Tarım Makinalari ve Teknolojileri Mühendisliği Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Bu koleksiyon için kalıcı URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/2735

Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 30

Precision Feeding in Laying Hens by Sound Technology
(Univ Namik Kemal, 2016) Aydın, Arda
In this study, a sound algorithm was developed to define the pecking sounds of laying hens. Furthermore, the relation between pecking sounds and feed intake of chickens was investigated to assess environmental impacts of precision feeding. The pecking sounds of 24 laying hens (Lohmann Brown) were recorded during 15 minutes by a microphone. Simultaneously, feed uptake quantity was automatically recorded using a weighing scale. The results demonstrate that 94% of the pecking sounds were correctly identified by the developed sound analysis method, whereas 6% of the identification results were false positives. Furthermore, a linear regression test was applied to define the coefficient of determination between the number of peckings and feed uptake and the number of peckings and feed intake of the birds, which respectively resulted in (R-2 = 0.993 and 0.991). Additionally, 91% of feed intake was succesfully detected by the proposed sound detection system. Furthermore, the results of the developed system were compared to the results of reference method in this case a weighing system measurements. Since strong correlations (R-2 = 0.991) were found between the number of peckings and feed intake of laying hens on the one hand and between the results of algorithm and reference methods on the other hand, the results showed that the proposed system has a big potential to be used to detect the feed intake and feed wastage of laying hens.
Using sound technology to automatically detect the short-term feeding behaviours of broiler chickens
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Aydın, Arda; Berckmans, D.
This paper describes a novel monitoring system to accurately detect the short-term feeding behaviours (meal size, meal duration, meals per day and feeding rate) of broiler chickens at group level by a real-time sound processing technology. In this research, the pecking sounds of 10 male, 39 days old, broiler chickens were recorded by a microphone that was attached to the feeder. Simultaneously, the appearances of broilers around feeder were recorded by a camera that was positioned at the top of the feeding pen. At the same time, a weighing system was used to automatically record feed uptake of broilers as a reference method. Moreover, an existing algorithm was used to detect the pecking sounds of 10 broiler chickens while the birds were all eating together. The feeding behaviours of broiler chickens were obtained by pecking sound analysis. The results of the algorithm were compared to reference feeding behaviours through weighing system measurements and video observations. The relationship between feeding behaviours obtained by algorithm and feeding behaviours recorded by a weighing scale and video camera was investigated and a strong positive correlation was found between these methods. Furthermore, the linear regression tests which were performed which were performed resulted in the following coefficients of determination R-2 = 0.965 for meal size, 0.938 for meal duration, 0.896 for the number of meals per day and 0.888 for feeding rate. Additionally, the estimated accuracy of the method showed that, 90% of meal size, 95% of meal duration, 94% of the number of meals per day and 89% of feeding rate were correctly monitored using sound analysis. The results suggest that this automated continuous measurement system has the potential to be used as a tool to monitor the short-term feeding behaviours of broiler chickens at group level. The most important advantage of this system is that the measurements can be made continuously throughout the life span of a flock, in a fully automated, completely non-invasive and non-intrusive way. It is proposed to test this system in commercial conditions due to its low costs and in order to evaluate its applicability under these conditions. Future researches should be focused on sound technology to assess the health and welfare of broilers by automatically and continuously monitoring the feeding behaviours. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Using 3D vision camera system to automatically assess the level of inactivity in broiler chickens
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Aydın, Arda
