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Öğe Change detection and visualization of acid mine lakes using time series satellite image data in geographic information systems (GIS): Can (Canakkale) County, NW Turkey(Springer, 2014) Yucel, Deniz Sanliyuksel; Yucel, Mehmet Ali; Baba, AlperCan, a county in the province of Canakkale, is one of the most prominent coal mining districts in Turkey. Many mining companies have been operating coal deposits for power generation and district heating in this region since 1980. Generally, small and medium-scale mining companies operate for short periods and abandon the operational land without providing any rehabilitation. Human intervention in the natural structure and topography of the earth surface causes large holes and deterioration in these areas. Artificial lakes occur because of surface discharge and underground leakage into abandoned open pit mines with high lignite sulfur content (0.21-14.36 wt %). Furthermore, these lakes gain acidic character due to acid generation from pyrite oxidation. Acid mine lakes are highly acidic (pH < 3.05) and have elevated concentrations of , Fe and some metals. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental conditions and demonstrate the development of a monitoring system for their possible changes in the acid mine lakes of the open cast lignite mining area on a regional scale. For this purpose, the data received from remote sensing satellites were used. Areal change detection and perimeter changes of nine acid mine lakes caused by coal mining companies in Can from 1977 to 2011, were determined using Landsat, Quickbird and Worldview satellite images. As a case study, an area of 9 km(2) was chosen for the variety of acid mine lakes. Using GIS software, satellite images were analyzed in time series, borders of acid mine lakes were digitized and converted into vector data format. At this stage, prior to the digitization, in order to create contrast on the satellite images, stretch type and stretch values were changed. The areal and perimeter changes were computed and presented via tables and graphics. In addition, thematic maps of the acid mine lakes were created and visualized. The results show that the number of acid mine lakes increased and these caused environmental risks due to their hydrochemical properties and areal increments.Öğe Characterization and comparison of mine wastes in Can Coal Basin, northwest Turkey: a case study(Springer, 2019) Yucel, Deniz SanliyukselThe Can Coal Basin is a major coal-producing site in northwest Turkey that has faced acid mine drainage problems since the 1980s. This study characterized and compared mine wastes from the Etili and Comakli open-pit coal mines in the Can Coal Basin physically, mineralogically, and geochemically for acid mine drainage potential and metal(loid) mobility. Mineralogical analysis determined pyrite to be the major sulfide mineral in the Etili and Comakli coal and mine wastes, while dolomite and calcite were abundant in the mine wastes from the Comakli site. Concentrations of Al, As, Mn, and Pb in these mine wastes are higher than in Turkish and world coals. The enrichment factor showed moderate enrichment of Pb and significant enrichment of As in the Etili and Comakli mine wastes, respectively. Static tests indicated acid generation potential in all Etili and some Comakli mine wastes. The modified synthetic precipitation leaching procedure revealed that greater concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and SO42- were released from pyrite-rich mine wastes. Physical, mineralogical, and geochemical factors affecting acid mine drainage were highly variable within and between sites. Increasing concern over significant environmental health effects of low-pH, metal(loid)-polluted mine wastes necessitates remediation of the mine sites.Öğe Correspondence to "Investigation the applicability of eggshell for the treatment of a contaminated mining site"(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Yucel, Deniz Sanliyuksel[No abstract available]Öğe Correspondence to Investigation the applicability of eggshell for the treatment of a contaminated mining site(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Yucel, Deniz Sanliyuksel[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Determining hydrochemical characteristics of mine lakes from abandoned coal mines and 3D modelling of them using unmanned aerial vehicle(Pamukkale Univ, 2017) Yucel, Deniz Sanliyuksel; Yucel, Mehmet AliThis study was undertaken with the aim of creating three dimensional (3D) models of mine lakes formed in abandoned coal mines of the Can coal basin using high resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images, determining hydrochemical characterization and investigating environmental effects. In May 2014 a DJI F550 model hexacopter was flown at heights varying from 30-100 m above lakes and surroundings and images were obtained with a 12 mega pixel camera. During the image processing stage the Agisoft program was used and orthophoto of the lakes with resolution from 1-6 cm and 3D terrain models were created. The total area of the lakes calculated from UAV images was 298751 up Additionally water samples were taken from lakes and downstream rivers simultaneous to UAV studies. According to water pollution control regulation in Turkey, the mine lakes were very severely polluted with low pH and high concentrations of metals such as Al, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn. The lakes were in the category of water not suitable for use under any circumstances. There is a very high possibility that if these lakes drain the water resources will be affected. As a result it is necessary to rehabilitate the mine lakes as soon as possible using the most appropriate method for the field.