Çanakkale Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/3540

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The Individual and Combined Effects of Electrolyzed Water and Chitosan Coating Applications on the Storage Stability of Fresh Strawberries
(Springer, 2025) Yumak Alnıak, Nesrin; Caner, Cengiz; Yüceer, Muhammed
Fresh strawberry is very susceptible to spoilage and has limited storage stability due to its fast metabolism. The main focus of this research was to evaluate if electrolyzed water (EW) (30 ppm or 90 ppm) and 1% chitosan coating can be applied individually and in combination to evaluate individual and synergistic effects on extending the storage stability of fresh strawberries. The samples were analyzed (the gas composition, pH, degrees Brix, weight loss, spoilage rate, texture as well as total anthocyanin and total phenolic composition) for the 5 weeks at 4 degrees C. At the end of storage, the O2 in the trays reduced from 21 to 13% in the groups treated with chitosan, and the CO2 ratio increased from 0.03 to 14%. The most dramatic change in gas exchange, pH, and degrees Brix occurred in the control group during storage. The decrease was less in the chitosan-coated ones. Although there is no linear change in color values (L* and a*), it can be said that EW application has a more conservative feature, especially on a*. At the end of the storage, the combination of chitosan and EW had a spoiled fruit rate of 25-30% by weight, while this rate reached 67% in the control group. The hardness value of strawberries decreases throughout storage. Although there was a decrease in total anthocyanin and total phenolic components during the 5 weeks of storage, the highest protection was measured in samples where chitosan and EW were applied together. As a result of this study, the remarkable synergistic efficacy carried out by the combined application of the chitosan coatings and the EW (30 ppm or 90 ppm) makes it an attractive promising sustainable substitute for artificial preservatives while maintaining their fresh-like quality and improved appeal within the food industry.
The efficiency of Thermosonication, Ultrasonication and pasteurization on the storage stability of fresh eggs
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Caner, Cengiz; Gedikoğlu Arslan, Pınar; Yüceer, Muhammed
The effectiveness of ultrasonication (90 W 3.5 min.), thermosonication (52 degrees C, 90 W 3.5 min.), and pasteurization (57.5 degrees C, 25 min.) processes on the quality attributes (HU as Haugh unit, YI as yolk index, dry matter, pH, foam stability and relative foam capacity) and shell strength of fresh eggs were evaluated during storage period. The significant differences in HU values between the untreated group and the treated eggs began to be observed from the day-10. The significant differences were found in the HU both in the untreated group (47.95) and in the eggs treated with ultrasonication (55.56), thermosonication (63.64), and pasteurization (73.28), with the highest HU value found in the pasteurized eggs at day-30. It was observed that thermosonication treatments maintained higher YI values compared to the untreated group, with significant differences between the values. The pH of the albumen and yolk at all groups increased in the highest value with control (albumen 9.44 - yolk 6.44), ultrasonication (albumen 9.35 - yolk 6.34), thermosonication (albumen 9.37 - yolk 6.41), and pasteurization (albumen 9,40 - yolk 6.35). The albumen dry matter values tended to increase in all groups during the storage, with the lowest dry matter results observed in the ultrasonicated samples. The relative foam capacity (RWC) value of the eggs treated with ultrasonication (796) was higher than those of the control (626), thermosonication (735), and pasteurization (680) groups. It was highlighted that thermal treatment led to a decrease in the RWC values at day-30. The lowest shell strength values were observed in the thermosonication samples due to both the cavitation mechanism and heat. This study demonstrated that thermosonication process is efficacious in maintaining the quality attributes of the fresh shell eggs. It was found that the combination of ultrasound with heat particularly improved quality characteristics such as HU and YI. Thermosonication applications could be an important and effective alternative for enhancing the internal-quality attributes and increasing the storage stability of eggs.
