Yazar "Yurtman, Ismail Yaman" seçeneğine göre listele

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    A study on usable plants for annual winter pastures for goats
    (WFL Publisher Ltd., 2013) Tölü, Cemil; Işil Akba?, Hande; Yurtman, Ismail Yaman; Baytekin, Harun; Savaş, Türker
    Suitable plant species for annual winter pasture formation for dairy goats were investigated in the basis of genotype and animal behaviours. Two experiments were carried out with a total number of forty-five lactating goats from three breeds (G: Gökçeada; M: Maltese and TS: Turkish Saanen). In Experiment I, nine grazing plots containing triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack), oat (Avena sativa), common vetch (Vicia sativa) and Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica) as a sub-plot were formed, and five goats from each breed were grazed for three days on their grazing plots. Treatment was repeated three times with different goats. Behaviour of goats was recorded every day through direct observation for four hours. Biting rate of goat breed on the same plant species was examined in Experiment II. Grazing frequencies were determined as 55.2, 63.8 and 70.7% for the breeds of G, M and TS goats, respectively (P ? 0.01). Grasses, and triticale in particular, were preferred to legumes (P ? 0.01), and Hungarian vetch had the lowest grazing frequency. Biting rate varied among plant species (P ? 0.01), and observed values on triticale and Hungarian vetch were significantly lower than those of the other plant species (P ? 0.05). It was concluded that triticale has an important potential as a plant for annual winter pasture for dairy goats in Mediterranean climatic zone.
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    Effect of weaning on behavior and serum parameters in dairy goat kids
    (Wiley, 2008) Atasoglu, Cengiz; Yurtman, Ismail Yaman; Savas, Tuerker; Gultepe, Mustafa; Ozcan, Omer
    This study aimed at investigating the effects of weaning kids abruptly at an average of 55 13 days of age on intake, behavioral and serum parameters and, lasted for a total of six weeks; two weeks pre-weaning and four weeks post-weaning. Sixteen single kids with equal gender were used. Kids were only allowed to stay with their mothers for suckling (45 min/period) both in the morning and in the evening period during pre-weaning. Grower concentrate and hay were offered ad libitum. The duration of the study was divided into three periods for the sampling of behavioral and serum parameters; (i) pre-weaning period lasting for two weeks (P-BW) (ii) early post-weaning period lasting for one week (P-AW1) and (iii) late post-weaning period lasting for three weeks (P-AW2). Daily weight gain of kids gradually decreased as the observation period progressed (P = 0.001). However concentrate, feed intake increased from 0.154 kg/day in P-BW to 0.479 kg/day in P-AW1 and 0.499 kg/day in P-AW2, Water intake, rumination and standing behaviors decreased in P-AW2 (P < 0.001), whereas activity towards concentrate feed (CF) (P < 0.001) and roughage (P = 0.012) increased as compared to P-BW and P-AW1. Abnormal oral activity was not affected by the periods (P = 0.906). CF was significantly higher in females (P = 0.003), whereas males displayed higher lying behavior (P = 0.007). Glucose, total protein, Urea, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.001) and ALP activity (P = 0.003) were significantly affected by the periods. The results of the present study suggest that behavioral and serum parameters across the periods describe changes in the nutritional conditions as a result of the transition from milk to solid feed in association with weaning.
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    Effects of kefir on coccidial oocysts excretion and performance of dairy goat kids following weaning
    (Springer, 2012) Das, Gurbuz; Atasoglu, Cengiz; Akbag, Hande Isil; Tölü, Cemil; Yurtman, Ismail Yaman; Savaş, Türker
    The aim of this study was to investigate effects of kefir, a traditional source of probiotic, on coccidial oocysts excretion and on the performance of dairy goat kids following weaning. Twin kids were randomly allocated to one of two groups at weaning. Kids of the first group received 20 ml of kefir daily for 6 weeks (KEF), while kids in the control group were given a placebo (CON). Individual faecal samples were regularly ( = 18 per kid) taken to quantify the number of coccidial oocysts per gram of faeces (OpG). There were no differences between the groups in terms of body weight development ( > 0.05) and feed consumption. Kids of both groups were not able to consume enough feed to meet their nutrient requirements during the first 3 weeks following weaning. KEF had a lower frequency of OpG positive samples than CON ( = 0.043). Kefir did not affect the maximum oocyst excretion and age of the kids at the highest oocyst excretion ( > 0.05). KEF shed numerically 35% lower coccidial oocysts than the controls, which corresponded to a statistical tendency ( = 0.074) in lowering Log-OpG in comparison to CON. While KEF had a lower frequency of OpG positive samples and tended to shed lower OPG by around one-third, the frequency of diarrhea, level of highest oocyst excretion, and performance of the kids remained unaffected. Therefore, it is concluded that overall effects of kefir do not have a significant impact on sub-clinical infection and performance in weaned kids under relatively high-hygienic farming conditions.