In this study, a new and non-invasive method was developed to automatically assess the lameness of broilers. For this aim, images of broiler chickens were recorded by a 3D vision camera, which has a depth sensor as they walked along a test corridor. Afterwards, the image-processing algorithm was applied to detect the number of lying events (NOL) based on the information of the distance between animal and the depth sensor of 3D camera. In addition to that, latency to lie down (LTL) of broilers was detected by 3D camera. Later on, the data obtained by proposed system were compared with visually assessed manual labelling data (reference method) and the relation between these measures and lameness was investigated. 93% of NOL were correctly classified by the proposed 3D vision camera system when compared to manual labelling using a data set collected from 250 broiler chickens. Furthermore, the results showed a significant correlation between NOL and gait score (R-2 = 0.934) and a significant negative correlation between LTL and gait score level of broiler chickens (R-2 = -0.949). Because of the strong correlations were found between NOL, LTL and gait score level of broilers on the one hand and between the results obtained by 3D system and manual labelling on the other hand, the results indicate that this 3D vision monitoring method can be used as a tool for assessing lameness of broiler chickens. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Development of an early detection system for lameness of broilers using computer vision
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Aydın, Arda
Lameness is one of the most important causes of poor welfare in poultry. Previous studies have documented approximately 30% of the chickens were seriously lame. In this research, a novel technique was developed for early detection of lameness in broilers. For this purpose, broiler chickens with five different predefined gait scores were continuously monitored by a digital camera as they walked throughout a test corridor. Then, image analysis algorithm was applied to detect some feature variables (speed, step frequency, step length and the lateral body oscillation) of broilers. Afterwards, a correlation test was performed to define the coefficient of correlation between the feature variables (step frequency, step length, speed and LBO) obtained by the proposed algorithm and the gait score levels of the birds, which respectively resulted in r = 0.831, 0.882 (p < 0.05), 0.844, 0.861. Furthermore, each feature variable was investigated to find statistical differences between gait scores (as a measure of lameness) of broilers. It was performed to assess the effects of gait score on speed, step length, step frequency and lateral body oscillations of the broilers. The results showed that all investigated feature variables were efficacious to detect lameness in broilers starting from GS3. Since correlations were found between the feature variables (step frequency, step length, speed and LBO) obtained by the proposed algorithm and the gait score levels of the birds on the one hand and the statistical differences between gait score levels of broilers on the other hand; the results recommend that this fully-automated detection system has potential to be used as a real-time monitoring tool for early detection of lameness in broilers starting from GS3. However, to define lower gait scores than GS3, either new feature variables like foot curls and wing use should be inserted into the proposed system or this system should be combined with other automatic behaviour analysis tools for early detection of lameness in future research. It is very important to detect lameness at an early stage because it allows farmers and veterinarians to take immediate management actions in time. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Automatic classification of measures of lying to assess the lameness of broilers
(Univ Federation Animal Welfare, 2015) Aydın, Arda; Bahr, C.; Berckmans, D.
Leg disorders are a major cause of poor welfare in broilers. Previous studies have shown that at slaughter age at least 90% of chickens experienced some degree of gait problems and approximately 30% were seriously lame. In this study, a new and non-invasive technique was developed to automatically assess the lameness of the birds. For this purpose, video surveillance images of broilers with five different pre-defined gait scores were recorded as they walked along a test corridor. Afterwards, the image-processing algorithm was applied to detect the number of lying events (NOL) and latency to lie down (LTL) of broiler chickens. Then, the results of the algorithm were compared with visually assessed manual labelling data (reference method) and the relation between these measures and lameness was investigated. Eighty-three percent of NOL were correctly classified by the automatic monitoring system when compared to manual labelling using a data set collected from 250 broiler chickens. The results also showed a positive significant correlation between NOL and gait score and a significant negative correlation between LTL and gait-score level of broilers. Since strong correlations were found, on the one hand, between two measures and gait-score level of broiler chickens and, on the other, between the results of algorithm and manual labelling, the results suggest this automatic monitoring system may have the potential to be used as a tool for assessing lameness of broiler chickens.
