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    Boron-depleted geothermal water as an alternative irrigation source: Effects on the germination and nutritional composition of edible seed sprouts
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2025) Orhun, Gul Ebru; Bektas, Tijen Ennil; Orhun, Eda; Yilmaz, Damla
    This study aims to evaluate the usability of boron-depleted geothermal resources as irrigation water for the cultivation of seed sprouts intended for food consumption. Initially, high concentrations of boron in the Tuzla geothermal resources were reduced using cost-boron selective resin Resinex BR.1. Subsequently, the water obtained from this process was used to grow wheat, pea, and corn seed sprouts. The primary objective is to assess the impact of irrigation with boron-depleted geothermal water on germination properties, as well as on the nutritional and anti-nutritional contents of the sprouts. According to t-test results, almost all examined features showed significant differences (p < 0.01). Irrigation water with boron- depleted geothermal fluid containing less than 1 ppm boron resulted in a decrease in the germination rate of wheat and maize seeds compared to their control groups. But the water resulted in an increase on the germination rate of pea seeds compared to their control groups. Significant variations were observed in the responses of different species to this irrigation water. Ultimately, using boron-depleted geothermal fluid as irrigation positively affected the phenolic compounds, total phenolic content, and vitamin C levels in the sprouts, enhancing their nutritional value.
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    EVALUATION OF BORON-REMOVED GEOTHERMAL WATER FOR WHEAT IRRIGATION: EFFECTS ON SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT IN DIFFERENT WHEAT VARIETIES
    (Publ House Bulgarian Acad Sci, 2025) Orhun, Gul Ebru; Yilmaz, Damla
    The need for water has been increasing day by day with the growing industry and increasing population. Since global climate change and environmental problems have caused the depletion of water resources, it is necessary to make all kinds of water resources usable. Geothermal water resources, which are considered an alternative water source for this study, cannot be used directly in agricultural irrigation because they contain high levels of boron and heavy metals that are toxic for plants. For this reason, the usability of boron-removed geothermal resources in wheat agriculture was investigated. The irrigation water required for growing wheat has been brought to the desired limit values. The emergence and seedling development characteristics of the grown wheat were examined by using seeds of bread wheat and durum wheat which are two different wheat varieties as plant materials. According to the results of the study, decreases in the emergence percentages and seedling growth were observed in the comparisons made between the experiment and the controls. According to the comparison between varieties, bread wheat variety (Pehlivan) was more affected than durum wheat variety (Mirzabey-2000).