tools, including handaxes, cleavers, and trihedral picks, as well as pebble core tools, which are predominantly chopping tools. Flakes produced from both unprepared and prepared cores predominate. It is evident that, during the Pleistocene low sea level period, the region had a continuous connection with Lesvos and, via the eastern Aegean islands, with mainland Greece. Biber Deresi is identified as a key site, facilitating hominin movement and communication between Asia and Europe, and providing a novel contribution to the Palaeolithic map of the Aegean.Öğe Three new funerary inscriptions from Tenedos(Russian Acad Sciences, State Acad Univ Humanities (Gaugn), 2024) Yaman, HüseyinThis paper introduces three previously unpublished grave inscriptions from Tenedos, two of which belong to the Hellenistic period. Recent surveys on the island led to the discovery of inscriptions no. 2 and 3, while inscription no. 1 was found during rescue excavations carried out in 2002. It is worth noting that inscription no. 1 is a cenotaph of a foreigner from Byzantion, which sets it apart from the other two. Based on its stylistic features, the stele with the inscription no. 2 ought to be of Mysian origin. Furthermore, two of the inscriptions (1 and 2) are of particular interest for featuring traits of the Lesbian dialect.Öğe An example of cave art from northeast aegean, Türkiye: Andik cave(Australian Rock Art Research Association, 2025) Yalçıklı, Derya[No abstract available]Öğe The Cities of Lydia(Oxford University Press, 2024) Altınoluk, SencanThis chapter discusses the identity consciousness, religious beliefs, and cultural and economic life of the cities in Lydia under Roman rule. The integration of Lydian society into the Roman Empire took considerably longer than those of the coastal regions of Asia Minor. At the same time, the inhabitants of Roman Lydia benefited from the blessings of their geography famous for its agricultural productivity. Just as their ancestors had done, they continued to produce luxury goods, such as textiles, shoes, and precious stones. Music and dance dating back to the old Lydian kingdom were also fundamental performing arts in the cultural life of Roman Imperial Lydia.Öğe Çanakkale Troya Müzesi’nden Bir Zeus Büstü(2025) Yıldırım, Ömer CanHeykeltraşlık eserleri ile ilgili araştırmalar, antik medeniyetlerin sosyal ve kültürel kimlikleri yanı sıra inanç yapılarına ait ideolojilerinin öğrenilmesini sağlar. Söz konusu özellik belirten kavramların birbirlerinden bağımsız şekilde değerlendirilmesi, irdelenen malzemenin bölgeler arası üslup ve ikonografi temelindeki özdeşlik veya farklılıklarının öğrenilmesi açısından önemli bilimsel kazanımlar sunar. İşleniş kökenlerine dair bilgi sunan bu kazanımlar, şüphesiz yerli veya yerli olmayan heykeltraşlık ürünlerindeki stillerin tespiti için de önemlidir. Bu çerçevede çalışma, Çanakkale Troya Müzesi envanterine kayıtlı mermerden bir büste odaklanmaktadır. Tipolojiye dayalı işleniş, eserin Zeus’u temsil ettiğini tanımlamaktadır. Büst, Zeus’a duyulan saygı ve baskın inanç dışında bir temenninin gerçekleşmesi veya gerçekleşmiş bir dileğe ait şükran duygusunun yansıması olarak kabul edilebilir. Troas bölgesinde bu tipteki bir heykeltraşlık eserinin daha önce tespit edilmemesi yapıtın önemini göstermektedir. Çalışmada, Zeus’un antik Akdeniz medeniyetlerindeki önemine değinilmekte; büstü işlev, teknik ve kültürel yayılım özellikleri gösteren benzer örnekler ile karşılaştırılmakta, büstün yerleştirildiği yer hakkında öneride bulunulmakta, Zeus’a atfedilen bazı yakıştırmalara değinilerek büstün Zeus’un hangi sıfatını temsil edebileceği yorumlanmakta ve muhtemel bir tarihleme önerisinde bulunulmaktadır.Öğe Middle Chalcolithic Copper Tools from Gülpınar in North-Western Anatolia – an Archaeometric Approach(Roemisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, 2021) Güder, Ümit; Takaoğlu, Turan; Özdemir, AbdulkadirThe prehistoric site of Gülpınar, located beneath the remains of the Graeco-Roman Sanctuary of Apollo Smintheus (Smintheion) in the coastal Troad, is one of those newly excavated sites that enhances our knowledge of the western Anatolian littoral and the adjacent eastern Aegean islands during the 5th millennium BC. One of the contributions of the archaeological excavations at the site is in the category of copper metallurgy, which is the point of focus of this study. Four copper tools (awls and pins) were revealed in phase III of Gülpınar, dated to between 4930 and 4455/4300 BC. Both the chemical composition and the microstructural features of these tools were examined to understand the