Arazi Toplulaştırmanın Tarıma ve Tarımsal Mekanizasyona Katkısı; Çanakkale-Biga-Dereköy Örneği
(Univ Namik Kemal, 2022) Irmaklı, Pınar Gürgenç; Aydın, Arda
In order to meet the food demand of the increasing population, it is necessary to use the soil and water resources more economically and effectively, and to increase the productivity and income obtained from the unit area. Land fragmentation is one of the most important problems that prevent the effective and sustainable use of existing agricultural lands in our country. Land fragmentation creates a negative impact on the country's economy by making the application of modern agricultural techniques difficult. At this point, land consolidation projects have been put into action in order to use the existing agricultural lands more effectively and to benefit from mechanization at a high level. With land consolidation studies, it is aimed to bring small, shapeless, fragmented and scattered parcels into a whole. It is aimed to ensure the integrity and production continuity of the parcels that are fragmented through inheritance. With land consolidation, each parcel brought into rectangular and square shapes, which is more suitable for agricultural mechanization, has a road border, thus saving fuel, labour and time, which are the most important inputs that may occur during production activities. In this study, the data of the land consolidation study completed in the Derekoy neighbourhood of the Biga district of canakkale province were evaluated and the old and new situations were examined. With the consolidation project completed on an area of 341 ha in Derekoy district, the number of 1088 parcels have been reduced to 507 parcels, and the consolidation rate is 52.40%. While the average parcel area was 3.13 decares in the old situation, it increased to 6.58 decares with the completion of the consolidation project, resulting in an 82% increase in parcel size. With the decrease in the number of parcels and the increase in the parcel size, there has been a great decrease in agricultural mechanization and production inputs. In the study, a randomly selected farmer had 8 parcels in the old situation and made a 25 km road to the village centre from his 34 decares of land. With the completion of the consolidation project, 8 parcels were reduced to 2 parcels and the distance of these two parcels to the village centre decreased to 5.5 km. The path of the farmer was shortened by 78%, and the 78% decrease in the most important input such as diesel made a very important contribution. With the shortening of the road, a high reduction was achieved in all inputs spent by the tractor for production, including depreciation expenses. With the completion of the project, the continuity of production has been ensured as each parcel has a road and a connection to the irrigation canal. It is evaluated that the project, which will relieve the living conditions of the people living in rural areas, contributes to the prevention of the transition from the village to the city.
Walking behaviour and spatial use of broiler chickens
(Scipress Ltd, 2016) Aydın, Arda
Modern broiler chickens are genetically selected for reaching higher weights in shorter life spans. In addition to this, they are raised in crowded housing conditions with less opportunity for movement. Understanding movement patterns, migration and use of space is essential in determining welfare of the birds in commercial farms. In this study, migration behaviour of broiler chickens in semi-commercial farms of 1800 chickens was studied. Observations were repeated in six growth periods each on 12 chickens once a day during their growth period of 42 days. It was seen that the activity of broilers was not decreasing during the growth period. Travelled distances of the chickens in total were not reduced in the last 3 weeks of their growth period (p > 0.05 in 89% of the observed birds, Mann-Whitney U test). Chickens preferred to be in the zones next to the wall farthest to the entrance of the house. The observed birds did not restrict themselves only around the feeders and the drinkers but used the whole surface area available during the whole growth period. The results of the study seem to be encouraging in achieving welfare of broiler chickens even in commercialised houses with high stocking density. Reported mobility of chickens is important for their survival and has therefore considerable impact on efficient production on farms.
A real-time monitoring tool to automatically measure the feed intakes of multiple broiler chickens by sound analysis
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Aydın, Arda; Bahr, C.; Berckmans, D.