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    Effects of melatonin implants on reproductive performance of dairy sheep and dairy goats
    (Wiley, 2022) Tölü, Cemil; Yazgan, Nazif; Akbag, Hande Isil; Yurtman, Ismail Yaman; Savaş, Türker
    Contents This study investigated the effects of melatonin implants in the female and male animals before the breeding season on the reproductive performance of Tahirova sheep and Turkish Saanen goats. Seventy-five sheep and 53 goats (including 6 rams and 4 bucks) were used in the research. Melatonin implants (18 mg) were applied to half of the female and male animals, one to female animals and three to male animals. The rate of oestrus was determined as 100% in the melatonin (M) and control (C) groups. The non-return rate, conception rate and lambing rate were close in both groups of ewes and rams groups (p > .05). The rate of oestrus was 100% in the melatonin and control groups of does and bucks groups in Turkish Saanen goats. The non-return rate in does was 75.0 +/- 9.02% in M group and 92.0 +/- 5.53% in C group (p = .0101), the non-return rate was 83.3 +/- 6.92% in group M and 84.2 +/- 8.59% in group C for bucks (p = .5570). For ewes, the duration from ram introduction to first oestrus, conception and lambing was significantly lower in group M than in group C (p <= .05). Litter size of M in ewe and ram groups were 1.70 +/- 0.08 and 1.59 +/- 0.09, respectively, whereas it was 1.62 +/- 0.10 and 1.74 +/- 0.10 in C group, respectively. Birth weight significantly differed between ewe groups (p = .0017). For goats, the duration from buck introduction to first oestrus, conception and lambing was similar in the groups of does and bucks (p > .05). Litter size of M in doe and buck groups were 1.57 +/- 0.11 and 1.53 +/- 0.12, respectively, and 1.46 +/- 0.11and 1.50 +/- 0.09 in C group, respectively (p > .05). While the live weight and body condition score (BCS) of ewes were significantly affected by melatonin implants (p <= .05), the live weight and BCS of does were not affected. In conclusion, it might be said that melatonin implants obtained better results for reproduction in Tahirova sheep than Turkish Saanen goats.
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    Effects of restricted nutrition and flushing on reproductive performance and metabolic profiles in sheep
    (Elsevier, 2022) Yildirir, Mesut; Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Yurtman, Ismail Yaman
    The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary restriction during the lactation period on flushing performance and metabolic profiles in sheep. The treatments were performed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with (i) adequate and restricted feeding treatment during lactation and (ii) flushing and control feeding treatment during mating season. Eighty-four Karacabey Merino ewes were divided into two groups for adequate energy (100%) and restricted (70%) at energy requirements for three months of lactation. Each group was also divided into two sub-groups based on flushing diet (AL-F, RL-F; 150%) or control diet (AL-C, RL-C; 100%) during the mating season. Live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), serum metabolites and hormone concentrations, ovulation rate, estrus performance and lambing performance of ewes were observed. Data from this study showed that average difference (P < 0.001) of LW and BCS between groups were 5.45 kg and 0.54 respectively at the end of lactation. No significant effects of nutritional treatments (P > 0.05) were observed; the average fecundity, litter size and ovulation rates of ewes were 1.30 +/- 0.07, 1.44 +/- 0.06 and 1.53 +/- 0.07 respectively. The onset of estrus was earlier (P = 0.021) in RL-F ewes (7.0 d) than for AL-F, AL-C and RL-C ewes (11.0, 12.2 and 10.9 d respectively). Mean PRG concentration of ewes was lower (P = 0.011) in RL-C group than ewes in AL-C group (1.859 +/- 0.266 and 3.143 +/- 0.272 ng/ml respectively) at the ram introduction day. Serum biochemical variables blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose (GLUC), triglycerides (TGL) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-CHOL) concentrations-decreased (P < 0.05), while non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), cholesterol (CHOL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHOL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLCHOL) concentrations increased (P < 0.05) in the restricted ewes compared with adequate ewes in the different months. In conclusion, in addition to BCS, blood total protein, BUN, GLUC, NEFA and CHOL can be recommended for testing flock metabolic profiles as specific blood metabolites. Flushing did not cause significant differences in reproductive parameters including the ovulation rate. However, the time required for onset of estrus was found to be significantly shorter after the flushing treatment in restricted group of animals.
