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    BCM-7: Opioid-like Peptide with Potential Role in Disease Mechanisms
    (Mdpi, 2024) Bolat, Ecem; Eker, Furkan; Yilmaz, Selin; Karav, Sercan; Oz, Emel; Brennan, Charles; Proestos, Charalampos
    Bovine milk is an essential supplement due to its rich energy- and nutrient-rich qualities. Caseins constitute the vast majority of the proteins in milk. Among these, beta-casein comprises around 37% of all caseins, and it is an important type of casein with several different variants. The A1 and A2 variants of beta-casein are the most researched genotypes due to the changes in their composition. It is accepted that the A2 variant is ancestral, while a point mutation in the 67th amino acid created the A1 variant. The digestion derived of both A1 and A2 milk is BCM-7. Digestion of A2 milk in the human intestine also forms BCM-9 peptide molecule. The opioid-like characteristics of BCM-7 are highlighted for their potential triggering effect on several diseases. Most research has been focused on gastrointestinal-related diseases; however other metabolic and nervous system-based diseases are also potentially triggered. By manipulating the mechanisms of these diseases, BCM-7 can induce certain situations, such as conformational changes, reduction in protein activity, and the creation of undesired activity in the biological system. Furthermore, the genotype of casein can also play a role in bone health, such as altering fracture rates, and calcium contents can change the characteristics of dietary products. The context between opioid molecules and BCM-7 points to a potential triggering mechanism for the central nervous system and other metabolic diseases discussed.
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    Gender and game: A "Squid Game" and "Alice in Borderland" Analysis
    (Peter Lang AG, 2022) Yilmaz, Selin; Bayrak, Tamer; Yengin, Deniz
    Individuals adopt the culture of the society in which they exist. They compose an individuality and identity of their own. In societies where the patriarchal structure is dominant, women who want to express themselves try to overcome this pressure by opposing the social norms of the period. Each cultural structure embodies symbols and signs which are unique to itself. Some symbols and signs, on the other hand, are universal. Traffic signs are the example of this universality. In every culture, red light refers to stop, while green light refers to go. Culturally, black is the color of mourning; however, the color of mourning is white in cultures such as China, India, and Japan. Colors, symbols, signs differ from culture to culture. Accordingly, the meaning of symbols and signs changes according to their context. The cultural structures of societies are brought into international spheres by means of series, cinema, theatre, and books. The series and movies of countries with unakin cultures take place on platforms such as Netflix and are streamed by almost every segment of the world. In this chapter, the series "Squid Game" and "Alice in Borderland" which are examples of the culture of their relevant countries, are analyzed in terms of Barthes's binary opposition and fundamental contrasts. Analysis is carried out in the context of the scenario of the game theme in movies and series. In this context, the transfer of symbols, signs, and culture structure as a whole is realized by means of cinema and series. Events and utopian realms that have been or can be experienced in the cinema are fictionalized. Games are the utopia universe. Hence, a realm where the participants take an active role is fictionalized in the analyzed series. In this realm, individuals directly take place in games and suffer the consequences. The symbols and signs utilized in the series (cards, geometric shapes) may differ in series in accordance with their context. In this study, a comparative semiotic analysis of the game-themed scenarios used in the series with the real world will be carried out. Therefore, the female characters in the series are also analyzed according to the content analysis method, to express that woman can do anything. At the same time, it is the society they live in that makes them this way. © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2022. All rights reserved.