Synthesis, molecular, and photophysicochemical characterizations of phthalocyanine dyes containing sodiumsulfonatenaphthalen-2-olate groups
(Elsevier, 2025) Saruhan, Serkan; Pişkin, Mehmet; Özturk, Ömer Faruk; Odabaş, Zafer
In this study, novel highly water-soluble 6-sodiumsulfonatenaphthalen-2-olate substituted phthalocyanines from the organic near-infrared dye class and contained zinc(II) or indium(III) metal ions in their cavity, were designed, and synthesized to explore their potential use as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. The molecular structures of the starting materials and dyes were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The solubility and aggregation behaviors of these phthalocyanine dyes have been investigated in polar solvent types such as dimethylsulfoxide and N,Ndimethylformamide, ethanol, methanol, and water, as well as in phosphate-buffered saline. They have high solubility in the studied solvents and do not show any tendency to aggregate, except for water. Their photophysical and photochemical properties were investigated in N,N-dimethylformamide. The influence of the presence and position of substituents on their macrocyclic and the nature of the metal species in their cavities on their photophysical and photochemical parameters were reported. The fluorescence properties of the zinc(II) dyes studied were enhanced, while those of indium(III) dyes were low but sufficient as photosensitizers. The suitable and sufficient photophysicochemical properties of the water-soluble near-infrared new phthalocyanine dyes denote they can be potential candidates as Type II photosensitizers for photocatalytic applications.
Trends in Sustainability and Innovative Food Packaging Materials: An Overview
(Sidas Medya A.S., 2024) Caner, Cengiz; Yüceer, Muhammed; Harte, Bruce
Globally, 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted or lost every year. This loss is valued at US $2.6 trillion and accounts for 8-10% of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Food waste is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions and results in a waste of natural resources. Therefore, reducing food waste can help diminish GHG emissions, improve food security, and promote healthy food systems. Packaging plays an important role in protecting food, enhancing quality and safety, and reducing food losses. Innovative and sustainable packaging strategies are necessary to decrease waste accumulation, particularly of plastics, safeguard food quality and safety, and reduce food losses and waste. Sustainable packaging aims to enhance the effectiveness of design and the use of environmentally friendly materials. This review provides an overview of the sustainable status of common packaging materials such as plastic, glass, metal, and paper/cardboard based on the circular economy, which includes recycling, reuse, composting, and bio-based packaging. The study examines new developments in food packaging materials in response to the growing demand for environmentally sustainable alternatives. Several applications from food companies and sustainable studies are discussed regarding continuous availability without impacting the environment. Ongoing research and technological advancements, such as material reduction, the development of innovative new materials like bioplastics, and improvements in recycling, will contribute to increasing the acceptance of sustainable packaging. Definitions, requirements, limitations, legislation, and applications of sustainable packaging are explored. Sustainable packaging can stimulate economic growth and offer new opportunities for companies, notably by helping the environment and reducing the carbon footprint. However, the cost of sustainable packaging can still be challenging for small businesses. Determining whether consumers are willing to pay more for sustainable packaging is also crucial in this transition. © 2024 Sidas Medya A.S.. All rights reserved.
Ultrasonically sprayed cobalt oxide thin films: Enhancing of some physical properties by nickel doping
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Kuş, Esra; Küçükkarslan, Ayşe; Demirselçuk, Barbaros; Sarıca, Emrah; Akyüz, İdris; Bilgin, Vildan
In this study, the effect of Ni doping (3, 6, 9 at%) on structural, optical, electrical and magnetic properties of Co3O4 films was reported. Films were grown at 300 ± 5 °C substrate temperature via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique. The structural analyses showed that undoped and Ni (3%) doped films exhibit an amorphous structure. Ni doping at higher ratios caused the films to have improved crystallinity. Optical band gap values the films were found to be between 2.03 and 2.08 eV with an additional sub-band corresponding to energies varying between 1.35 and 1.46 eV. The electrical conductivity values of the films increased significantly depending on the Ni doping. The hysteresis curves of the films showed that the films have weak ferromagnetic properties. Ni doping significantly improved the structural and electrical properties of Co3O4 films making them suitable materials for technological applications.
