Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/2745

Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 32

Environmental and Ecological Risks Posed by Sediment Heavy Metals in Reservoirs: A Preliminary Study from Northwest Türkiye
(Ankara Univ, Fac Agriculture, 2025) Tekiner, Murat; Tuncay, Tulay; Parlak, Mehmet
Reservoir sediments are an important component of aquatic ecosystems. Concentrations, sources, pollution and ecological risks of heavy metals pose serious risks on sustainable management of these ecosystems. This research focuses on heavy metal contents, physicochemical properties, environmental and ecological risks of sediments in four reservoirs (Ayvacık, Bayramdere, Bayramiç, and Umurbey) in Northwest Türkiye. Bayramiç reservoir had greater sediment Al, Cu, Fe, Mn concentrations, clay and silt contents than the other reservoirs (Ayvacık, Bayramdere, and Umurbey). In all four reservoirs, sediment heavy metals were generally of natural origin. Although sediment pollution index was identified as “considerable contamination” for Mn, such a case was not detected for the other heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn). An ecological risk assessment was made for reservoir sediments and a “low contamination” was detected.
Changes in the Major Antioxidant Compounds of Red Cabbage Under Water Stress Applied at Different Vegetative Growth Periods
(Ankara Univ, Fac Agriculture, 2025) Erken, Okan; Yıldırım, Murat; Kızılkaya, Bayram; Mucan, Umut
Effective and efficient use of water resources has become an important issue in recent studies, where the impacts of climate change has become more apparent and alternative solutions are discussed. There, however, are limited studies that look at the impacts of water stress at different vegetative periods. For this reason, in this study, different levels of water treatment (0%, 30%, 70%) were applied to red cabbage at two stages of development (early and late vegetative) in a two-year field study. The effect of water stress on the major antioxidant compounds, as well as on yield and some morphological parameters were investigated. According to the findings, the least yield loss (22%) occurred in the early vegetative period of the second-year trial where 70% irrigation water was applied, while the highest yield loss (56%) was obtained during the early vegetative period of the first-year trial where no irrigation was applied. Biochemical analyses revealed that the highest accumulation of flavonoids, 0.83 mg g(-1), and anthocyanins, 1.51 mg g(-1), occurred in the early vegetative period with the trial that received no irrigation treatment. The phenolic compound content was determined as 1.62 mg g(-1), and the antioxidant capacity was found to be 1.93 mg g(-1) during the late vegetative period in the trials without irrigation treatment. These findings suggest that in regions with limited water resources, water conservation can be practiced during different vegetative periods in order to get higher biochemical benefits with a lower yield loss when cultivating red cabbage.
Effects of Drip Irrigations with Different Irrigation Intervals and Levels on Nutritional Traits of Paddy Cultivars
(MDPI, 2025) Çiftci, Beyza; Kardeş, Yusuf Murat; Varol, İhsan Serkan; Taş, İsmail; Akçura, Sevim; Coşkun, Yalçın; Karaman, Kevser; Akçura, Mevlüt
Rice serves as the primary food source for the majority of the world's population. In terms of irrigation water, the highest volume of irrigation water is utilized in paddy irrigation. Excessive water use causes both waste of limited water resources and various environmental problems. The drip irrigation method with high water use efficiency will reduce both the need for irrigation water and the environmental footprint of paddy production. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of two different irrigation intervals (2 and 4 days) and four irrigation levels (150%, 125%, 100%, and 75% of evaporation from a Class-A pan) on the nutritional traits of three different paddy cultivars (Ronaldo, Baldo, and Osmanc & imath;k). Increasing irrigation intervals and decreasing irrigation levels reduced the nutritional properties (protein, oil, starch) of the rice grains. In addition, increasing irrigation levels also increased the phytic acid and dietary fiber contents. The highest protein (7.14%) and total starch (87.10%) contents were obtained from the 150% irrigation treatments. The highest amylose content (20.74%) was obtained from the 75% irrigation treatment. In general, it was found that irrigation levels should be applied at 125% and 150% to increase the mineral content of rice grains. Although water deficits decreased the nutritional properties of the paddy cultivars, drip irrigation at an appropriate level did not have any negative effects on nutritional traits.
