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    An in vitro assessment of the effectiveness of some bactericides on bacteria isolated from soaking float
    (Chemical Publishing Co., 2009) Yapici, Ali Nail; Yapici, Binnur Mericli; Karaboz, Ismail; Tozan, Murat
    In this study, the effectiveness of 5 commercial bactericides commonly used in leather processing was examined in vitro. Bacteria were isolated from soak water by means of proteolytic bacteria culture medium, plate count agar (PCA) and halotolerant bacteria medium containing 10 % NaCl and identified as Gram positive Staphylococcus sp., Diplococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Corynobacterium sp., Bacillus sp. and Gram negative bacterium. The effectiveness of bactericides was determined in vitro on these bacteria through disc diffusion method. Results were evaluated in comparison with antimicrobial activities of some standard antibiotics on the same microorganisms. It was observed that Derbio DB 99® (bactericide I) was effective on all types of bacteria. Biocide B-7® (bactericide II) was effective on Staphylococcus sp., Diplococcus sp. and Micrococcus sp. It was also observed that Aracit KL® (bactericides III) and Preventol Z-L® (bactericides IV) were effective only against Staphylococcus sp. and Diplococcus sp. On the other hand, Pluscide HP® (bactericides V) did not show enough effectiveness. As a result, it was found out that the most effective bactericide was Bactericide I.
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    An in vitro Assessment of The Effectiveness of Some Bactericides on Bacteria Isolated from Soaking Float
    (Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Yapici, Ali Nail; Yapici, Binnur Mericli; Karaboz, Ismail; Tozan, Murat
    In this study, the effectiveness of 5 commercial bactericides commonly used in leather processing was examined in vitro. Bacteria were isolated from soak water by means of proteolytic bacteria culture medium, plate count agar (PCA) and halotolerant bacteria medium containing 10% NaCl and identified as Gram positive Staphylacoccus sp., Diplococcus sp.. Micrococcus sp., Corynobacterium sp., Bacillus sp. and Gram negative bacterium. The effectiveness of bactericides was determined in vitro on these bacteria through disc diffusion method. Results were evaluated in comparison with antimicrobial activities of some standard antibiotics on the same microorganisms. It was observed that Derbio DB 99 (R) (bactericide I) was effective on all types of bacteria. Biocide B-7 (R) (bactericide II) was effective on Staphylacoccus sp., Diplococcus sp. and Micrococcus sp. It was also observed that Aracit KL (R) (bactericides III) and Preventol Z-L (R) (bactericides IV) were effective only against Staphylacoccus sp. and Diplococcus sp. On the other hand, Pluscide HP (R) (bactericides V) did not show enough effectiveness. As a result, it was found out that the most effective bactericide was Bactericide I.
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    ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NATURAL LEATHERS TREATED WITH Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf EXTRACTS
    (Ege Univ, 2013) Turkan, Mehmet Fatih; Aslan, Ahmet; Yapici, Ali Nail; Yapici, Binnur Mericli; Bilgi, Sadi Turgut
    In the present study, antimicrobial activity of raw skin and chrome-tanned leather samples treated with acetone and chloroform extracts of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf were tested against Bacillus subtilis (ATTC 6633), Bacillus cereus (CCM 99), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538-P), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11228), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Klebsiella pneumoniae (CCM 2318), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium jensenii, Geotrichum candidum and Candida albicans by the disc diffusion method. The study showed that acetone and chloroform extracts of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf had antimicrobial activity on raw skin and chrome-tanned leather. The inhibition zones of both extracts for the bacteria and fungi tested were found to vary between 11.0 mm to 31.0 mm in raw skins, but between 11.2 mm and 29.0 mm in chrome-tanned leathers.
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    Determination of antimicrobial activity of tannic acid in pickling process
    (Ars Docendi, 2010) Colak, Selime Mentes; Yapici, Binnur Mericli; Yapici, Ali Nail
    In the present study, the antimicrobial efficacy of tannic acid used in the pickling stage was investigated against some microorganisms. Leather samples treated with various concentrations of tannic acid in the stage were assessed against sixteen test microorganisms by Disc Diffusion Method. The used microorganisms - bacteria, moulds and yeasts - were Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Proteus vulgaris (ATTC 6889), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATTC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATTC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Neisseria can's, Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, Penicillium granulatum P. granulosum, Geotricum candidum, Yarrowia lypolitica and Rhodotorula rubra (DSM 70403). The results showed that tannic acid exhibited antimicrobial activity against all bacteria, moulds and yeasts tested. It was also determined that the most effective concentration of tannic acid was 3 %.