This paper extends existing research on the feed intake of broiler chickens and describes an advanced monitoring system to accurately measure the feed intake of broilers at group level by a real-time sound processing technology. In this research, the pecking sounds of 10 male, 39-day-old, broiler chickens were recorded by a microphone that was attached around the feeder. At the same time, the appearance of chickens around feeder was recorded by a camera that was positioned on the top of the feeding pen. Simultaneously, a weighing system was used to automatically record feed uptake of broilers as a reference method. An existing algorithm was further developed to detect the pecking sounds of 10 broiler chickens while the birds were all eating together. The feed intake of broiler chickens was obtained by pecking sound analysis. The results of the algorithm were compared to the reference of the feed uptake values recorded by the weighing system. The relationship between feed intake obtained from the algorithm and feed intake recorded by a weighing scale was investigated and a strong relation was found between these two variables. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient test (PPMCC) was performed to define the correlation between these two variables which resulted in R-2 = 0.994. In addition to this high relationship, 86% of feed intake was correctly monitored using sound analysis. Although the accuracy of the proposed system remained at 86%, the correlation between the feed intake obtained from the algorithm and feed intake recorded by a weighing scale was very high (R-2 = 0.994), the results suggest that this continuous pecking sound detection system has the potential to be used as a tool to assess the feed intake and feeding behaviour of multiple chickens around a feeder. The advantage of this system is that measurements can be made continuously throughout the life span of a flock, in a fully automated, completely non-invasive way. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Farklı Ürün Rotasyonlarında Uzun Dönem Uygulanan Azaltılmış Toprak İşleme ve Yeşil Gübrelemenin Ayçiçeği Gelişimi ve Yabancı Otlanmaya Etkileri
(2017) Çay, Anıl; Özpınar, Sakine; Aydın, Arda
Bu çalışma 2001 yılından buyana çakılı olarak devam eden kışlık buğday (Triticum aestivum L.)-kışlık fiğ (Vicia sativa L.) ekim nöbeti kapsamında geleneksel ve azaltılmış (korumalı) toprak işleme sistemlerinin uygulandığı parsellerde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma, 2013 yılının güz döneminde kışlık fiğ ekim ile başlamış ve ilkbaharda ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) ekimi ile iki üretim periyodu süresince devam etmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında uygulanan toprak işleme sistemleri; kulaklı pulluk + diskli tırmık (PTİ-Geleneksel) ve buna alternatif olarak çizel + diskli tırmık (ÇTİ-Azaltılmış) ile rototiller (RTİ-Azaltılmış) olup, bu sistemlerin ayçiçeği bitkisinin gelişim ve verim parametreleri ile yabancı ot varlığı üzerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Bitki çıkışı bakımından RTİ ve PTİ sistemleri genellikle birbirine yakın sonuçlar verse de çalışmanın yürütüldüğü 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında RTİ sistemindeki bitki çıkış oranları sayısal olarak diğer iki toprak işleme sisteminden yüksek çıkmıştır. RTİ ve PTİ tabla çapı ve 1000-tohum ağırlığı bakımından benzerlik göstermiş, aynı parametreler ÇTİ'de önemli düzeyde düşük bulunmuştur. ÇTİ sap, yaprak ve tablanın toplamından oluşan biokütle verimi açısından da RTİ ve PTİ'ye göre daha düşük değerler sağlamıştır. RTİ ve ÇTİ' de 7 farklı baskın yabancı ot çeşidi tespit edilirken, PTİ' de ise sadece 4 adet saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak RTİ sisteminin bitkisel özellikleri geliştirmesi ve tohum verimini artırması dikkate alındığında; kışlık baklagillerden sonra yazlık olarak üretimi yapılacak ayçiçeği ve benzer ürünler için uygun yabancı ot mücadele sistemleri ile birlikte ele alındığında bölge için önerilebilir bir uygulama olduğu ve PTİ sisteminin yerini alabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.