Öğe Determining water and sediment quality related to lead-zinc mining activity(Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Inst Environ Eng Pas, 2018) Yucel, Deniz Sanliyuksel; Baba, AlperThis study focuses on the Koru and Tesbihdere Pb-Zn mining districts. located at the upstream areas of the Umurbey dam basin. Mining activities in Koru, one of the longest operated mines in NW Turkey, date back to the beginning of the 1900s. The purpose of the study is to (1) determine the hydrochemical properties of the water resources and to assess the potential environmental consequences of mining activities in the Koru and Tesbihdere mining districts, and (2) investigate the effects caused by mining activities on the water resources and sediment quality in the Umurbey dam basin. Concentrations of As, Cd. Cu, Fe. Mn, Pb, and Zn in river sediments downstream of the Tesbihdere and Koru mining district, and in the Umurbey darn sediments were higher than the world average for river sediments. The geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor revealed that sediments were strongly polluted with Pb and Zn, moderately to strongly polluted with Cd and moderately polluted with Cu. The chemical analyses of water resources revealed that the maximum Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Cu concentrations reached 2890 mu g/l, 1785 mu g/l, 1180 mu g/l, 984 mu g/l. and 419 mu g/l, respectively. The Koru River is classified as polluted water according to Turkish inland water quality regulations. The environmental contamination problems in the local drainage system are caused by leakage from past and current tailing ponds into the Koru River.Öğe Effectiveness of Fly Ash in Boron Removal from Tuzla (Canakkale) Geothermal Fluid(Mehmet Sinan Bilgili, 2020) Sahin, Mehmet Oguzhan; Bektas, Tijen Ennil; Yucel, Deniz SanliyukselThe heat accumulated in the inner parts of the earth's crust is transmitted to the fluid in the geothermal aquifer by means of transportation. The heated fluid is transported to the surface either by wells or naturally. Geothermal fluid carried from underground to the surface is used for electricity generation, residential and greenhouse heating, thermal therapy and tourism purposes. The geothermal fluid, whose energy is used, turns into wastewater. In this study, the geothermal fluid in Tuzla geothermal field in Canakkale Province was examined due to its high boron content (10.3 mg/L). It was aimed to remove boron from geothermal fluid by adsorption in order to prevent possible negative effects on the environment. Fly ash was collected from the fluidized bed combustion Can Thermal Power Plant. The specific surface area of the fly ash was 14.6 m(2)/g and the particle size was between 1.45 and 186 mu m. According to ASTM C618 standard, fly ash was classified as Class C. Fly ash was composed of anhydrite, lime, hematite, cristobalite, quartz, calcite and feldspar. The effects of various parameters, such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, were examined to determine the optimum conditions for boron removal from geothermal fluid. The adsorption kinetics of boron was evaluated with respect to the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle kinetic models. The experimental data were modeled by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models.Öğe Enrichment of trace element concentrations in coal and its combustion residues and their potential environmental and human health impact: Can Coal Basin, NW Turkey as a case study(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2016) Baba, Alper; Gurdal, Gulbin; Yucel, Deniz SanliyukselIn this study, the variation of trace element concentrations ( total of 48 trace elements including rare earth elements) in coal, coal ash and fly ash were examined and compared with coal Clarke values. Results showed that the average concentrations of trace elements including As, B, Cu, Ce, Co, Cs, Gd, Hf, La, Lu, Mo, Nd, Nb, Pr, Pb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr in the Can Basin coals are higher than their respective Clarke values for world low-rank coals. The elements As, Cu, Co, Cs, Mo, Nb, Sc, Pb, Pr, Th, U, V, Zn and Zr are enriched in coal ashes, whereas As, Co, Nb, Sc, U and V are enriched in fly ashes. Among the elements, maximum enrichment in coal was observed for As, with the average concentration of 253.5 ppm As in the Can Basin coals, while the coal Clarke value is 14 ppm and world average value is 8.3 ppm. From the ecotoxicological point of view, combustion residues formed by indoor combustion of coal and/or in thermal power plants may be a hazard to the environment and to aquatic and terrestrial life including human beings, particularly As, trace elements and released radioactive elements.