The effect of nanoparticle sizes on the structural, optical and electrical properties of indium sulfide thin films consisting of In2S3 and In6S7 phases
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Demir, Ramazan; Göde, Fatma; Güneri, Emine; Emen, Fatih Mehmet
Indium sulfide thin films consisting of In2S3 and In6S7 phases were synthesized onto microscope glass substrates with different nanoparticle size using the chemical bath deposition method (CBD). Immediately after obtaining the films, they were annealed at 400°C for 1 h in reduced media in order to get better crystallization. The effect of nanoparticle sizes on the structural, compositional, optical, and electrical properties of the films was investigated. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), UV–Vis spectroscopy and sheet resistivity measurements. The XRD spectra revealed the existence of both the cubic In2S3 and monoclinic In6S3 phases. From the SEM micrographs, the deposited films showed dense and good coverage of the surface with cracks. Moreover, nanoparticle sizes increased from 53 nm to 142 nm with increasing deposition time as well as film thickness. With an increase in nanoparticle size, the S/In ratio in the films decreased from 1.74 to 1.21 showing sulfur deficiency in the deposited films. The direct band gap (Eg) of the films decreased from 3.35 eV to 2.70 eV with increasing nanoparticle size. The sheet resistivity of the films decreased from 1.69 × 107Ω/Sq to 4.61 × 103Ω/Sq. The obtained results demonstrate that nanoparticle sizes effected the structural, compositional, optical and sheet resistivity of the films.
Length-weight relationships of fishes caught by stationary uncovered pound nets in the coastal waters of Saros Bay, North Aegean Sea (Turkey)
(Ege University Faculty of Fisheries, 2021) Çolakoğlu, Serhat
Stationary uncovered pound nets are passively fishing gears used for fish catching according to traditional methods in the coastal waters of Saros Bay, North Aegean Sea. The purpose of this study was to determine length-weight relations (LWRs) for a wide range of fish species collected from the traps in the coastal waters of Saros Bay. We are studied in the fish species caught by four traps between April and August (fishing season) in 2010 - 2012. A total of 23 fish species belonging to 12 families were caught individual 2.096. The mean value of the growth pattern (b) was 3.141 +/- 0.042, ranging from 2.711 to 3.577. Whereas they were negative allometric only for two species (Pomatomus saltatrix and Mugil cephalus), from other fish species were observed to be 13 positive allometric and 8 isometrics. The LWR parameters for the positive allometric and isometric fish species were significant (P<0.05). This study provides some general information about the status of the LWR parameters of the fish species caught from the traps.
The impact of ozone and equilibrium-modified atmosphere packaging on storage stability and health-promoting indicators of fresh Angelino plums
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2024) Caner, Cengiz; Uysal Pala, Çiğdem; Yüceer, Muhammed
Effectiveness of ozone concentrations (2, 5, and 10 ppm) and exposure time (3 and 9 min) on selected physicochemical properties (pH, soluble solids, color values (L*, a*, and b*), and texture) and health-promoting indicators such as organic acids, total phenolics (TP), and anthocyanins of Angelino fresh plums was evaluated during storage (0, 30, 90, and 120 days) in equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging (EMAP). Total anthocyanin contents and organic acid profiles were significantly affected by storage times. Malic acid (MA) was the main organic acid in Angelino plums. MA content (4663 and 4764 mg/L) was the highest value in the ozonated 2-ppm/9-min and 5-ppm/3-min than other ozonated groups and also control at 120 days of the storage. The ozone treatments especially 2-ppm/9-min and 5-ppm/3 min can significantly retard the degradation of MA content (8294 to 2688-2694 mg/L) during the storage (p < .05). Total phenol content were most significantly decreased in the control during storage, with the loss at the level of 31.7% of TPs, while the lowest one 2-ppm/9-min (20.8%) and 5-ppm/-3 min (21.9%). The color and texture are maintained for the ozone applications compared to the control during storage. Ozonation with 2-ppm/9-min and 5-ppm/-3 min showed the best performance while maintaining the storage stability based on the physicochemical properties including hardness and bioactive compounds (such as anthocyanins and organic acids), visual appearance due to the more attractive color (L*, a*, b*) the plums.