Bazı Fizyolojik ve Morfolojik Faktörler ile Etlik Piliçlerin Bacak Aksaklıkları Arasındaki İlişki
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2016) Aydın, Arda
Bacak aksaklığı (topallık) için en önemli nedenlerin ağırlık ve büyüme oranları olduğu söylense de etlik piliçlerin yürüyüş sorunlarının nedenleri çok çeşitlidir. Bu problemin ortaya çıkmasında rol oynayan başlıca faktörler; bulaşıcı hastalıklar, genetik, cinsiyet, ağırlık, büyüme hızı, yaş, yemden faydalanma oranı, beslenme, yönetim ve hareketsizliktir. Bu çalışmada, topallık için bir ölçüm yöntemi olarak kullanılan yürüme skorunun, aşağıdaki fizyolojik ve morfolojik değişkenlerle olan ilişkisi detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Bu parametreler arasında, ağırlık, kan içindeki stres hormonu (kortikosteron) ve femur başı nekrozu ile piliçlerin topallıkları arasında önemli bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Vücut ağırlığı ile yürüme skoru arasında doğrusal olmayan fakat istatistiksel bakımdan önemli olan bir ilişki belirlenmiştir (p<0.001). Bunun yanında erkek piliçlerin dişilere gore istatistiksel olarak daha ağır olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.001). Farklı cinsiyetler arasında yürüyüş skorları bakımından istatistiksel bir fark olmadığı görülmüştür (p>0.05 ). Kan plazmasında bulunan kortikosteron konsantrasyonunun yüksek yürüme skoruna sahip diğer bir deyişle yürüme güçlüğü çeken hayvanlarda istatistiksel bakımdan daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Görsel değişkenlerin hiçbiri (metatarsus yanığı, ayak tabanı dermatitisi ve göğüs eti kirliliği) ile yürüme skoru arasında istatistiksel bir ilişki olmadığı saptanmıştır (p>0.05). Bununla beraber, femur başı nekrozu ile topallık arasında istatistiksel bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.001). Öte yandan tibialdiskondroplazive topallık arasındaki ilişkinin istatistiksel olarak bir öneme sahip olmadığı tespit edilmiştir (p>0.05). Sonuçlardan da anlaşılacağı üzere, bazı fizyolojik ve morfolojik faktörlerin etlik piliçlerde topallığın bir nedeni mi yoksa sonucumu olduğu konusunda kesin bir yargıya ulaşmak oldukça zordur. Çünkü bu neden ve sonuçlar özellikle altlık kalitesini de içeren birçok yönetim ve bakım uygulamasından etkilenebilmektedir. Bu nedenle sadece tek bir hastalığın veya faktörün değil, birçok hastalık ve faktörlerin birleşiminin etlik piliçlerde topallığın oluşumu ve yayılmasına neden olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Fully automated monitoring tool to detect feed uptake of multiple broiler chickens by sound analysis
(European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming, 2015) Aydın, Arda; Viazzi, S.; Bahr, C.; Berckmans, D.
This paper extends existing research on feed intake of broiler chickens and describes an advanced monitoring system to accurately measure the feed intake of broiler chickens at group level using a real-time sound processing technology. By contrast to previous work which monitored the sounds made by a single chick, the pecking sounds of 10 male, 39-day old broiler chickens were recorded in this study. At the same time, the appearance of the chickens around the feeding pan was recorded by a 3D camera that was positioned in top view above the feeding pen. Simultaneously, a weighing system was used to automatically record feed uptake of broilers as a reference method. The feed uptake of broiler chickens was calculated by analysing the pecking sounds. The relationship between feed uptake obtained by the sound algorithm and feed uptake recorded by the weighing scale was investigated. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation test (PPMCC) was performed to define the correlation between these two variables and resulted in R2 = 0.997. In addition to this high correlation, 86% of the feed intake was correctly classified using sound analysis.
The effect of infrared radiation on gluten aggregation and pasting properties of wheat flours with different protein content
(Academic Press, 2021) Korkmaz, Fatma; Tunçel, Necati Barış; Kocabıyık, Habib
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a designed infrared (IR) assisted ribbon mixer system for thermal modification of wheat flours that had different protein content and intended use (bread, cake, and biscuit wheat flours). Additionally, the effect of IR treatment, which was conducted using five different IR power levels for either short or medium wave IR emitters, on gluten content and quality, gluten aggregation and rheological properties of flours were determined. IR treatment resulted in minor crude protein loss (1–2%) in flours. Moreover, the effect of IR treatment on wet gluten and gluten index values was insignificant for bread and cake wheat flours, while it was significant for biscuit wheat flour. Torque maximum values were not significantly affected from IR treatment regardless of the flour type while the treatment caused a significant decrease in peak maximum time values up to 33%. Besides, the effect of IR treatment on maximum viscosity and breakdown viscosity values was insignificant for all flour types (p > 0.05). It was concluded that IR treatment may cause minor changes in gluten functionality and pasting properties of the flours depending on the type of flour and process conditions.