The Effect of Drip Irrigation and Nitrogen Levels on the Oil and Fatty Acid Composition of Sesame and Its Economic Analysis
(Mdpi, 2024) Taş, İsmail; Akçura, Sevim; Kaplan, Mahmut; Jagosz, Barbara; Atılgan, Atılgan; Kociecka, Joanna; Rolbiecki, Roman
One of the oldest oilseed crops is sesame, which is mainly cultivated due to its valuable oleic/linolenic fatty acid ratio. The application of precise irrigation and fertilisation is crucial to ensure the continuity and productivity of sesame production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This study aimed to determine the effect of drip irrigation and nitrogen levels on sesame's oil and fatty acid composition. For this purpose, four nitrogen doses (N0: 0 kg ha-1, N30: 30 kg ha-1, N60: 60 kg ha-1 and N90: 90 kg ha-1) and three different irrigation water levels (I50, I75 and I100, which correspond to 50, 75 and 100% evaporation levels from the evaporation of the Class A pan) were applied. The highest oleic acid content (43.06%) was obtained for the I75N90 treatment. In the case of linoleic fatty acid, the greatest value (43.66%) was for I50N0 treatment. The effects of irrigation and nitrogen doses on oleic acid and linoleic acid content were inverse of each other. An increase in applied irrigation water increased the linoleic acid content. However, it caused a decrease in oleic acid content. Increasing the nitrogen dose increased the oleic acid content and caused a decrease in linoleic acid content. Furthermore, this study showed that the I50N60 treatment (50% Epan and a rate of 60 kg N ha-1) is the most effective for achieving high grain and oil yields in sesame cultivation. The results obtained provide practical guidance for farmers in sesame cultivation.
Prediction of Greenhouse Area Expansion in an Agricultural Hotspot Using Landsat Imagery, Machine Learning and the Markov-FLUS Model
(Mdpi, 2024) İnalpulat, Melis
Greenhouses (GHs) are important elements of agricultural production and help to ensure food security aligning with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, there are still environmental concerns due to excessive use of plastics. Therefore, it is important to understand the past and future trends on spatial distribution of GH areas, whereby use of remote sensing data provides rapid and valuable information. The present study aimed to determine GH area changes in an agricultural hotspot, Serik, T & uuml;rkiye, using 2008 and 2022 Landsat imageries and machine learning, and to predict future patterns (2036 and 2050) via the Markov-FLUS model. Performances of random forest (RF), k-nearest neighborhood (KNN), and k-dimensional trees k-nearest neighborhood (KD-KNN) algorithms were compared for GH discrimination. Accordingly, the RF algorithm gave the highest accuracies of over 90%. GH areas were found to increase by 73% between 2008 and 2022. The majority of new areas were converted from agricultural lands. Markov-based predictions showed that GHs are likely to increase by 43% and 54% before 2036 and 2050, respectively, whereby reliable simulations were generated with the FLUS model. This study is believed to serve as a baseline for future research by providing the first attempt at the visualization of future GH conditions in the Turkish Mediterranean region.
Monitoring and multi-scenario simulation of agricultural land changes using Landsat imageries and future land use simulation model on coastal of Alanya
(Pagepress Publ, 2024) İnalpulat, Melis
Anthropogenic activities have adverse impacts on productive lands around coastal zones due to rapid developments. Assessment of land use and land cover (LULC) changes provide a better understanding of the process for conservation of such vulnerable ecosystems. Alanya is one of the most popular tourism hotspots on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, and even though the city faced severe LULC changes after the mid-80s due to tourism-related investments, limited number of studies has been conducted in the area The study aimed to determine short-term and long-term LULC changes and effects of residential development process on agricultural lands using six Landsat imageries acquired between 1984 and 2017, and presented the first attempt of future simulation in the area. Average annual conversions (AAC) (ha) were calculated to assess magnitudes of annual changes in six different periods. AACs were used to calculate area demands for LULC2030 and LULC2050, whereby annual conversions from different periods were multiplied by the number of years between 2017, 2030 and 2050 for each scenario. Finally, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for agricultural lands are simulated using a future land use simulation model. Accordingly, agricultural lands decreased from 53.9% to 31.4% by 22.5% in 33 years and are predicted to change between 19.50% and 24.63% for 2030, 1.07% and 14.10% for 2050, based on pessimistic and optimistic scenarios, respectively.