Öğe Generation of Acid Mine Lakes Associated with Abandoned Coal Mines in Northwest Turkey(Springer, 2016) Yucel, Deniz Sanliyuksel; Balci, Nurgul; Baba, AlperA total of five acid mine lakes (AMLs) located in northwest Turkey were investigated using combined isotope, molecular, and geochemical techniques to identify geochemical processes controlling and promoting acid formation. All of the investigated lakes showed typical characteristics of an AML with low pH (2.59-3.79) and high electrical conductivity values (1040-6430 mu S/cm), in addition to high sulfate (594-5370 mg/l) and metal (aluminum [Al], iron [Fe], manganese [Mn], nickel [Ni], and zinc [Zn]) concentrations. Geochemical and isotope results showed that the acid-generation mechanism and source of sulfate in the lakes can change and depends on the age of the lakes. In the relatively older lakes (AMLs 1 through 3), biogeochemical Fe cycles seem to be the dominant process controlling metal concentration and pH of the water unlike in the younger lakes (AMLs 4 and 5). Bacterial species determined in an older lake (AML 2) indicate that biological oxidation and reduction of Fe and S are the dominant processes in the lakes. Furthermore, O and S isotopes of sulfate indicate that sulfate in the older mine lakes may be a product of much more complex oxidation/dissolution reactions. However, the major source of sulfate in the younger mine lakes is in situ pyrite oxidation catalyzed by Fe(III) produced by way of oxidation of Fe(II). Consistent with this, insignificant fractionation between delta(34) and delta(34) values indicated that the oxidation of pyrite, along with dissolution and precipitation reactions of Fe(III) minerals, is the main reason for acid formation in the region. Overall, the results showed that acid generation during early stage formation of an AML associated with pyrite-rich mine waste is primarily controlled by the oxidation of pyrite with Fe cycles becoming the dominant processes regulating pH and metal cycles in the later stages of mine lake development.Öğe Geochemical Characterization of Acid Mine Lakes in Northwest Turkey and Their Effect on the Environment(Springer, 2013) Yucel, Deniz Sanliyuksel; Baba, AlperMining activity generates a large quantity of mine waste. The potential hazard of mine waste depends on the host mineral. The tendency of mine waste to produce acid mine drainage (AMD) containing potentially toxic metals depends on the amounts of sulfide, carbonate minerals, and trace-element concentrations found in ore deposits. The acid mine process is one of the most significant environmental challenges and a major source of water pollution worldwide. AMD and its effects were studied in northwest Turkey where there are several sedimentary and hydrothermal mineral deposits that have been economically extracted. The study area is located in Can county of Canakkale province. Canakkale contains marine, lagoon, and lake sediments precipitated with volcanoclastics that occurred as a result of volcanism, which was active during various periods from the Upper Eocene to Plio-Quaternary. Can county is rich in coal with a total lignite reserve > 100 million tons and contains numerous mines that were operated by private companies and later abandoned without any remediation. As a result, human intervention in the natural structure and topography has resulted in large open pits and deterioration in these areas. Abandoned open pit mines typically fill with water from runoff and groundwater discharge, producing artificial lakes. Acid drainage waters from these mines have resulted in the degradation of surface-water quality around Can County. The average pH and electrical conductivity of acid mine lakes (AMLs) in this study were found to be 3.03 and 3831.33 mu S cm(-1), respectively. Total iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) levels were also found to be high (329.77 and 360.67 mg L-1, respectively). The results show that the concentration of most elements, such as Fe and Al in particular, exceed national and international water-quality standards.Öğe Hydrochemistry and Environmental Impacts of Kestanbol Geothermal Fluid(Tmmob Jeoloji Muhendisleri Odasi, 2020) Marmara, Harika; Yucel, Deniz Sanliyuksel; Özden, Süha; Yucel, Mehmet AliKestanbol geothermal field, located in the ancient town of Alexandria Troas, is at the contact between plutonic intrusions and neighboring metamorphic rocks in the Biga Peninsula. This area is also controlled by an ENE-WSW striking right lateral strike-slip fault segment representing the extension of the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault to the west and is one of the geothermal fields with highest temperature in the Biga Peninsula. Kestanbol geothermal fluid from a well is used to heat facilities for thermal tourism and balneological purposes. The geothermal fluid continuously seeps into the environment with low flow rate and additionally, wastewater from the facility is discharged into Ilica stream. This study was conducted to determine the hydrochemical characteristics of the well and springs located in Kestanbol geothermal field and to evaluate the environmental effects of geothermal fluids on the soil and stream sediment. The temperature, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of Kestanbol geothermal fluids are 59.5-74.1 degrees C, 30.3-35.5 mS/cm, and 6.45-6.71, respectively. The geothermal fluids are NaCl water type, with mean NaCl concentration of 19511 mg/L. In addition to higher EC values, and total dissolved solid content, Na+, Cl-, B, Ba, Fe and Mn concentrations of the Kestanbol geothermal fluid are above the tolerance limit of TS 266. Moreover, the geothermal fluid is heavily polluted water (class IV) according to the Turkish Inland Water Quality Regulations in terms of EC, Na+, Cl-, B and Fe. There is a scaling problem in the Kestanbol geothermal field. XRD and SEM-EDX analyses identified the minerals causing scale as calcite, halite and siderite. Arsenic, Fe and Mn concentration of scale, soil and stream sediment samples are higher than the mean value of world continental crust. According to the enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index, the geothermal fluid with intense rock interaction enriches soil and stream sediment in terms of As and Mn metal(loid)s as a result of discharge. It is recommended that geothermal fluids and waste waters from the facility should not be discharged into the soil and Ilica stream.