metallurgical processes applied for their production and forming. Analytical techniques, portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) analysis, metallography (optical microscopy), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) examination and micro-hardness testing were conducted on the available samples from the objects. The results of the archaeometric analyses demonstrated that the copper used to form these tools was obtained by heating and then smelting the sulphur-bearing polymetallic ores. In the chemical compositions, an amount of around 1% arsenic was detected. Although the arsenic content provided a moderate improvement in the physical properties of the tools, the amount was considered too low to demonstrate an intentional, controlled process for arsenic alloying. The metal of the tools may have been brought in semi-finished forms to Gülpınar, since no finds relating to the copper metallurgy (slag, crucibles, tuyeres) were encountered during the excavations. The forming was determined by applying cycles of heating, forging and annealing. Moreover, increasing the hardness of the tools by a final cold working process was also detected.Öğe SPECIAL BUILDINGS AT NEOLITHIC GIRMELER, NEAR TLOS IN SOUTH-WEST ANATOLIA(Wiley, 2025) Erdoğu, Burçin; Korkut, Taner; Takaoğlu, Turan; Yücel, Nejat; Usanmaz, Uygar Ozan; Derici, Yasin CemreSpecial buildings, or communal buildings, were ubiquitous in most Neolithic settlements in the Levant, Upper Mesopotamia, and Anatolia. Recently, remains of three special buildings with terrazzo floors dating to the early seventh millennium BC representing the Initial Neolithic period in west Anatolian chronology were unearthed in the basal layers of the mound located in front of the Girmeler cave in south-west Anatolia. The terrazzo floors in these three special buildings feature traces of red-painted linear and geometric decorations, while one also contains human burials. These special buildings may enhance our understanding of the symbolic and ritual behaviours of the Neolithic communities living on the south-west fringes of Anatolia. They may have been gathering places for ritual activities that helped create social memories and define group identities, as well as strengthen intra- and inter-societal relations among Neolithic groups. It is argued that the location of these special buildings adjacent to a natural hot spring before a cave with an impressive fa & ccedil;ade may have been one of the factors that eventually led Neolithic groups to form a gathering pattern here.Öğe Myth and eponymy on the tetrarchic frieze from Nicomedia(Cambridge Univ Press, 2020) Şare Ağtürk, TunaSituated at the NE corner of the Propontis, Nicomedia (modern zmit) was a major urban centre throughout history. Since the ancient city is buried directly beneath the modern industrial Turkish one, little was known archaeologically until recently(1) when a series of painted reliefs, part of a continuous marble frieze of which c.55 m in length have been uncovered, was discovered in the Cukurba district. They contain a remarkable combination of imperial, agonistic and mythological scenes.(2) The depictions on the frieze, precious examples of tetrarchic art, shed light not only on the socio-political history of the Later Empire but also on the creation, self-identification and reception of a new tetrarchic capital.(3) The marble frieze seems to have decorated an imperial complex dating to the late 3rd and early 4th c. when Nicomedia was Diocletian's administrative capital for the eastern Roman empire. Among the scenes on the frieze, the group of blocks representing an adventus with Diocletian and Maximian has been published in detail, and a monograph on the Diocletianic complex is under preparation. The present article will examine the mythological depictions on the frieze.Öğe Further work at Kilise Tepe, 2007-2011: refining the Bronze to Iron Age transition(Cambridge Univ Press, 2014) Bouthillier, Christina; Colantoni, Carlo; Debruyne, Sofie; Glatz, Claudia; Hald, Mette Marie; Heslop, David; Kozal, EkinThe excavations at Kilise Tepe in the 1990s inevitably left a range of research questions unanswered, and our second spell of work at the site from 2007 to 2011 sought to address some of these, relating to the later second and early first millennia. This article gathers the architectural and stratigraphic results of the renewed excavations, presenting the fresh information about the layout and character of the Late Bronze Age North-West Building and the initial phases of the Stele Building which succeeded it, including