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Öğe 2-D AND 3-D DIFFRACTION STAKE MIGRATION METHOD USING GPR: A CASE STUDY IN CANAKKALE (TURKEY)(Univ Agean, Dept Mediterranean Stud, 2012) Yalciner, Cahit CaglarIn this study, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method was applied for Clandestine cemetery detection in Canakkale (Dardanelles), west Turkey. Investigated area was a historical area which was used as tent hospitals during the World War I. The study area was also used to bury soldiers who died during the treatment process in tent hospitals. Because of agricultural activity grave stones were used by local people, thus, most of the graves were lost in the field. 45 GPR profiles were applied with a GPR system (RAMAC) equipped with 250 MHz central frequency shielded antenna. After main processing steps on raw data, migration was applied to improve section resolution and develop the realism of the subsurface images. Although the GPR in results before migration the anomalous zones are visible, after migration the results became much more visible both in the profiles and 3D illustrations, thus, migrated GPR data were preferred to locate the buried martyrdoms.Öğe Analyses of Seismic Deformation at the Kibyra Roman Stadium, Southwest Turkey(Wiley, 2013) Karabacak, Volkan; Yonlu, Onder; Doku, Eray; Kiyak, Nafiye Gunec; Altunel, Erhan; Ozudogru, Sukru; Yalciner, Cahit CaglarThe ancient city of Kibyra in southwest Turkey has the potential to reveal the location and date of historical earthquakes. The most compelling evidence for earthquake faulting is observed in the city's Roman stadium. Damage related to seismic shaking is characterized by systematically collapsed columns, dilated and collapsed walls, and by rotated and displaced blocks in the stadium. Detailed archaeoseismological observations suggest that Kibyra was affected by earthquakes that were also recorded in historical earthquake catalogs. Although there is no historical record of a large earthquake after the 5th century A.D., Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of deposits under the collapsed blocks suggests a later seismic event. OSL results indicate that another large event occurred in southwest Turkey, probably around the 10-11th century A.D., and caused extensive damage (I-o = VIII-IX) to the Kibyra stadium.Öğe Application of GPR to normal faults in the Buyuk Menderes Graben, western Turkey(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2013) Yalciner, Cahit Caglar; Altunel, Erhan; Bano, Maksim; Meghraoui, Mustapha; Karabacak, Volkan; Akyuz, H. SerdarPaleoseismology documents past surface-rupturing earthquakes that occurred on faults. This study is limited by the scarcity data on geomorphic and sedimentary environments that may preserve adequate records of deposition, erosion, and fault slip markers. Identifying relevant trenching sites can be difficult when a fault is buried or its surface expression has been eroded since the last tectonic motion. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is an effective tool for locating suitable sites for trenching. Characteristic reflections are produced by boundaries between elements with contrasting electrical properties, such as grain size distribution (sorting, clay content, etc.), porosity, and water content. GPR is capable of resolving faults by imaging offset stratigraphic reflectors or reflections from the fault plane. GPR surveys were performed at two sites along the Buyuk Menderes Graben (western Turkey) to precisely locate the normal fault zone; there is no clear evidence of surface rupture at these sites. We used 250 and 500 MHz antennas for receiving the GPR data. From the GPR measurements, we determined locations suitable for paleoseismic investigations and performed a trenching study across the fault plane. The comparison of the GPR results and the trenching study indicates a good correlation between these methods. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Geophysical investigations at Agadere Cemetery, Gallipoli Peninsular, NW Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Buyuksarac, Aydin; Yalciner, Cahit Caglar; Ekinci, Yunus Levent; Demirci, Alper; Yucel, Mehmet AliHistorical cemeteries are challenging targets for geophysical prospection but some non-destructive imaging techniques may be successful for mapping buried cemeteries if applied appropriately. Ground-Penetrating-Radar (GPR) has generally been considered to be the only geophysical method for determining cemeteries; however, Electrical-Resistivity-Tomography (ERT) and Magnetic-Imaging (MI), may determine geophysical traces of such cemeteries. Thus, as a first attempt at applying geophysical methods in the cemetery area of the Gallipoli Peninsula, these techniques were used to explore the buried graves at Agadere Cemetery. In this study, measured apparent resistivity data were processed using a two-dimensional (2D) tomographic inversion scheme. Resultant resistivity depth slices and volumetric resistivity images clearly showed the anomaly zone, which may be attributed to anthropogenic burials. Additionally, three-dimensional (3D) visualization of GPR results indicated some anomalies, much like the resistivity anomalies in terms of location. MI data were processed using linear transformations and an analytic signal image map presented anomaly zones located in some parts of the area, which are in agreement with those obtained by ERT and GPR surveys. Results derived from data processing techniques showed that these methods are suitable for bordering the locations of other buried historical graves in areas that have the same geological environment in the Peninsula.Öğe Holocene Activity of Kutahya Fault Zone(Tmmob Jeoloji Muhendisleri Odasi, 2012) Altinok, Sevgi; Karabacak, Volkan; Yalciner, Cahit Caglar; Bilgen, A. Nejat; Altunel, Erhan; Kiyak, Nafiye GunecKutahya Basin which is located near the northeast boundary of the Western Anatolia Extension Region is a depression area that extends in WNW-ESE direction. Southern margin of the basin is bounded by a distinct fault morphology called Kutahya Fault Zone. Geological, geomorphological and geophysical studies on the Kutahya Fault Zone show that this zone consists of 5 different fault branches. Total length of the mapped fault zone is about 22 km in N50-70W direction. Paleoseismological and archeoseismological studies show that there are at least two surface rupturing earthquakes during the last 8000 years. First earthquake was occurred around 6000 BC and the last one was around 1800 B.C. after which the Seyitomer Tell was abandoned. Thus, this study indicates that the Kutahya Fault Zone has produced destructive earthquakes during Holocene and considering the length of the fault zone, it is possible to suggest that the fault zone has earthquake potential at least 6.5 magnitude.