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    Evaluation of Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women: A Multicenter Study
    (Galenos Publ House, 2025) Sayar, Merve Sefa; Cag, Yasemin; Yilmaz, Neziha; Senbayrak, Seniha; Cakirca, Tuba Damar; Caydasi, Ozge; Altunay, Deniz Gur
    Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy poses a significant risk of congenital infection, particularly in seronegative women. This study aimed to assess CMV seroprevalence among pregnant women and evaluate the incidence of primary CMV infections during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included pregnant women aged >= 18 year who were hospitalized between January 2018 and December 2022. Demographic data-including maternal age, gravidity, and educational and occupational status-along with CMV serological results, gestational age at CMV diagnosis, and fetal ultrasonographic (USG) findings were collected and analyzed. In cases with positive CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, CMV-IgG avidity values, amniotic fluid CMV-DNA polymerase chain reaction results, and fetal USG findings were recorded to assess the likelihood of primary infection. Results: Among 16,761 pregnant women, 261 (1.6%) tested positive for CMV-IgM. Of these, 126 (48.3%) underwent CMV-IgG avidity testing, and three cases demonstrated low avidity, indicating recent primary infection. Ultrasonographic abnormalities in these three fetuses included hydrops fetalis, polyhydramnios, skin edema, and hyperechogenic bowel. Despite high CMV-IgG avidity, five cases showed abnormal findings on detailed fetal ultrasonography namely intrauterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios, and cranial anomalies. Conclusion: Primary CMV infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes such as fetal anomalies, spontaneous abortion, and preterm birth. Preventive strategies, including educating CMV-seronegative women about transmission routes and routine assessment of CMV-IgG avidity and fetal USG findings, are essential for early diagnosis and improved perinatal outcomes.
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    Genotyping of mumps virus circulating in Turkey in the 2006-2007 winter season
    (Springer Wien, 2009) Alper Akçalı; Yilmaz, Neziha; Uyar, Yavuz; Ertek, Mustafa; Buzgan, Turan
    In the winter of 2006-2007, several parotitis cases were reported in different provinces of Turkey. Serological and virological studies were undertaken to investigate these cases with the aim of determining the genotype of the mumps virus (MuV) circulating in Turkey. Samples from 23 cases-Ankara (n:5), Kirklareli (n:4), Mugla (n:10), Isparta (n:3), Trabzon (n:1)-with a diagnosis of clinical parotitis were investigated. Serum samples were tested against mumps IgM and IgG, nested PCR amplification of a 639-bp fragment encompassing the entire SH gene was performed using buccal swabs, and PCR products were sequenced. Of 18 serum samples, 16 (88.9%) were positive for mumps IgM. Seven (30.4%) of 23 buccal swab samples were positive by PCR. In five PCR-positive cases, the sample was also positive for mumps IgM, and serum samples were not available from two of the PCR- positive cases. There was 98% identity between the different sequences, and all were identified as genotype H. The sequences were most similar to sequences identified in Spain, Japan, Switzerland and the UK, and less closely related to the H strains identified in Belarus, Korea and Russia. This is the first report of the mumps virus genotypes circulating in Turkey. Turkey is, geographically, a bridge between Europe and Asia, and therefore, a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology of MuV in Turkey may led to improved tracking of the circulation of strains between the two continents. Moreover, there is a need to further investigate the existence of other genotypes in Turkey.