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    General health perception, depression and quality of life in geriatric grandmothers providing care for grandchildren
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2018) Yalcin, Bektas Murat; Pirdal, Hasan; Karakoc, Esat Veli; Şahin, Erkan Melih; Ozturk, Onur; Unal, Mustafa
    Aim/background: To investigate levels of depression, quality of life, general health perception, and factors affecting these in grandmothers providing care for their grandchildren. Material/method: One hundred two family physicians from four cities (Samsun, Amasya, Canakkale, and Izmir) in Turkey investigated 2859 women older than 65 years on their patient lists. Of these, 282 (9.8%) had spent at least 50 h caring for their grandchildren in the previous three months, and these were selected as the study group, while the remaining 2563 (89.6%) were enrolled as the control group. After all participants' demographic variables had been investigated, they completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Self-Function 12 (Mental and physical component score) (SF-12), and the Visual Analog Scale of EQ-5D (VAS). The participants in the study group also completed a questionnaire investigating features of their grandchild care. Results: The study group (with the exception of custodial grandmothers) scored better on the SF-12 (PSC = 50.60 +/- 6.96 vs 48.24 +/- 8.12), (MCS = 49.70 +/- 7.77 vs 45.48 +/- 7.61), VAS (60.44 +/- 23.5 vs 54.16 +/- 19.5), and BDI (13.97 +/- 0.3 vs 19.49 +/- 0.2) compared to the control group (p < 0.0001 for all). Age, monthly income, mean length of education, duration of care, mean hours spent caregiving per week, being a custodial grandmother, presence of more than one chronic disease, and caring for more than one grandchild at a time were identified as factors affecting SF-12, VAS and BID in the study group. Conclusion: Grandchild care positively affected the grandmothers' quality of life, depression levels, and general health perception, with the exception of custodial grandmothers.
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    The Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Partner Interaction Questionnaire (PIQ-20-Tr)
    (Turkish Green Crescent Soc, 2022) Yalcin, Bektas Murat; Toraman, Cetin; Karahan, Tevfik Fikret
    We aimed to adapt The Partner Interaction Questionnaire developed by Cohen and Lichtenstein (1990) to Turkish in this study. The inventory is originally in English, and it consists of 24 items in the original form. The Partner Interaction Questionnaire has two subscales (Negative Behaviors and Positive Behaviors). A team of two academics (a family physician and a clinical psychologist) translated the original to the Turkish language, and 11 qualified experts who have a good command of English and are studying in the field of smoking cessation created an expert opinion form (Krippendorff's alpha = .93). A total of 611 smokers who had admitted to the Ondokuz Mayis University Family Medicine Smoking Cessation Clinic filled the Partner Interaction Questionnare-20 in Turkish (PIQ-20-TR) at their first visit. One month later, the PIQ-20-TR was re-administered to these participants (re-test, n = 598). Cronbach's alpha for the total PIQ-20-TR was .92; for the negative subscale it was .85; and for the positive subscale it was .87. There was a statistically significant relation between the re-test and test scores of both the positive and negative subscales ( p <.001). The confirmatory factor analyses and fit indexes revealed a high validity of the PIQ-20-TR (X-2/sd = 2.131; root mean square error of approximation = 0.054; goodness of fit index = 0.902; adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.933; normed fit index = 0.963, incremental fit index = 0.971; and the comparative fit index = 0.97).