Soil Properties in Sloping and Flat Olive Orchards in Rainfed Mediterranean Conditions
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Özpınar, Sakine
Olives have traditionally been grown for years in northwest Turkey on sloping areas where the use of mechanization is difficult. However, in recent years, it has been encouraged to spread olives in flat areas that are more suitable for mechanization. This study was conducted to determine the soil properties of two traditional olive orchards with no-tillage on the sloping and tillage on the flat for two years. The results showed that the bulk density and penetration resistance of flat orchard at 30–40 cm were 1.70 g cm−3 and 2.10 MPa, and the corresponding values for sloping were 1.24 and 1.56, while the values were lower between 0 and 20 cm soil depths of both orchards. Oxygen diffusion rate remained at threshold level in all soil depths in two orchards, but it was found higher with 110.25 µg m−2 s−1 in sloping compared to 85.50 µg m−2 s−1 in flat. All nutrients were found to be generally insufficient in both orchards. Over the average of two years, N remained below the threshold level for flat and sloping with 1198.15 and 1004.50 mg kg−1, respectively, while the corresponding values of 11.56 and 10.86 mg kg−1 for P were found to be within normal ranges. Overall, at the regional scale where olives represent a very high proportion of agricultural land, the use of no-tillage practices seems promising, which means the sustainability of the olive.
Analysis of Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emission in Rainfed Canola Production (Case study: Canakkale Province, Turkey)
(Namik Kemal University, 2023) Özpınar, Sakine
Agriculture and energy are two closely related issues, agriculture not only consumes energy, but it also supplies energy. While increasing energy use in agriculture causes environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions, it also leads to the depletion of non-renewable energy resources. On the other hand, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancement the efficiency of energy use is among the important issues of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, this study was done to determine the energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions in rainfed canola production. Data were collected by conducting face-to-face interviews in the period of 2021-2022 in 42-farm in Çanakkale province, located in the northwest of Turkey. Results introduced that the energy use efficiency and net energy gain were 3.63 and 72786.16 MJ ha-1, respectively. In energy consumption, the highest rate of 46.62% belongs to fuel, and then nitrogen with 40.44%. The consumption of total energy is obtained as direct (46.46%), indirect (53.54%), renewable (1.07%) and non-renewable (98.93%). It has been determined that the energy requirements of the farms belong to non-renewable energy with an amount of 27384.03 MJ ha-1, and this is especially prominent in diesel fuel and nitrogen fertilizer. The results show that the agricultural production in the area where the study is carried out mostly depends on non-renewable energy sources, whereas the use of renewable energy is very low. Total greenhouse gas emissions per hectare were equivalent to 1921.66 kg CO2, and the highest amount was determined to belong to machinery and diesel fuel, with 53.20% and 32.66%, respectively. According to the results obtained in the farms where the study was carried out, it was revealed that the economic use and sustainability of energy can be strongly recommended in rainfed canola production using mechanization, especially considering the non-renewable energy inputs.
Determination of Coefficients and Biomass Potential for Pruning Residuals in Some Olive Varieties
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2021) Çiçek, Gıyasettin; Sümer, Sarp Korkut; Egesel, Cem Ömer; Say, Sait Muharrem; Aydın, Arda
As a result of pruning operations in olive orchards, large amounts of biomass material are produced every year. In this study, it was aimed to determine the pruning residual coefficients in olive varieties grown in Southern Marmara Region of Turkey. Amount of pruning residuals and its energy potential due to olive cultivation of the region was determined.. The coefficients were compared with the values obtained from different countries. Possible uses of the residual biomass were also investigated. The study material consisted of young (0-25 years), full-yield (25-50 years) and old (over 50 years) trees of Ayvalık, Gemlik and Domat, widely grown olive varieties in the Southern Marmara Region. The experiment used a randomized plot design sampling 5 trees for each age and variety. The average coefficients of determination for pruning residues were calculated as 33.62 kg tree1year-1 and 5668.63 kg ha-1year-1. Energy potential from pruning residues were determined to be 5.16 PJ for Southern Marmara Development Region.