probable symbolic practices, and describing the complex stratigraphic sequence in the Central Strip sounding which covers the lapse of time from the 12th down to the seventh century. There follow short reports on the analyses of the botanical and faunal materials recovered, a summary of the results from the relevant radiocarbon dating samples and separate studies addressing issues resulting from the continuing study of the ceramics from the different contexts. Taken together, a complex picture emerges of changes in settlement layout, architectural traditions, use of external space, artefact production and subsistence strategies during the centuries which separate the Level III Late Bronze Age settlement from the latest Iron Age occupation around 700 BC.Öğe Surface surveys in the northern Troad and the identification of Ciglitepe as ancient Arisbe(Cambridge Univ Press, 2017) Arslan, NurettinThe region known as the Troad in western Anatolia is famed not only as the setting of Homer's Iliad but also for the Hellespont strait (modern OE anakkale Bogazi) linking the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean. In addition to large cities such as Sigeum, Abydus and Lampsacus, ancient writers also mention smaller cities located on the Hellespont. In this article, the location of the ancient city of Arisbe, presumed to have existed between Abydus and Lampsacus, is examined in the light of new archaeological data. Between 2002 and 2010, the author conducted surveys in the northern Troad. These surveys revealed an ancient settlement with archaeological material belonging to the Late Bronze Age, late Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods. The location of this settlement, the archaeological data and information from ancient literary sources all indicate that this site should be identified as Arisbe.Öğe Anatolian Fashion in Etruscan Clothing The Case of the Pointed Shoes(Cambridge Univ Press, 2023) Ağtürk, Tuna ŞareSimilarities in the imagery of Etruscan and Western Anatolian dress fashions, such as pointed shoes and Ionic chitons, indicate an obvious connection between the clothing systems of the two cultures. Indeed, Larissa Bonfante (2003) in her groundbreaking book Etruscan Dress classifies an “Ionian Phase” (550–475 BCE) in the development of the Etruscan clothing system. This chapter investigates the adaptation of Ionian dress items into the Etruscan dress repertoire through a comparative iconographic study of dress fashions in western Anatolia and Etruscan funerary art of the sixth and fifth centuries BCE. After an overview of prevailing dress fashions in both cultures, it explores the specific case of shoes with upturned toes (Etruscan/Hittite shoes, as they are commonly known) to show the changing meanings and cultural connections the adopted dress items conveyed.Öğe The sculpture of the Heroon of Perikle at Limyra: the making of a Lycian king(Cambridge Univ Press, 2013) Şare, TunaAs one of the many monumental tombs of fourth-century BC Anatolia, the Heroon of Perikle at Limyra is usually overshadowed by the earlier and better preserved Nereid Monument of Xanthos. Its owner, Perikle, is seen as either a mediocre pro-Achaemenid dynast or a fan of his namesake, the Athenian strategos, a view reflected in previous assessments of the stylistic pedigree of the tomb's ornamentation. But a re-examination of the Heroon's sculptural programme that places the cella friezes, karyatids and akroteria within their historical context shows the tomb to be Perikle's announcement of his status as the first military king of Lycia. The Heroon of Perikle reflects associations with both the buildings of the Athenian Akropolis and Persian iconography, but these elements were appropriated to serve the political agenda of Perikle and his later hero cult.Öğe ACROSS THE HELLESPONT: MAYDOS (ANCIENT MADYTOS), TROY AND THE NORTH-EASTERN AEGEAN IN THE LATE EIGHTH TO EARLY SIXTH CENTURY BC(Cambridge Univ Press, 2016) Aslan, Carolyn C.; Sazcı, GökselThis article presents new excavation results from three oval or apsidal houses discovered at the site of Maydos-Kilisetepe (ancient Madytos), which is located near the coast of the Hellespont on the Gallipoli peninsula. The houses date to the late eighth to early sixth century BC. The material from Maydos is evaluated in comparison with the nearby site of Troy (Ilion) and situated within the wider context of developments in the north-eastern Aegean region during the Late Geometric to Early Archaic periods. From the mid-eighth to the mid-seventh century, a cultural koine existed in the north-eastern Aegean, shown by the strong similarities in material culture among the sites in the region. Troy was most probably a large regional centre, while Maydos functioned as a smaller settlement within this network. The power and influence of this koine declined or was replaced in the mid-seventh century, when there was a sudden influx of Ionian-style ceramics at Maydos, around the same time that Troy experienced a destruction. The patterns of cultural interactions changed with the establishment of Greek (primarily Ionian and Athenian) colonies on both sides of the Hellespont during the second half of the seventh to the early sixth century.