The effect of climate change on stream basin hydrometeorological variables: The example of Dim Stream (Turkey)
(European Regional Centre Ecohydrology Polish Acad Sciences, 2024) Atılgan, Atılgan; Yücel, Ali; Kocieckac, Joanna; Rolbieckid, Roman; Şenyiğit, Ulaş; Taş, İsmail; Markovic, Monika
Climate change is causing serious problems in various economic sectors in particular involving water management. For this reason, it is extremely important to conduct research to identify climate change trends and better understand them. This study was carried out in the Dim Stream basin in the Western Mediterranean region (Turkey), which is particularly vulnerable to climate change. The study used flow data from two flow observation stations (FOS) and meteorological records such as wind speed, average flow, precipitation, temperature, evaporation, radiation, and relative humidity for 1984-2017. These data showed the changes between flow and hydrometeorological variables using linear regression analysis, coefficient of variation, t-test and correlation analysis. It has been determined that there has been a rapid decrease in the average flow of the FOS number 09006 since 1995 and the average flow of the FOS number 09-013 since 1999. Also, it was demonstrated that the average relative humidity (RHave), ave ), average temperature (Tave), ave ), average precipitation (Pave), total precipitation (Pt) and maximum precipitation (P max ) meteorological variables were most affected by climate change in the basin. Furthermore, it was found that the most changes were Qy ave (67.60%), T m i n (48.23%), P max (36.43%), P ave (33.91%), Pt t (33.90%), and RH ave (2.63%) in FOS numbered 09-013. Moreover, it was concluded that climate change variability had developed trends towards a rapid decrease in the flow values at the flow observation stations in Dim Stream. These results show that plans and measures for the efficient and sustainable management of water resources in this region must be implemented immediately.
Spatial distribution and health risk assessment for heavy metals of the soils around coal-fired power plants of northwest Turkey
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Parlak, Mehmet; Taş, İsmail; Görgişen, Ceren; Gökalp, Zeki
This study was conducted to determine heavy metal concentrations of the soils around two thermal power plants located in & Ccedil;anakkale province (northwest Turkey) and health hazards of these heavy metals. By using random sampling method, 45 surface soils (0-5 cm depth) were taken from around the thermal power plants and heavy metal analyses were conducted on these samples. Average values of some heavy metals were greater than the normal background levels, and the others were lower than the background levels. While Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn concentrations were higher than worldwide soils, Co, Cu, and Pb concentrations were lower than worldwide soils. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) between 1) Co and Cd, 2) Cr and Cd, 3) Ni and Cd, 4) Pb and Cu, 5) Zn and Mn 6) Zn and Pb and highly significant positive correlations (p < 0.01) between 1) Cu and Cd, 2) Mn and Cd, 3) Zn and Cd, 4) Cr and Co, 5) Cu and Co, 6) Mn and Co, 7) Ni and Co, 8) Cu and Cr, 9) Mn and Cr, 10) Ni and Cr, 11) Ni and Cr, 12) Mn and Cu, 13) Ni and Cu, 14) Zn and Cu. Health risk assessments of heavy metals were made based on both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk index. The total non-carcinogenic risk index is 3.87E-01 for children and 4.67 E-02 for adults and present values were above these limits. Carcinogenic risks of heavy metals in children and adults were determined in the order of Cr > Pb > Ni > Co > Pb. Cr and Pb were found to be higher than the acceptable risk range (10-6-10-4) in children and adults. Since Cr and Pb concentrations exceed the limit values, heavy metal contents of the soils in the study area should be monitored regularly.
Determination of drought resistance of miniature rose varieties
(Routledge, 2024) Demirel, Kürşad; Çamoğlu, Gökhan; Akçal, Arda; Doğan, G. Rumeyse; Cengiz, Selin; Nar, Hakan; Kahrıman, Fatih
The researchers aimed to determine the effects of different irrigation levels on plant water consumption (ET), physiological, morphological and biomass traits of four different miniature rose varieties (Rosa Spp, cv. Mandarin, Orange Juwel, Zwergen Fee 09 and Zwergkönig 78). Four different irrigation levels (100% (control), 75%, 50%, 25%) were created in the experiment. The research was carried out at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Crop Stress Monitoring and Thermography Laboratory in 2020–2021. Water stress negatively affected the physiological and morphological traits measured in all four varieties. The six-month ET values of Mandarin, Orange Juwel, Zwergen Fee 09 and Zwerkönig 78 miniature rose varieties were 255.7–642.3 mm, 293.6–796.3 mm, 277.3–736.2 mm and 261.8–675.9 mm, respectively. Mandarin is more resistant to drought because its ET values are lower than other varieties.