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    Effects of whole and steam-flaked corn supplementation on productive performance, serum parameters, and reproductive characteristics of dairy ewes
    (Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2024) Akbag, Hande Isil; Tölü, Cemil; Savaş, Türker; Konyali, Aynur; Coskun, Baver; Yurtman, Ismail Yaman
    This study aimed to determine the effects of whole and steam-flaked corn supplementation on the feed intake, serum parameters, and reproductive performance of dairy ewes. A total of 48 ewes (at the end of their lactation period; 57 +/- 1.3 kg body weight, BW; 2.69 +/- 0.19 body condition score, BCS) were divided into three treatment groups (16 animals per group): the control group (C), which was fed with alfalfa hay and corn silage; the whole-corn group (WC), which was fed with alfalfa hay, corn silage, and whole corn; and the steam-flaked corn group (FC), which was fed with alfalfa hay, corn silage, and steam-flaked corn. The study was conducted for 15 d before ram introduction and for 30 d during the mating in the breeding season. The WC group had higher dry matter (DM), metabolizable energy (ME), and starch intake values than the FC group (P<0.0001). The BW and BCS values were increased in the groups supplemented with whole corn and steam-flaked corn (P <= 0.05). The lambing rate was higher in ewes from the WC and FC groups (P <= 0.05). Whole and steam-flaked corn supplementation did not affect the non-return ratio or litter size (P>0.05). The serum glucose concentration was similar among the groups, whereas the serum urea concentration increased with either whole or steam-flaked corn supplementation (P <= 0.05). In conclusion, whole and steam-flaked corn supplementation increased the BW, BCS, and lambing rate values in dairy ewes.
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    Foraging strategies of goats in a pasture of wheat and shrubland
    (Csiro Publishing, 2012) Tölü, Cemil; Yurtman, Ismail Yaman; Baytekin, Harun; Atasoglu, Cengiz; Savaş, Türker
    Cereal pastures are a crucial source of forage to reduce grazing pressure on shrublands in the Mediterranean basin. This study aimed at investigating the grazing preferences and behaviours of goats with different genotypes, when a grazing area of shrubland (0.18 ha), which was composed of 88% shrubs, 10% herbaceous species and 2% footpath and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pasture (0.20 ha) were offered together. Twelve lactating mature (in 2007) and 15 nonlactating yearling goats (in 2008) of three genotypes (Gokceada, Maltese and Turkish Saanen) were used. The study was carried out for 45 days during the months of April and May. Animals stayed in the pasture for 8 h daily. No roughage or concentrate was offered. Grazing, lying, standing and ruminating behaviours were recorded at 10-min intervals, whereas bipedal stance and walking behaviours were continuously monitored by observers. Mature goats spent one-third and yearling goats spent half of their time in the shrubs. The frequency of preferences to pasture types differed among mature goat genotypes (P > 0.05), but not among the yearling goats (P > 0.05). Grazing of wheat pasture by Gokceada, of herbaceous plants in the shrubland by Maltese and of shrubs by Turkish Saanen goats were more prominent (P <= 0.05). In conclusion, goats gave priority to wheat pasture and grazing preferences and behaviours differed by genotypes. Turkish Saanen goats tended to show more bipedal stance behaviour than the other genotypes. However, there were high individual variations within genotype and age groups.
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    Production Potential of a Natural Pasture Compared to a Wheat Pasture, Both Grazed by Lactating Goats under Mediterranean Climate Conditions
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2008) Hakyemez, Basri Hakan; Gokkus, Ahmet; Yurtman, Ismail Yaman; Savas, Tuerker
    The aim of this study was to extend the grazing period using a wheat pasture that produced high quality forage, and to compare the productivity of natural and wheat pastures for grazing goats during a 3-year period (2003-2005) in a Mediterranean zone of Turkey. Twelve 3-4-year-old Saanen goats were allocated to each pasture (10 goats ha(-1)). Pastures were grazed for 2 months (May and June) in 2003 and for 3 months (April, May, and June) in 2004 and 2005. In the study, pasture yield and hay intake, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of the hay, and milk yield and milk fat percentage were determined. Pasture yield was significantly affected by pasture type (P < 0.001) for each year and the wheat pasture (5.34-6.51 t ha(-1)) yielded approximately 3.5-fold more hay than the natural pasture (1.48-1.88 t ha-1). Goats in the wheat pasture consumed significantly more forage in 2003 (P = 0.015), 2004 (P < 0.001), and 2005 (P < 0.001). Average hay intake in the wheat pasture ranged between 2.32 +/- 0.27 and 2.53 +/- 0.27 kg d(-1) in 2003, 1.42 +/- 0.26 and 3.35 +/- 0.26 kg d(-1) in 2004, and 2.69 +/- 0.25 and 3.33 +/- 0.25 kg d(-1) in 2005, whereas it ranged between 1.54 +/- 0.27 and 1.95 +/- 0.27 kg d(-1) in 2003, 0.79 +/- 0.26 and 1.79 +/- 0.26 kg d(-1) in 2004, and 0.81 +/- 0.25 and 1.60 +/- 0.25 kg d(-1) in 2005 in the natural pasture. Most of the interactions between pasture type and grazing month were statistically significant in terms of the CP, NDF, and ADF content of the pasture samples. In the first months CP content of the hay in the wheat pasture was higher than in the natural pasture, whereas this was reversed, especially in June. In addition, NDF and ADF content were not similar to CP content. In general, daily milk yield of the goats grazed on the wheat pasture was higher than that of those grazed on the natural pasture throughout the study. Milk yield was consistent with hay intake and milk fat percentage was inversely related to milk yield during the study. It was concluded that the wheat pasture had better potential for supplying nutrients to lactating dairy goats than did the natural pasture in spring.