Synthesis and characterization of epoxy resins containing imine group and their curing processes with aromatic diamine
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Kaya, İsmet; Gül, Murat; Şenol, Dilek
The epoxy resins containing imine bonding were prepared from hydroxyl substituted Schiff base monomers in two steps. At the first step, hydroxyl substituted Schiff base monomers were synthesized via condensation reaction. At the second step, epoxy resins were synthesized from the reaction between Schiff base monomers and epichlorohydrine (EPC). Then curing processes of epoxy resins were achieved by p-phenylenediamine compound. The structures of resulting compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, UV-Vis and H-1-NMR. TG-DTA and DSC measurements were performed for thermal characterizations of the compounds. Chemical resistances of the cured epoxy-amine systems were determined for coating applications in acidic, alkaline and organic solvents. HCl (10%, aqueous solution), NaOH (10%, aqueous solution), DMSO, DMF, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethanol, THF and acetone were used for corrosion tests. Chemical resistance data of the synthesized epoxy resins demonstrated that they have good chemical resistance against various acid, alkaline and common organic solvents. Surface morphologies of epoxy resin and the cured epoxy resin were determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. Also, optical band gap (E-g) values of Schiff base monomers and epoxy resins were calculated from UV-Vis measurements.
An Examination of the Impact of Game-Based Geometric Shapes Education Software Usage on the Education of Students With Intellectual Disabilities
(Sage Publications Inc, 2022) Demir, Ümit
Purpose:This study aims to research the impact of the e-learning environment, in which game-based education software was used, on the learning of students with intellectual disabilities.Design/Approach/Methods:The study group consisted of 34 students with intellectual disabilities studying at a special education vocational school in canakkale, Turkey. In this study, the true experimental method was used. For 5 weeks, the experimental group received blended learning that was supported by the usage of a game-based education software designed by the researcher, which includes interactive educational game applications. At the same time, control group students only received the teaching process in the classroom with the traditional teaching method. A course attitude scale and an achievement test were used for data collection.Findings:The analysis of the findings showed that there was a significant increase between pre-course and post-course attitudes and academic achievement scores of the students. There wasn't a significant difference between pre-course and post-course attitudes and academic achievement scores according to the gender and academic achievement scores. Males' academic achievement and attitude post-test scores were higher than females' scores. Students having upper daily mobile devices usage experience had higher post-test and academic achievement scores than students having lower daily mobile devices usage experience.Originality/Value:This article has the potential to construct a new practice example as a supplement for analyzing the game-based educational software usage on the education of students with intellectual disabilities. As a pilot study, it provides a good sample for further investigations.
Synthesis and characterization of substituted poly(naphthalene)s with imine bonding containing thiophene unit
(Elsevier Science Sa, 2019) Şenol, Dilek; Kaya, İsmet
In this study, 5-(4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrol-4-yl)naphthalen-1-amine was synthesized from the required reaction conditions of 3,3'-dibromo-2,2'-bithiophene with 1,5-diamine naphthalene. Then, Schiff base monomers were synthesized from the condensation reactions of 5-(4H-dithieno [3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrol-4-yl)naphthalen-1-amine with mono aldehydes such as 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and isovaniline. The Schiff base monomers were polymerized via oxidative polycondensation in 0.1 M KOH aqueous solution at 90 degrees C by 10-15% NaOCl oxidant. The structures of synthesized compounds were carried out by FT-IR, UV-Vis, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR techniques. Further characterization was implemented by cyclic voltammetry (CV) electrochemical properties, fluorescence (FL) measurements, electrical properties, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Depending on structural changes of synthesized polymers, differences were observed for the optical, electrochemical, thermal and physical properties. The optical and electrochemical band gaps, conductivity and fluorescence properties of P1 were found to be better than other polymers. The fluorescence intensity of P1 in two different wavelengths was found to be 632 a. u. and 1000 a.u. The optical (E-g) and electrochemical band gap values (E'(g)) of P1 were found to be 2.34 and 2.25 eV, respectively. This low band gap values have demonstrated to be a good conjugation in the structure. According to TG measurements, T-on temperature of P1, P2 and P3 were found to be 227, 293 and 306 degrees C, respectively. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of P1, P2 and P3 were calculated to be 39500, 40150 and 44300 Da, respectively.