Discrimination of water stress in pepper using thermography and leaf turgor pressure probe techniques
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Çamoğlu, Gökhan; Demirel, Kürşad; Kahrıman, Fatih; Akçal, Arda; Nar, Hakan; Boran, Ahmet; Eroğlu, İlker; Genç, Levent
The use of technology is spreading rapidly in modern agriculture with remote sensing and sensor technologies becoming more important. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibilities of determining the water stress level and irrigation time in peppers using leaf pressure probes based on turgor pressure and thermography techniques. An experiment consisting of four different irrigation treatments (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%) was conducted in Canakkale province, Turkey in the 2017–2018 summer growing seasons. During this seasons, leaf turgor pressure (Pp) and soil moisture levels were recorded in real time by a remote monitoring system. Thermographic measurements were taken before each irrigation. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and regression tree methods. Results show that both Pp and thermal data significantly differed according to water stress. Pp values decreased partially after irrigation and increased until the next irrigation. However, it was observed that it is not enough to decide the irrigation time using results obtained from graphical readings only. Models including meteorological features strengthen the decision-making models. According to the classification and regression tree analysis, it was revealed that there is a potential to separate the treatments, especially in models including thermal indices. Leaf turgor pressure data and thermal indices, which are plant-based monitoring techniques, have the potential to be used in determining irrigation time and distinguishing water stress in the pepper plant. However, there is a need for more studies especially in laboratory conditions, to understand the mechanisms in plants and how environmental conditions affect the responses of Pp probes.
Plant-based monitoring techniques to detect yield and physiological responses in water-stressed pepper
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Çamoğlu, Gökhan; Demirel, Kürşad; Kahrıman, Fatih; Akçal, Arda; Nar, Hakan
Today, the use of sensors and imaging techniques, which are used to obtain information about plants and soil in smart irrigation systems, is rapidly becoming widespread. This study aimed to investigate the usability of leaf turgor pressure and thermal images from plant-based monitoring techniques to detect water stress and the irrigation time of pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. “California Wonder”) and to determine their relationship with physiological traits in Canakkale/Türkiye in 2017 and 2018. The four irrigation treatments (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%) were applied in the experiment. Leaf turgor pressure (Pp), thermal images and physiological measurements were carried out during the growing season. Soil moisture and Pp were monitored in real time by remote. Thermal and physiological measurements were made before each irrigation. As a result of the study, the average evapotranspiration (ETc) was 697 mm, and the yield value was 83.7 t ha−1 under non-stress conditions. Depending on the decrease in ETc, yield values also decreased significantly. Leaf water potential and stomatal conductivity values were statistically different in all irrigation treatments. The change in the activity of catalase (CAT) due to water stress was greater than that of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In this case, it can be said that other physiological traits are more successful than SOD in distinguishing water stress. According to the regression models, significant relationships were determined between both the indices calculated from the thermal images and Pp, yield, and physiological traits. The predictive ability of Pp values has been strengthened with the addition of meteorological properties to the model in general. The highest correlation (R2 =0.63) was between Pp + meteorological properties and CAT. All the regression models between physiological traits and indices calculated from thermal images were statistically significant. The highest R2 values were obtained in August. In this month, the highest correlations were between Crop Water Stress Index (CWSIp) and leaf water potential / stomatal conductivity (R2 =0.91), IGp and stomatal conductivity (R2 =0.80). The predictive power of CWSIp was higher than Stomatal Conductivity Index (IGp). The experiment illustrated that Pp and temperature data, which are plant-based monitoring methods, have the potential to detect water stress in peppers.