Noise Exposure Levels in Black Tea Processing Factories and Its Effects on Employees
(Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty, 2021) Çiçek, Gıyasettin; Sümer, Sarp Korkut
The aim of this study was to determine the daily noise exposure levels in black tea processing factories and to evaluate its effects on employees' occupational health and safety. In the study, the sound pressure level dBA values were measured at the ear levels of the employees in each production unit in three tea factories operating in Artvin Province. These factories where the measurements were made consist of withering, curling, oxidation, drying (boiler and stove) and classification units. These units include various systems and mechanisms formed by conveyors, fans, steam heaters, boilers, reducers, pallets, hoods, screens, gears, and drums. In the measurements performed considering the ISO 9612:2009 (Acoustics Determination of Occupational Noise Exposure Engineering Method) standard, a sound pressure level meter in Type-2 class complying with the requirements of the IEC 61672-1: 2002 was used. A weighted equivalent sound pressure levels were determined using the measured values. Considering these values and working times, personal daily noise exposure levels were calculated. It was determined that the equivalent sound pressure levels and daily personal noise exposure levels at the employee ear level were in the range of 77-87 dBA and 74-83 dBA, respectively. Curling units have the highest equivalent sound pressure level (86.81 dBA) and daily personal noise exposure level value (83.10 dBA) compared to other units, while boilers have the lowest equivalent sound pressure level (76.75 dBA) and daily personal noise exposure level value (73.55 dBA). Considering the regulation on protection of employees from noise related risks, it was concluded that the daily noise exposure level reached the lower exposure action value (80 dBA) in these factories. The study showed that the health and work efficiency of the employees could be adversely affected by noise in tea factories, considering various research results and Regulations on noise.
Çanakkale Bölgesi Elma (Malus domestica L.) Çeşitlerinde Budama Artık Katsayısının ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2021-06-30) Çiçek, Gıyasettin; Gür, Burak
Türkiye’de elma budama artıklarının enerji potansiyelinin hesaplanmasında kullanılabilecek budama katsayısının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan bu araştırmada, Çanakkale ilinde 3 farklı elma çeşidi ve her çeşit için 2 farklı yaş grubunda, toplam 30 elma ağacında budama çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Starking, Golden Delicious ve Granny Smith elma çeşitlerinden elde edilen veriler ile budama artık miktarı ve budama katsayısı belirlenmiştir. Yürütülen budama faaliyetleri sonucunda elde edilen budama artık miktarının ağaç başına ortalama 0-10 yaş arası çeşitlerde 1,57 kg, 10-20 yaş arası çeşitlerde ise 3,42 kg olduğu belirlenmiştir. En fazla budama artığı sırasıyla Granny Smith, Golden Delicious ve Starking elma çeşitlerinde elde edilmiştir. Türkiye’de elma budama artıklarına ait enerji potansiyelinin belirlenmesi için yürütülen bu çalışmadan elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda budama artık katsayısının 2,5 kg.ağaç-1, kullanılabilir budama artık miktarının 99 252 ton.yıl-1, Türkiye enerji potansiyelinin 2 269 TJ.yıl-1, Çanakkale enerji potansiyelinin ise 32,35 TJ.yıl-1 olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Etlik Piliç Refahının Tespitinde Yeni Nesil Teknolojik Sistemlerin Önemi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020-12-31) Aydın, Arda
Bu çalışmanın ana amacı, yeni nesil teknolojilerin ve yöntemlerin etlik piliçlerin refah seviyelerini belirlemek için nasıl kullanıldığını belirlemektir. İnceleme için sorulan ilk soru, "Hangi teknolojiler refahla ilgilidir?” İkinci soru ise, bu teknolojik sistemler ile etlik piliçlerin refah düzeyi belirlenebilir mi?" Etlik piliçlerin değerlendirilmesi için kullanılan Refah Kalitesi® protokolü, kullanılan teknolojik sistemlerin analiz edilmesi için bir çerçeve olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, Web of Science ve Scopus veri tabanlarından elde edilen hakemli makaleler kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilere göre, refah kalitesi protokolü içinde yer alan “İyi sağlık” ilkesi, yeni nesil teknolojilerin kullanıldığı çalışmalarda ele alınan ana kriterken, en az gözlemlenen ilke “iyi beslenme” ilkesi olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada aynı zamanda teknolojik sistemlerin kullanımlarına göre (konum, üretim sistemi ve ölçülen değişkenler) değerlendirilmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, yeni nesil teknolojilerin ana odak noktasının etlik piliç tesisleri ile ilgili sorunlar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte piliçlerin serbest dolaştığı sistemlere, mezbahalara ve taşıma sorunlarına daha az dikkat edildiği görülmektedir. Yeni nesil teknolojilerin kullanımı ile elde edilen değerli çıktılar göz önüne alındığında, bu teknolojilerin etlik piliç üretiminde kullanımı, çiftçi adaptasyonunu da dikkate alarak teşvik edilmeye devam edilmelidir.