Öğe The dualistic nature of a Red Lustrous Wheelmade bowl from Bogazkoy with a depiction of a victorious armed warrior(Cambridge Univ Press, 2019) Kozal, EkinA bowl with an incised heroic combat scene was found at the Hittite capital of Bogazkoy and dates to the end of the 15th/beginning of the 14th century BC. This article reconsiders this previously published bowl, its production history and the message it conveys. The warrior is usually identified as Mycenaean, and in previous studies the bowl has been considered only for its incised decoration without evaluation of the bowl itself, its context and associated finds. This article argues that the bowl had a physical journey from Rough Cilicia to Hattusa and a non-physical journey from being a simple everyday object to a unique artwork through the secondary carving of an image, which reflects dualistic aspects.Öğe Troas Granit Sütunlarının Batı Anadolu Kıyınlarındaki Dağılımı Üzerine Arkeometrik Bir Yaklaşım(2017) Ay, Murat; Tolun, VeyselBu çalışmada, Troas Bölgesi’ndeki antik granit ocaklarında üretilen monolit sütunlarının Batı Anadolu kıyılarındaki dağılımı arkeometrik yöntemler ile irdelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, Troas Bölgesi’ndeki Akçakeçili ve Koçali ocakları ile Mysia Bölgesi’ndeki Kozak ocağından jeolojik örnekler alınmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, Apollon Smintheus Kutsal Alanı, Pergamon’daki Serapeion, Smyrna Agorası, Tlos ve Side’deki parçalanmış granit sütunlardan arkeolojik örnekler alınmıştır. Toplanan örnekler; ince kesit, kalitatif mineralojik - petrografik ve jeokimyasal analiz yöntemleri ile incelenmiştir.Analiz sonuçları; Smintheion 1, Smintheion 2, Smyrna Agorası 2, Tlos Stadyum ve Side Tiyatro sütunla-rına ait örneklerin Troas; Smyrna Agorası 1, Pergamon/Kızıl Avlu ve Tlos Tiyatro örneklerinin ise Kozak kökenli olabileceğini göstermiştir.Öğe Assos Batı Nekropolü'nde bulunan terrakotta heykelcikler(2009) Tolun, VeyselBir doktora tezi olarak gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın konusunu, Assos Batı Nekropolü 1988-1994 yılları kazılarında ortaya çıkarılan pişmiş toprak heykelcikler oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bu eserlerin tipi, kimliği ve niteliği, işlevi, tarihlemesi, üretim yeri (yerli-ithal) gibi soruların cevaplanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sırasında Çanakkale Arkeoloji Müzesi deposunda bulunan eserlerin, fotoğrafları çekilip, envanter bilgileri kaydedildi. Eserlerin bir katalogu yapıldı. Analoji bulmak amacıyla üniversite, müze ve enstitü kütüphanelerinde pek çok katalog incelendi. Aynı amaçla batı ve güneybatı Anadolu müzelerinde incelemeler yapıldı. Tüm bu çalışmalar sonucu ele alınan bazı sorunlar çözülebildi. Assos pişmiş toprak heykelciklerinin önemli bir kısmı M.Ö. 5. yüzyıla tarihlendi ve başta Rodos olmak üzere ithal edildikleri ortaya kondu. Bazı tiplerime Assos'a ait tipler olduğu ve burada üretildiği saptandı. Ancak kimliğe ilişkin sorular yeterli kanıt bulunamadığından kimi durumda yanıtlanamadı. Ancak tanrısal varlıklardan Kybele, Nike ve Silen betimleri tanımlandı. Buna dayanarak, Assos'ta Kybele ve Dionysos kültünün varlığına ilişkin işaretler ortaya kondu.Öğe RODOS PERAİASI’NDA BULUNAN YENİ BİR KIRSAL YAPI TİPOLOJİSİ ÖRNEĞİ: HELLENİSTİK ÇİFTLİK EVİ(Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2024) Demirciler, VolkanMarmaris’e bağlı Bozburun Yarımadası’nda yürüttüğümüz yüzey araştırmaları kapsamında, 2009 sezonunda Phoinix (başta Gedikçukuru, Burgaz Tepe ve Küçükdibekbaşı mevkilerinde olmak üzere) ve Tymnos demoslarının teritoryumlarında ilk kez tapınak(?)