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    Determination of chemical compositions and antibacterial effects of selected essential oils against human pathogenic strains
    (Acad Brasileira De Ciencias, 2022) Altun, Mehzat; Yapici, Binnur Mericli
    Increasing the rates of drug resistant bacteria, having adverse effects and also high costs of antibiotics lead to essential oils (EOs) with antibacterial properties have gained importance. The present study was predicted to evaluate antibacterial activity of cinnamon, lavender, tea tree, lemon, coconut, oregano, mint, laurel and eucalyptus EOs alone and in combination. Chemical components of effective EOs were examined through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays were used to identify antibacterial effects of EOs against bacterial strains. The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration index (FICI) of the binary combinations of EOs was determined by checkerboard method. Carvacrol, linalool, linalyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, cinnamaldehyde, terpinen-4-ol and p-cymene were found main components of EOs. Oregano, cinnamon and tea tree EOs exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity with the MIC range between 0.03125-1.00% (v/v). Tea tree/lavender and cinnamon/lavender mixtures showed a synergistic effect against Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae. Oregano with tea tree and laurel exhibited a synergistic effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Oregano showed a synergistic effect when combined with cinnamon, lavender and tea tree against S.agalactiae. Our findings indicated that EOs either alone or in combination against pathogens should be preferred as potential antibacterial agents.
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    Effect of two anti-fungal compounds on the growth of molds that frequently appear on tanned leather
    (American Leather Chemists Assoc, 1997) Yapici, Binnur Mericli; Karaboz, Ismail
    In this study, two fungicides with different chemical compositions and raw skins from domestic sheep have been used. These raw skins were both pickled (preserved pickled pelts) and chrome-tanned with and without fungicides. Each fungicides was used in the ratios of 0.005%, 0.015% and 0.030%, based on the pelt weight. Two fungicides (one mix phenolic-based and pentachlorophenol-free, the other TCMTB-based) were used to prevent the growth of mold such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium rubrum and Alternaria spp. which are troublesome in pickled leathers and chrome-tanned leathers in the leather industry of our county. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of these fungicides were found.
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    The effect of reuse of unhairing-liming residual floats through regeneration on the microorganism number
    (Academic Journals, 2008) Yapici, Binnur Mericli; Yapici, Ali Nail; Kecici, Ece
    Even though microorganism load was mostly ignored in the unhairing-liming process due to extremely high pH values, it is a question to answer when unhairing-liming residual floats are reused through regeneration. The objective of this paper was to determine the number of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and of proteolytic, lypolytic, aerobic spore-forming bacteria, and of total aerobic fungi (mould and yeast), proteolytic and lypolytic fungi in each unhairing-liming residual float reused ten times through regeneration. Enumeration of bacteria and fungi was done in three different concentrations of NaCl [0, 5, and 10% (w/v)]. The experiments were carried out with and without antimicrobial agents (experimental and control). In this study, generally, the values obtained from experimental samples were detected to be lower than control samples. For experimental samples, when all the NaCl concentrations were taken into account, the minimum and maximum numbers of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and of proteolytic, lypolytic, aerobic spore-forming bacteria were found as follows: 2.0x10(1) - 3.9x10(2) cfu.mL(-1), 1.0x10(1) - 4.1x10(2) cfu.mL(-1), 2.0x10(1) - 5.4x10(2) cfu.mL(-1) and 1.0x10(1) - 2.0x10(2) cfu.mL(-1), respectively. In these samples, it was found out that the minimum and maximum numbers of total aerobic fungi and of proteolytic and lypolytic fungi were 3.0x10(1) - 2.8x10(3) cfu.mL(-1), 1.0x10(1) 1.2x10(3) cfu.mL(-1), and 5.0x10(1) - 3.5x10(3) cfu.mL(-1), respectively. In the study, there is a significant finding that the numbers of fungi were higher than those of bacteria. In addition, when bactericide and fungicide were added into the soaking processes and when unhairing-liming residual floats were reused ten times via regeneration, it was revealed that the numbers of bacteria and fungi can be controlled.