Öğe Mitigation of Environmental Effects of Anthropogenic Metal Contamination Using Fly Ash(Tmmob Jeoloji Muhendisleri Odasi, 2020) Yucel, Deniz Sanliyuksel; Ileri, BurcuAcid mine drainage (AMD) generated by anthropogenic effects has low pH and contains high concentrations of metals, sulfate, dissolved and suspended solids. The Etili coal mine, located within the Can Coal Basin, northwestern Turkey, has been facing environmental problems caused by AMD since the 1980s. As a result of mining activities, fine grain size mine waste with high sulfur content is distributed over large areas around the coal mines and accelerates the AMD formation process. In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of using the fluidized bed thermal power plant waste of fly ash to neutralize AMD and reduce environmental effects caused by mine wastes at the laboratory scale. Based on the results of chemical analysis, paste pH and acid-base accounting tests, it was identified that mine wastes need to be mixed with at least 30% fly ash by weight in order to prevent AMD production. The leach tests prepared according to the determined optimum mixing ratio showed that as the pH value of leachate increased, the electrical conductivity, metal (Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) and sulfate concentrations decreased. At the end of 24 h, the metal concentrations of the leachate fell below the permissible limits in the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation and there was no increase in metal concentrations of the leachate during 720 h. At the end of 720 h, reductions of 72-97% were identified for the metal concentrations in leachate. In this research, it was determined that the environmental effects of AMD could be minimized by using fly ash.Öğe Modeling of a Low-Temperature Geothermal Field Using UAV-based TIR and RGB Images: A Case Study of Kocabaşlar Geothermal Field, Northwestern Türkiye(Tmmob Jeoloji Muhendisleri Odasi, 2024) Yucel, Deniz Sanliyuksel; Yuecel, Mehmet AliKocaba & scedil;lar geothermal field is located in & Ccedil;anakkale province in northwestern T & uuml;rkiye. A well was drilled to a depth of 650 m with a temperature of 46 degrees C. There is also a geothermal spring with a temperature of 38.1 degrees C. The objective of this study was to model the Kocaba & scedil;lar geothermal field for the first time using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a dual camera to capture high-resolution thermal infrared (TIR) and visible (RGB) images. The UAV survey was conducted on January 6, 2023, when the air temperature was low and the meteorological conditions were favorable for image acquisition. The flight altitude was 40 m above ground level, and the flight speed was 2.5 m/s. Image front and side overlaps were 80% and 70%, respectively. As a result of processing a total of 1718 TIR and RGB images, a high-resolution TIR orthophoto (5.25 cm/pixel), an RGB orthophoto (1.37 cm/pixel), and a digital surface model (5.47 cm/pixel) were generated. The generated images were visualized in Geographic Information Systems software. The surface temperature in the geothermal field varied between 6 degrees C and 38 degrees C. The Kocaba & scedil;lar geothermal field will be monitored for an extended period using UAV technology in order to contribute to the development and sustainability of the utilization areas for geothermal energy.Öğe Prediction of acid mine drainage generation potential of various lithologies using static tests: Etili coal mine (NW Turkey) as a case study(Springer, 2016) Yucel, Deniz Sanliyuksel; Baba, AlperThe Etili neighborhood in Can County (northwestern Turkey) has large reserves of coal and has been the site of many small-to medium-scale mining operations since the 1980s. Some of these have ceased working while others continue to operate. Once activities cease, the mining facilities and fields are usually abandoned without rehabilitation. The most significant environmental problem is acid mine drainage (AMD). This study was carried out to determine the acid generation potential of various lithological units in the Etili coal mine using static test methods. Seventeen samples were selected from areas with high acidic water concentrations: from different alteration zones belonging to volcanic rocks, from sedimentary rocks, and from coals and mine wastes. Static tests (paste pH, standard acid-base accounting, and net acid generation tests) were performed on these samples. The consistency of the static test results showed that oxidation of sulfide minerals, especially pyrite-which is widely found not only in the alteration zones of volcanic rocks but also in the coals and mine wastes-is the main factor controlling the generation of AMD in this mine. Lack of carbonate minerals in the region also increases the occurrence of AMD.