Humidity properties of Schiff base polymers
(De Gruyter Poland Sp Zoo, 2018) Demir, Ramazan; Kaya, İsmet
The synthesized Schiff base polymers were investigated for humidity and chloroform response characteristics. The crystal structure of polymers were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (X-RD) method. We used the QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) method for the analyses of the water steam adsorption and desorption ratio of polymers. The experimental results showed that Schiff base polymers were very sensitive to humidity and chloroform at room temperature and it was possible to use it as a sensing element in moisture sensor applications.
Comparison of electrical characteristics of zinc oxide and cadmium sulfide films covered with 8-hydroxyquinoline for diode applications
(Springer, 2019) Demir, Ramazan; Kaya, İsmet
In the present work, n-ZnO/p-8HQ and n-CdS/p-8HQ thin film heterojunctions were fabricated using spin coating and chemical bath deposition (CBD) techniques, respectively. The letter n indicates that the film is an n-type semiconductor, and the letter p is a p-type semiconductor. The thin films of ZnO covered with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) and CdS covered with 8HQ were investigated for electrical characteristics. The crystal structure of the films was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The optical properties of the films were investigated through a ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis spectrometer). The experimental results show that the conduction mechanism in the films is ohmic. The experimental results also reveal that ZnO thin films have diode properties with 8HQ while CdS does not have diode properties with 8HQ.
Numerical and statistical buckling analysis of laminated composite plates with functionally graded fiber orientation angles
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Evran, Savaş
The aim of this numerical and statistical study was to investigate the buckling analysis of laminated composite plates containing functionally graded fiber orientation angles. The laminated composite plates had functionally graded fiber orientation angles based on Taguchi's L18 (2(1)x 3(2)) orthogonal array. The fiber orientation angles were considered to be control factors. Numerical analyses were performed using finite element software ANSYS. The optimum critical buckling load and the effects of fiber orientation angles for maximum data were determined using the analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio. The importance levels of laminates and their percent contribution on the buckling characteristics were calculated using analysis of variance. Regression analysis was employed to investigate the effects of control factors on buckling responses mathematically. The effects of laminate stacking sequence, mesh size, element type, mode number, and boundary condition were carried out using laminates with the optimum levels.
Electrical Characteristics of Cadmium Sulfide/4-Amino-2-Methyl-Quinoline Heterojunction Structure
(Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024) Demir, Ramazan; Kaya, İsmet
We fabricated a heterojunction structure composed of n-CdS and p-C10H10N2 films. The CdS film was prepared using the CBD method, while the C10H10N2 film was prepared using the spin coating method. Later, we performed the current-voltage (I-V) measurement of this PN diode which we made using Keithley 2400 sourcemeter. As can be seen from the logI-V diagram, this heterojunction structure exhibits rectifying properties. Using traditional methods, an ideality factor (n) of 1.93 and a barrier height value (Φb) of 0.79 eV were determined. An ideality factor of more than one indicates non-ideal I-V behavior in the CdS/C10H10N2 heterojunction diode formed. The interface layer, interface states and series resistance are some of the causes of this deviation. Moreover, Cheung's functions and a modified Norde function were used to determine the diode parameters, such as ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance. With the Cheung method, n=4.33, series resistance (RS)=168.65 kΩ and Φb=0.62 eV were found. Additionally, RS=686.08 kΩ and Φb=0.78 eV were found by the Norde method. Consistent barrier height values were found in all methods through comparison, suggesting compatibility. However, it was discovered that the series resistance values yielded by the Norde function exceeded those obtained by the Cheung functions.