-çiftlik veya küçük çiftlik yapıları bulunmuştur. Devamındaki çalışmalarda, 2022 sezonunda, söz konusu demoslar için getirdiğimiz çiftlik tipolojilerinden oldukça farklılaşan ve hepsinden daha büyük ölçekte belgelediğimiz bir kırsal yapı, Selimiye’nin halk arasında Cinbükü denilen Erler Koyu’nda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Erler Koyu’nda tespit ettiğimiz kırsal yapının mikro ölçekteki nüfuz alanı, işlevi ve geçirdiği dönüşüm irdelenmektedir. Kıyısal alanda konuşlanmış Losta Koyu’na hâkim vaziyetiyle ve yakın art alanında mutlak yüksekliği ve eğim dereceleri düşük, lateralde eni genişçe olan teraslarla bütünleşik yapı, deniz ticareti için bir kontrol ve/veya dağıtım noktası misyonu üstlenmiş bir deniz kapısı olabilirdi. Ancak, morfolojisi ve inşa tekniği ışığında, bölgedeki çiftlik ve bazı kült yapı mimarisiyle örtüştüğü oranda çift işlevli olma ihtimali üzerinde durulmaktadır.Öğe THEIOI AUTOKRATORES. A Fragment of an Honorary Inscription from the Smintheion(Akdeniz Üniversitesi - Akdeniz Dillerini ve Kültürlerini Araştırma Merkezi, 2024) Özhan, TolgaThis article presents a fragmentary inscribed slab discovered in the sanctuary of Apollo Smintheus in 2009. The author proposes a restoration for this fragmentary inscription in the article, by comparing it with parallel epigraphic examples from Asia Minor. According to the proposed restoration, this is an honorary inscription for a distinguished citizen of Alexandreia Troas who held many various positions, including syndikos, presbeutes, and possibly a priestly role (prophetes) in the sanctuary. Furthermore, the restored phrase theioi Autokratores is of considerable significance, as it is rarely found in inscriptions. The individual in question was sent as a presbeutes on multiple occasions to the theioi Autokratores. Based on a parallel instance in Athens, it is argued in the article that the phrase theioi Autokratores (divine emperors) in the current inscription refers to the jointly reigning emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.Öğe A New Hellenistic Contribution List from Tymnos in Karia. The Kaletepe Inscription(Akdeniz Üniversitesi - Akdeniz Dillerini ve Kültürlerini Araştırma Merkezi, 2024) Deniz Oğuz-Kırca, E.; Özhan, Tolga; Demirciler, VolkanThis article introduces a new fragmentary inscription discovered on the hillside during the archaeological survey at Kaletepe, situated northeast of Bozburun (Marmaris/Muğla), in 2022. The inscription, which dates to the Hellenistic period, lists eight non-natives of Tymnos along with their ethnics and monetary contributions for the augmentation (epauxesis) of an unidentified purpose. Parallel examples suggest that they may have been affiliated with a cult or a profession-al association.Öğe Long-distance trade relations in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age: An archaeometric study of Red Lustrous Wheel-made Ware (RLW) using petrographic, elemental and Sr-Nd isotope analysis(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Kibaroğlu, Mustafa; Kozal, Ekin; Monien, PatrickThe Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean (c. 1600–1200 BCE) was a period characterized by intensive intercultural connectivity and long-distance exchange. In understanding these networks through material remains, ceramic plays a crucial role. From this perspective, Red Lustrous Wheel-made Ware (RLW), a distinctive ceramic assemblage marked by its fine red fabric, well-burnished lustrous surfaces, and unique forms, is of significant importance in understanding material culture exchange among the major polities of Anatolia, Cyprus, the Levant, and Egypt. Despite its vast geographical distribution, the production place of this ware has been the subject of scholarly debate, with differing hypotheses suggesting regions such as Northern Cyprus and Rough Cilicia in Southern Anatolia. This study aimed to contribute to the debate on the origin of RLW and to enhance our understanding of Late Bronze Age connectivity in the Eastern Mediterranean by employing a multi-analytical approach, integrating petrographic, geochemical (elemental), and isotopic (Sr-Nd) analyses. Archaeometric analysis of RLW ceramic samples (n = 58) from key archaeological sites, including Kilise Tepe, Boğazköy/Ḫattuša, and Tell Atchana/Alalakh in Anatolia, was compared with reference clay samples (n = 84) collected from Cyprus and Southern Anatolia, including the Göksu Valley. in Sothern Anatolia, particularly those from the Göksu Valley, show strong compositional affinities with the RLW samples, providing convincing evidence to support the hypothesis of a Rough Cilician origin. This archaeometric evidence underlines the Göksu Valley’s pivotal role in Late Bronze Age trade networks in the Eastern Mediterranean. The historical harbor town of Ura, mentioned in textual sources, may have served as a central hub for the trade of RLW, linking Anatolia with Cyprus, the Levant, and Egypt.