Evaluation of Irrigation Experiments with GGE Biplot Method and Economic Analysis of Drip Irrigation System: A Case Study of Peanut Production
(Ankara University, 2023) Taş, İsmail
Besides irrigation water (IW) quantity and quality, there is a decrease also in soil quality and fertility. Agricultural production lands are decreasing both in quantity and quality. There is a search for different operational alternatives in sandy soils with low production potentials. Drip irrigation is primarily practiced attain get greater yields per unit area. This study was conducted under sand soil conditions, commonly preferred for peanut farming, in the 2017-2018 growing seasons. A drip irrigation system was used in production. Halisbey, NC-7, and Sultan cultivars were used as plant materials. Two different irrigation intervals (2 and 4 days) and four different irrigation levels (I50, I75,I100 and I125, calculated based on cumulative evaporation from the class-A pan) were applied. The data of five vegetative traits, including grain yield, were evaluated by regression and GGE biplot analysis. In addition, applied IW quantity, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency (WUE) were assessed by econometric analysis. Evapotranspiration values varied between 402-832 mm, applied IW quantities between 313-783 mm, yields between 5,269-8,269 kg ha-1, WUE values between 0.63-1.55 kg ha-1 m-3, economic water productivity over gross revenues between 1.29-3.81 $ m-3 and benefit and cost ratios varied between 4.73-10.95. The GGE biplot statistical method is a useful tool in the evaluation of irrigation research where the number of applications and materials is high. As a results of the study, a 2-day irrigation interval and 75% of pan evaporation could be used in the irrigation of peanut plants grown under sandy soil conditions.
Influence of Simulated Tembotrione Drift on Growth and Yield of Drip-Irrigated Tomato
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Yıldırım, Murat; Kaya, Seçkin; Mucan, Umut
Tembotrione is a herbicide belonging to the triketone group, which is commonly used for postemergence weed control in maize fields. However, its application can have unintended effects on plants growing on neighboring land, due to factors such as spray drift, carryover, and residue in soils. These off-target effects can potentially cause harm to non-target plants and ecosystems. Off-target application of tembotrione to tomato plants can result in negative effects such as various patterns of chlorosis and reduction in growth, yield, and quality. These effects can adversely impact tomato plants and their ability to produce healthy fruit. Field trials were conducted to explain the negative effects of tembotrione on tomato plants at a rate of 20% of the recommended dose specified on the label. Several growth parameters were measured during the trial to assess the impact of tembotrione on tomato plants: fresh and dry biomass of plants (g), leaf area (cm2), yield (kg plot−1), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), titrable acidity (%), soluble solid content (%), and pH. According to the results obtained, tembotrione negatively affected tomato plants. The applied dose of tembotrione mostly had a negative effect on the quality of both the tomato foliage and fruits. However, despite this negative effect, there was no statistically significant impact on the yield. In fact, the yield slightly increased as a result of tembotrione treatment. On the other hand, use of tembotrione caused a decrease in the marketable yield of tomatoes due to a reduction in the visual quality of the fruits. Additionally, the tembotrione drift simulation treatment resulted in an increase of approximately 17.5% in titrable acidity (TA).
Quantification of LULC Changes and Urbanization Effects on Agriculture Using Historical Landsat Data in North-West Anatolia, Turkey
(HARD Publishing Company, 2021) İnalpulat, Melis; Genç, Levent
The Present study focused on investigation of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes within three basins located in North-West part of Anatolia region, Turkey. The study area consisted of six provinces with 41 districts. Visible, near-infrared and shortwave-infrared bands of Landsat imageries, acquired in production seasons of 1984, 1999, and 2014, served as main data source. The area is covered by six Landsat scenes. Supervised classification maximum likelihood algorithm was adopted whereas LULC classes were considered as forest (F), grazing-other vegetation (G-O), agriculture (A), water surface (W), and residential area-bare soil (R-B). Prior to the classification process, scenes were subset according to district boundaries, and district-level images were classified to improve the classification precision, and then mosaicked to obtain LULC1984, LULC1999 and LULC2014 maps. The reliabilities of maps were evaluated by accuracy assessments using 900 stratified randomized control points with minimum of 90 points per class. LULC changes were evaluated in two terms; changes within study area (WSA) (ha, %) and changes within class area (WCA) (%). Moreover, distributions of class areas along three basins were presented. Finally, past statuses of each class were compared, particularly, impacts of urbanization on agriculture were highlighted, and population change patterns were evaluated as main underlying reason.
Effects of irrigation intervals and irrigation levels on oil content and fatty acid composition of peanut cultivars
(AcademicPres, 2021) Akçura, Sevim; Taş, İsmail; Kökten, Kağan; Kaplan, Mahmut; Bengü, Aydin S.