Schiff bazı sübstitüentli oligofenollerin sentezi ve karakterizasyonu
(2003) Kaya, İsmet; Şenol Bahçeci, Dilek; Koyuncu, Sermet; Özdemir, Eyüp
Bu çalışmada, 2-aminofenol, 3-aminofenol, 4-aminofenol ile benzaldehit'in reaksiyonundan Schiff bazları elde edildi. Daha sonra oligo fenollerle NaOCl, $H_2O_$2 ve hava oksijenin oksidatif polikondenzasyon reaksiyon şartlan ve onların ürünleri incelendi. Schiff bazı sübstitüentli oligo fenoller alkali ortamda 50-100°C arasında 2-aminofenol, 3-aminofenol, 4-aminofenol ile benzaldehit'in oksidadif polikondenzasyonundan sentezlendi. Sentezlenmiş ürünlerin yapıları element analizi, FT-IR, $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$ ve UV-Vis spektrumlarındaki verilerinden faydalanarak belirlendi. O-2-HFBA-I, O-2-HFBA-II, O-3-HFBA ve O-4-HFBA'mn büyüklükçe ayırma kromatografısi analizleri (SEÇ) göre, sayıca ortalama molekül ağırlığı $(M_n)$, ağırlıkça ortalama molekül ağırlığı $(M_w)$ ve polidispersiti indeksi (PDI) değerleri sırasıyla 2166 g $mol^{-1}$, 2591 g $mol^{-1}$, 1,196; 1736 g $mol^{-1}$, 2509 g $mol^{-1}$, 1,445; 2372 g $mol^{-1}$, 4722 g $mol^{-1}$, 1,990 ve 2155 g $mol^{-1}$, 4164 g $mol^{-1}$ ve 1,737 olarak bulundu. Ayrıca, DTA ve TG analizleri oligo-2-hidroksifenilbenzaldimin (O-2-HPBA),oligo-3-hidroksifenilbenzaldimin (O-3-HPBA) ve oligo-4-hidroksifenilbenzaldimin (O-4-HPBA) thermo-oksidatif bozunmaya karşı kararlı olduklarını gösterdi. O-2-HPBA. O-3-HPBA ve O-4-HPBA'nın 1000°C'deki kütle kayıpları sırasıyla %93,63, %59,46 ve %95,87 olarak bulundu. Buna ilaveten, epoksi-oligomer blend karışımlarının termal özellikleri incelendi. Epoksi-oligomer blend karışımının 1000°C'deki kütle kaybı %55 olarak bulundu.
Stabilisation of lavender essential oil extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation: Characteristics of starch and soy protein-based microemulsions
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Çelebi Uzkuç, Nesrin Merve; Uzkuç, Hasan; Berber, Mehmet Mert; Tarhan Kuzu, Kübra; Togay, Sine Özmen; Kırca Toklucu, Ayşegül; Kurt, Saliha B.; Şahiner, Nurettin; Karagül Yüceer, Yonca
In this work, microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) technique was used to obtain lavender essential oil (LEO) with a yield of 5.5 %. Oil in water microemulsions of LEO were prepared with starch and soy protein by ultrasonic emulsification. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the samples were evaluated. Microemulsions exhibited antimicrobial effect against S. aureus and B. cereus. The major volatiles of LEO were linalool L (29.0 %), 1,8-cineole (13.9 %), camphor (12.3 %) and linalyl acetate (11.9 %). Camphene, 1,8-cineole, (Z)-ocimene, linalool, and 2,6-nonadienal were determined as aroma-active compounds by gas chromatography-olfactometry. The stability of emulsions at different pH (3, 6 and 9) and temperatures (4 and 25 °C) were evaluated by measuring their size distribution, zeta potential, viscosity and color during storage. The stable droplets of LEO microemulsion that ranged between 392 and 732 nm were obtained with starch at pH 6. The formulated starch-based emulsions of LEO at pH 6 revealed the highest stability at 25 °C.
