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    Dose-dependent hemato-biochemical and genotoxic responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to flupyradifurone
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2025) Yildirim, Onder; Acar, Umit; Tezel, Rifat; Erden, Yavuz; Bilge, Gokcen; Yapici, Sercan
    Flupyradifurone (FPF), a systemic butenolide insecticide introduced in 2014, is increasingly used as an alternative to neonicotinoids, yet its safety for non-target aquatic organisms remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the acute and sub-lethal toxicity of FPF in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A 96-h static bioassay determined an LC50 of 140.47 mg/L. Fish were then exposed for 14 days to sub-lethal concentrations (1, 3, 5, 25, 75 and 125 mg/L) to assess hematological, biochemical, and genotoxic responses. Hematological analysis revealed significant, dose-dependent declines in red blood cells (1.71 x 106/mu L in control vs. 1.12 x 106/mu L at 125 mg/L), hemoglobin (8.34 vs. 3.34 g/dL), and hematocrit (26.08% vs. 13.73%), accompanied by reduced mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration at higher doses, indicating anemia and impaired oxygen transport. Biochemically, glucose increased sharply (102.21 mmol/L in control to 230.29 mmol/L at 125 mg/L), while triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, and albumin declined significantly, suggesting metabolic disruption. Hepatic enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) increased markedly, with serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase rising from 36.47 U/L in controls to 144.02 U/L at 125 mg/L, indicative of hepatocellular damage. Comet assay confirmed pronounced DNA damage at >= 25 mg/L, with significant elevations in tail length, tail moment, and % DNA in tail. Collectively, these results demonstrate that FPF exposure compromises hematological health, disrupts metabolic balance, and induces genotoxicity in common carp, even at sub-lethal concentrations. Incorporating both physiological and genomic endpoints is essential for comprehensive ecological risk assessments of emerging insecticides.
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    Effects of Dietary Tribulus terrestris Extract Supplementation on Growth, Feed Utilization, Hematological, Immunological, and Biochemical Variables of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
    (Aquaculturehub Inc, 2014) Gultepe, Nejdet; Acar, Umit; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Yildirim, Onder; Turker, Ali
    The present study was conducted for 88 days to evaluate the effect of dietary Tribulus terrestris supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, and hematological, immunological, and biochemical indices of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 144 Nile tilapia, average body weight 2.61 +/- 0.35 g, were divided into four experimental treatments. There were three replicates of each treatment. Four isonitrogenous (40% CP) and isolipidic (10% CL) experimental diets contained T. terrestris extract at levels of 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg respectively. Growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia were significantly higher (p<0.05) in all treatment groups fed with T. terrestris extract supplemented diets than those fed the control diet. There were no significant differences between body composition of fish (p>0.05). Hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and myeloperoxidase variables were not significantly affected by herb extract (p>0.05). However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) value and lysozyme activity increased with increasing T. terrestris extract (p<0.05). Serum albumin, total protein, and triglyceride levels were not affected by T. terrestris extract. Serum globulin and glucose levels increased and cholesterol levels decreased in Nile tilapia fed with herbal supplemented diets. The results of the present study suggest that Nile tilapia fed diets containing at least 400 mg/kg T. terrestris extract enhanced growth performance, feed utilization, hematological, immunological, and biochemical indices.
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    Öğe
    Effects of Partial or Total Replacement of Fish Oil by Unrefined Peanut Oil on Growth and Chemical Composition of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
    (Israeli Journal Of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 2013) Yildirim, Onder; Acar, Umit; Turker, Ali; Sunar, Murat Can; Yılmaz, Sevdan
    Unrefined peanut oil was evaluated as a partial or total replacement of fish oil in diets for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and growth performance, feed utilization, and biochemical status were examined. Three isonitrogenous (34.5% protein) and isolipidic (12.8% lipid) experimental diets were fed to satiation to triplicate groups of 10 common carp (29.57 +/- 0.44 g), each, for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, total replacement of the fish oil by peanut oil did not affect growth, feed utilization, or ash, protein, or moisture content in the carp body. Hepatosomatic and viscerasomatic indices increased as the content of peanut oil increased but did not significantly differ between treatments (p<0.05). Serum total protein, globulin, and triglyceride significantly increased as the content of peanut oil increased while glucose decreased. There was no definable trend in cholersterol. In conclusion, replacement of 50% dietary fish oil with unrefined peanut oil had no adverse effect on the growth performance, biochemical parameters, or general health (survival) of common carps.
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    The effect of dietary soybean meal on growth, nutrient utilization, body composition and some serum biochemistry variables of two banded seabream, Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
    (Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, 2013) Acar, Umit; Turker, Ali; Bulut, Musa; Yildirim, Onder; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kesbic, Osman Sabri
    This study was performed to determine the optimum level of soybean meal diets for two banded sea bream for growth performance, nutrient utilization, body composition and serum biochemistry. Two banded seabream were fed five experimental diets which were formulated replace fish meal by soybean meal at 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. Up to 40% of dietary fish meal was successfully replaced with no growth depression. Whole body composition of two banded seabream was not affected by soybean meal inclusion level. Total protein, triglyceride and total cholesterol of fish fed the SM50 diets were significantly lower compared to fish fed the soybean free diet. On the other hand, serum glucose level significantly increased as dietary soybean meal inclusion increased. Results showed that 40% fish meal can be replaced in diets for the two banded seabream by defatted soybean meal. Further studies to determine the inclusion level of soybean meal more than 40% with amino acid or enzyme supplementation are needed.