Öğe Hydrothermal fluids circulation and travertine deposition in an active tectonic setting: Insights from the Kamara geothermal area (western Anatolia, Turkey)(Elsevier, 2016) Brogi, Andrea; Alcicek, M. Cihat; Yalciner, Cahit Caglar; Capezzuoli, Enrico; Liotta, Domenico; Meccheri, Marco; Rimondi, ValentinaCoexistence of thermal springs, travertine deposits and tectonic activity is a recurring feature for most geothermal areas. Although such a certainty, their relationships are debated mainly addressing on the role of the tectonic activity in triggering and controlling fluids flow and travertine deposition. In this paper, we present the results of an integrated study carried out in a geothermal area located in western Anatolia (Turkey), nearby the well-known Pamukkale area (Denizli Basin). Our study focused on the relationships among hydrothermal fluids circulation, travertine deposition and tectonic activity, with particular emphasis on the role of faults in controlling fluids upwelling, thermal springs location and deposition of travertine masses. New field mapping and structural/kinematics analyses allowed us to recognize two main faults systems (NW- and NE-trending), framed in the Neogene-Quaternary extensional tectonic evolution of western Anatolia. A geo-radar (GPR) prospection was also provided in a key-area, permitting us to reconstruct a buried fault zone and its relationships with the development of a fissure-ridge travertine deposit (Kamara fissure-ridge). The integration among structural and geophysical studies, fluids inclusion, geochemical, isotopic data and Th-230/U-238 radiometric age determination on travertine deposits, depict the characteristics of the geothermal fluids and their pathway, up to the surface. Hydrological and seismological data have been also taken in account to investigate the relation between local seismicity and fluid upwelling. As a main conclusion we found strict relationships among tectonic activity, earthquakes occurrence, and variation of the physical/chemical features of the hydrothermal fluids, presently exploited at depth, or flowing out in thermal springs. In the same way, we underline the tectonic role in controlling the travertine deposition, making travertine (mainly banded travertine) a useful proxy to reconstruct the seismological history of an area, as well as the characteristics of the parent geothermal fluids, adding an effective tool for geothermal exploration tasks. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Hydrothermal fluids circulation and travertine deposition in an active tectonic setting: insights from the Kamara geothermal area (western Anatolia, Turkey) (vol 680, pg 211, 2016)(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Brogi, Andrea; Alcicek, M. Cihat; Yalciner, Cahit Caglar; Capezzuoli, Enrico; Liotta, Domenico; Meccheri, Marco; Rimondi, Valentina[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Investigation of the subsurface geometry of fissure-ridge travertine with GPR, Pamukkale, western Turkey(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2013) Yalciner, Cahit CaglarCracks in the upper crust are the result of either local or regional tectonic stress. Such structural elements are conduits for fluids in the crust. In Pamukkale, hot water which is rich in calcium carbonate emerges from fissures. The hot water issuing from the fissures precipitates travertine both in the fissures and on the surface. As a result, a ridge, which is called fissure-ridge travertine, forms along the central fissure. Fissure-ridge travertines are lens-shaped at the surface. Since fissure-ridge travertines are of great tectonic significance, their surface characteristics have been studied in detail. However, the subsurface geometry of travertine ridges is not well known. GPR was used to examine the subsurface geometry of fissure-ridge travertine and the central fissure. GPR profiles were combined across the ridge to produce a three-dimensional (3D) subsurface image of the travertine mass. The 3D image showed that the thickness and width of the travertine mass are at a maximum near the centre of the ridge and they both decrease asymmetrically towards the ends. Perpendicular GPR slices across the central fissure showed that the thickness of the vertically banded fissure-travertine increases with depth. 3D modelling suggests that the lateral propagation of the central fissure is asymmetric.Öğe Reply to Comment on Analyses of Seismic Deformation at the Kibyra Roman Stadium, Southwest Turkey(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Karabacak, Volkan; Yonlu, Onder; Doku, Eray; Kiyak, Nafiye Gunenc; Altunel, Erhan; Ozudogru, Sukru; Yalciner, Cahit CaglarIn their comment, Elitez and Yaltirak (2013) criticize our paper (Karabacak et al. 2013) by arguing that it contains misinterpretations and unreliable data for a fault cutting the Roman Stadium in the ancient city of Kibyra. However their comments are not based on strong arguments to disprove our geological and archeological field observations or previous data. Here we present additional data supported by new figures which validate the faulting both in the bedrock and in the stadium floor. We reject their comments and uphold our original viewpoint on the faulting at the Stadium. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe Research using GPR into the cause of cracks and depressions in the floor of the gallery of Hagia Sophia Museum(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Yalciner, Cahit Caglar; Kurban, Yunus Can; Altunel, ErhanHagia Sophia Museum is one of Istanbul's most important historical structures. Considering its location in Istanbul and the use of the building through history, visible damage is noted in the structure. To determine whether this damage noted on the exterior of the building is present in the interior, the gallery of Hagia Sophia Museum was scanned with ground penetrating radar. The GPR scanning of the floor of the gallery revealed the presence of weak zones in the floor and varying scales of deformation within the structure. Detailed study of the vaults showed that the geometrical symmetry of the curve of the vault dome was disrupted. The results obtained in this study show that necessary precautions should be urgently completed to prevent damage to Hagia Sophia, especially when the earthquake expected near Istanbul is considered. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