Oil content and fatty acid composition are the most significant quality criteria of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), and these parameters is greatly influenced by irrigation and fertilization practices. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation intervals and irrigation levels on oil content and fatty acid composition of peanuts, under sandy soil conditions in two consecutive years, using ‘Halisbey’, ‘NC-7’, and ‘Sultan’ peanut cultivars, commonly grown in Turkey. Irrigation levels were arranged based on total evaporation from Class-A pan, and irrigations were applied through drip lines. Irrigation intervals were set as two and four days, and irrigation levels were set as 50% (I50), 75% (I75), 100% (I100) and 125% (I125) of Class-A pan evaporations. Oil content, unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids), and saturated fatty acids (palmitic, myristic, arachidic, behenic and lignoceric acids) were determined. For oil content, treatments were identified as the most appropriate irrigation for a two-day irrigation interval of all cultivars, I100 for four-day irrigation interval of ‘Halisbey’ and ‘Sultan’ cultivars and I75 for four-day irrigation interval of ‘NC-7’ cultivar. Oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids of peanuts. Cultivars exhibited different variations in these fatty acids based on irrigation intervals and irrigation levels. In general, oleic acid contents decreased, but linoleic and palmitic acid contents increased with increasing irrigation levels. The greatest oleic acid contents were obtained from two and four-day irrigation intervals of I50 treatments in ‘Halisbey’ and ‘NC-7’ cultivars and from two and four-day irrigation intervals of I75 treatments of the second year in ‘Sultan’ cultivar. Present findings revealed that for quality peanut production, both irrigation intervals and irrigation levels should be taken into consideration.
Yaprak Basınç Sensörlerini Kullanarak Ceviz Fidanlarında Yaprak Su Durumunun Gerçek Zamanlı İzlenebilirliği
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020-06-29) Çamoğlu, Gökhan; Karaağaç, Mert
Sulama, her tür bitkide en önemli tarımsal uygulamadır. Günümüzde bitkilerin suya karşı olan tepkilerini anlamak için yeni teknolojiler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, ceviz fidanlarının erken döneminde oluşabilecek su stresine karşı değişen yaprak su durumunu, yaprak basınç sensörlerini kullanarak belirleme potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla; 2020 yılında, saksı ortamında yetiştirilen 1 yaşlı Pikan cevizi fidanlarında, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi’nde kontrollü koşullarda üç farklı sulama aralığından (7, 17 ve 21 gün) oluşan deneme yürütülmüştür. Sulama konularına başlamadan önce her saksıdaki fidanın birer yaprağına yaprak basınç sensörleri yerleştirilmiştir. Yapraklara yerleştirilen bu sensörler ile bitkilerin su durumu web tabanlı sistem üzerinden anlık olarak kaydedilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, ceviz fidanlarında erken dönemdeki su stresinden kaynaklanan yaprak turgor durumundaki değişikliklerin yaprak basınç sensörleri yardımıyla belirlenebileceği ve böylelikle sulama zamanının belirlenmesindeki kullanım potansiyeli olduğu söylenebilir. Ancak, bunun daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için uzun dönemli ve farklı ceviz çeşitlerinde de denenmesi önerilebilir.
Farklı Sulama Suyu Seviyelerinin Serada Yetiştirilen Kıvırcık Marulun (Lactuca sativa var. campania) Verimi ve Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2015-06-01) Yıldırım, Murat; Bahar, Erdem; Demirel, Kürşad
Bu araştırma, farklı sulama suyu düzeylerinin ısıtmasız cam serada kış döneminde yetiştirilen kıvırcık marulun (Lactuca sativa var. campania) verim ve bitki gelişimi üzerine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Dardanos Yerleşkesinde 2011–2012 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre kurulmuş ve A sınıfı buharlaşma kabından meydana gelen buharlaşma miktarına göre sulamalar yapılmıştır. Bitki–kap katsayıları (Kcp) 0,25, 0,50, 0,75, 1,00 ve 1,25 alınarak sulama konuları I1,25, I1,0, I0,75, I0,50, I0,25 şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Kış dönemi süresince iki bitkisel üretim gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci üretim döneminde 15–75 mm ve ikinci üretim döneminde 9–45 mm arasında değişen sulama suyu deneme parsellerine uygulanmıştır. Gerçekleşen bitki su tüketimleri dönemler arasında sırasıyla 88–115 ve 56–79 mm tespit edilmiştir. Her iki üretim döneminin sonunda deneme konularından elde edilen toplam verim değerleri 2,239–3,742 kg/da arasında farklılık göstermiştir. En yüksek verim değerleri, en fazla sulama suyunun uygulandığı deneme konusunda, üretim dönemlerine göre sırasıyla 1,544 ve 2,198 kg/da bulunmuştur. İkinci üretim döneminde, tüm deneme konularında verimlerin arttığı görülmektedir. Sulama suyunun artışı ile birlikte marulların tek meyve ağırlığının, yaprak alanlarının, taç genişliklerinin ve boylarının arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırma, Çanakkale’de serada yetiştirilen marul için sulama programının oluşturulmasında A sınıfı buharlaşma kaplarının kullanılabileceği göstermektedir ve kap katsayısı olarak 1.25’nin kullanılması önerilmektedir.