Kırklareli İli Büyükbaş Hayvan Çiftliklerinde Aydınlatma Koşullarının Değerlendirilmesi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020-12-31) Demir, Cihan; Aydın, Arda; Kocabey, Süreyya; Tuna, Murat
Hayvan çiftliklerindeki aydınlatmanın düşük olması durumunda süt veriminin etkilendiği ve yüksek olduğunda ise çiftliğin enerji tüketimi konusunda zarara yol açtığı bilinmektedir. Bunun yanında yetersiz aydınlatmanın hayvanların sağlık ve refah düzeyini de etkilediği bilinmektedir. Bu gerekçelerden dolayı, bu çalışmada, süt hayvancılığı yapılan çiftliklerde kullanılan aydınlatma sistemlerinin ölçümü ve sonuçların uluslararası standartlar ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Kırklareli ili sınırları içerisinde bulunan iki adet modern süt çiftliğinin farklı alanlarından ölçümler alınmıştır. A çiftliğinin sağımhane çukurunda gerçekleştirilen ölçümlerde, ASAE standartlarına göre 500 lüx olması gereken aydınlık şiddeti 152 lüx olarak tespit edilmiştir. B çiftliğinde ise bu değer 124 lüx olarak ölçülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, mevcut sistemlerle yapılan aydınlatmanın standartlara göre yetersiz kaldığı, tespit edilmiştir. Doğru aydınlık seviyelerinin verimli aydınlatma cihazlarıyla elde edilmesinin enerji verimliliği üzerine olası etkileri konusunda çiftçilere tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur. Eksiklikler ve yanlış uygulamalar belirlenerek yapılması gereken çözüm önerileri ortaya konulmuştur.
Şeftali Ağacı Taç Çapı, Yüksekliği ve Budama Süresi ile Budama Artık Miktarı Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020-06-29) Çiçek, Gıyasettin; Sümer, Sarp Korkut
Bu çalışmada, şeftali ağaçlarında budama öncesi ağaç taç çapı ve yüksekliği ölçüldükten sonra periyodik olarak gerçekleştirilen budama faaliyetleri sonucu oluşan artıkların kütle miktarları belirlenerek ortaya çıkacak artık miktarını tahmin etmeye yönelik denklemler geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır Bu amaçla Çanakkale ilinde yetiştirilen 5-10 yaş aralığında 3 farklı şeftali çeşidi için yürütülen çalışmada, budama öncesi ve budama sonrası ağaç taç çapı ve yükseklikleri ile budama süresi ve budama miktarları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen basit regresyon denklemleri ile budama öncesi taç çapı ve yüksekliğin ölçülmesi ile budama sonrası taç çapı ve yüksekliğin yüksek oranda bir doğrulukla tahmin edilebileceği, budama öncesinde ağaçların taç çapının, yüksekliğinin ve budama süresinin ölçülmesi ile budama sonucunda elde edilen budama miktarının tahmin edilemeyeceği belirlenmiştir.

Güncel Gönderiler