Effects of protease-hydrolyzed egg white on the meringue batter properties and meringue textural and sensory properties during storage
(AZTI-Tecnalia, 2021) Yüceer, Muhammed; Caner, Cengiz
This study was focused to analyze the effects of different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 w/v) of protease hydrolyzed liquid egg white (LEW) on meringues batter and cookies. The color (L*, a*, b*, ΔE), physical and aeration properties (batter specific density (BSD), cooked meringues specific volume (MSV)), water activity, texture analysis and sensorial profiles of the meringues during three months of extended storage at ambient temperature (23 ± 2°C) was investigated. Additionally, the creep recovery compliance parameters, colors, and physico-chemical characteristics of freshly whipped meringue batter were also evaluated. Protease hydrolyzed samples exhibited higher L* and lower b* parameter. The BSD values (g/cm3) for control - 0 % (0.51 ± 0.01) was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after enzymatic treatment, lower values obtained in 1 % (0.37 ± 0.01) and 1.5 % (0.35 ± 0.01). The MSV values of cooked meringue was significantly increased (p < 0.05) depends on the protease concentrations. The strength of the meringue batter is increased after hydrolysis. However, the enzymatic hydrolysis reduced consumer satisfaction. This research points out the optimum (1.0 %) hydrolyzed LEW in preparation of meringue improved functionality, such as BSD and MSV parameters.
Improvement of structural, optical and magnetic properties of cobalt oxide thin films by doping with iron
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Küçükarslan, Ayşe; Kuş, Esra; Sarıca, Emrah; Akyüz, İdris; Bilgin, Vildan; Demirselçuk, Barbaros
In this study, using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique, undoped and Fe-doped (at 2, 4, 6%) Co3O4 films were deposited on microscope glass substrates at 300 ± 5 °C, and the effect of Fe doping on some physical properties of Co3O4 films was examined. The structural, optical, magnetic and morphological properties of all films were analyzed using X-ray diffractometer, UV–Vis spectrophotometer, vibrating sample magnetometer and atomic force microscope, respectively. Band gap values of Co3O4:Fe films were found to be between 1.98 and 2.12 eV with an additional sub-band corresponding to energies varying between 1.48 and 1.50 eV for all samples. Structural analysis showed that crystallization levels of the films were improved with the Fe doping. Also, hysteresis curves of the films showed weak ferromagnetic characteristics and the magnetic behavior of the films was found to be sensitive to doping amount of Fe. It was found that Fe doping has beneficial effect on some physical properties of Co3O4 films.
Levels of PAHs, PCBs, and toxic metals inRuditapes philippinarumandDonax trunculusin Marmara Sea, Turkey
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Künili, İbrahim Ender; Çolakoğlu, Serhat; Çolakoğlu, Fatma
BACKGROUND: The manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum and the wedge clam Donax trunculus are economic bivalve species which constitute an important part of the natural bivalve beds in the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Toxic chemicals such as, dioxins, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and toxic metals are recognized as important health risk factors that threaten public health via food or directly in the environment. In the present study, we aimed to determine and monitor levels of these toxic chemicals in both clam species, R. philippinarum and D. trunculus, between 2013 and 2017. RESULTS: According to the results, maximum levels of dioxins, PAHs, and toxic metals (lead, cadmium, mercury) during the period were determined as 0.18 pg g−1, 2.43 mg kg−1, and 0.44–0.53-0.1 mg kg−1, respectively. The level of contaminants in both clam species were determined to be below the threshold or tolerable daily intake values established by the European Commission, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Seasonal fluctuations were observed to be similar in both species and also in seasons, but elevated levels of PCBs and PAHs were detected in warmer months during the period. CONCLUSION: As a consequence, toxic chemicals in both clam species were found at low concentrations in this study from the point of view of public health concerns; however, the contaminants should be closely monitored in the future due to their elevated levels in samples.

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