Marulda Farklı Tuz ve Potasyum Uygulamalarının Verim ve Bazı Fizyo-Morfolojik Özelliklere Etkileri
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2015-06-01) Çamoğlu, Gökhan; Demirel, Kürşad
Bu çalışma, farklı tuz ve potasyum düzeylerinin marul bitkisinin verimine ve bazı fizyolojik (yaprak oransal su içeriği, stoma iletkenliği ve membran geçirgenliği) ve morfolojik (bitki boyu ve çapı, toplam ve atılan yaprak sayısı) özelliklerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2011–2012 yılı kış döneminde sera koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, 2 farklı tuz (0,6 dS m-1 (T0) ve 4,0 dS m-1 (T1)) ve 4 farklı potasyum seviyesi (5 kg da-1 (K1), 16 kg da-1 (K2), 32 kg da-1 (K3) ve 48 kg da-1 (K4)) uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, marul veriminin tuzlu sulama suyundan önemli oranda etkilendiği ve uygulanan potasyum düzeyindeki artışın verimi iyileştirici yönde bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür. Tuzsuz koşullarda gereğinden çok daha fazla potasyum uygulaması verimi ve fizyolojik özellikleri önemli oranda azaltmış, tuzlu koşullarda ise verim ve fizyolojik özelliklerden sadece membran geçirgenliği üzerine potasyumun herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Hem tuzsuz hem de tuzlu su ile sulanan marulda en yüksek stoma iletkenliği ve yaprak oransal su içeriği değerleri ihtiyacından iki kat fazla potasyumun uygulandığı konulardan elde edilmiştir. Tuz ve potasyum düzeylerindeki artış veya azalış, morfolojik özelliklerden bitki boyu ve yaprak sayısını değiştirmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, marul bitkisi için sulama suyundaki tuz seviyesinin artmasının bitki gelişimini olumsuz etkilediği ve ihtiyacından çok daha fazla uygulanan potasyumun tuz stresini azaltıcı bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür.
Water and Radiation Use Efficiency of Eggplant Under None Water Stress Condition in Semi–Arid Region
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2015-12-01) Yıldırım, Murat
An experiment was conducted in an open field to determine the simultaneous relationship between radiation interception, evapotranspiration, plant development and yield. Full water demand of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv) was met througout the entire growing season by using Class–A pan in 2014. This study assessed the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), water use efficiency (WUE), radiation use efficiency (RUE) and total dry matter (TDM) of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in each stages throuhout the all growing period. The incident PAR was 1120 MJ m-2 , of which 393 Mj m-2 intercepted by the eggplant canopy. The yield was 41.5 t ha-1 , with the applied water of 509 mm and evapotranspiration of 612.9 mm for the entire growing season, lasting 113 days. In this experiment, a strong relationship was determined between solar radiation and evaporation occuring from Class–A pan. Therefore, it is thought to be used in the activatation of micro irrigation systems automatically.
Yield and Quality Compounds of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.cv. Beaumont) as Affected by Different Irrigation Levels
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2017-08-01) Yıldırım, Murat; Durak, Emrah
The field experiment was carried out at the Dardanos Agricultural Research Station of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University in 2015, near Dardanelles straits in Canakkale province, Turkey. Irrigation interval (4-day) was fixed for all treatments and evaporation was determined by Class-A pan. In the full treatment (I1.0), water in the root zone was refilled according to the amount of water evaporated from Class-A pan. In the deficit treatments, the water applied was 70% (I0.7), 30% (I0.3) and 0% (I0.0) of full irrigation. It is concluded that broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.cv. Beaumont) gave the highest yield and quality in terms of that water need (I1.0, 361 mm) was fully met. If there is water scarcity in the field where broccoli is cultivated, an economical income from broccoli production can be obtained by saving 30% water or applying water of 253 (I0.7) mm. However, if water stress exceeds more than 30%, the yield and especially the quality of broccoli can be significantly lost.

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