Yazar "Witkowska, Anna Maria" seçeneğine göre listele

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    A Comprehensive Review of Nanoparticles: From Classification to Application and Toxicity
    (Mdpi, 2024) Eker, Furkan; Duman, Hatice; Akdasci, Emir; Bolat, Ecem; Saritas, Suemeyye; Karav, Sercan; Witkowska, Anna Maria
    Nanoparticles are structures that possess unique properties with high surface area-to-volume ratio. Their small size, up to 100 nm, and potential for surface modifications have enabled their use in a wide range of applications. Various factors influence the properties and applications of NPs, including the synthesis method and physical attributes such as size and shape. Additionally, the materials used in the synthesis of NPs are primary determinants of their application. Based on the chosen material, NPs are generally classified into three categories: organic, inorganic, and carbon-based. These categories include a variety of materials, such as proteins, polymers, metal ions, lipids and derivatives, magnetic minerals, and so on. Each material possesses unique attributes that influence the activity and application of the NPs. Consequently, certain NPs are typically used in particular areas because they possess higher efficiency along with tenable toxicity. Therefore, the classification and the base material in the NP synthesis hold significant importance in both NP research and application. In this paper, we discuss these classifications, exemplify most of the major materials, and categorize them according to their preferred area of application. This review provides an overall review of the materials, including their application, and toxicity.
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    Biological and Nutritional Applications of Microalgae
    (Mdpi, 2025) Saritas, Sumeyye; Kalkan, Arda Erkan; Yilmaz, Kadir; Gurdal, Savas; Goksan, Tolga; Witkowska, Anna Maria; Lombardo, Mauro
    Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that have a rapid growth cycle and carbon fixation ability. They have diverse cellular structures, ranging from prokaryotic cyanobacteria to more complex eukaryotic forms, which enable them to thrive in a variety of environments and support biomass production. They utilize both photosynthesis and heterotrophic pathways, indicating their ecological importance and potential for biotechnological applications. Reproducing primarily through asexual means, microalgae have complex cell cycles that are crucial for their growth and ability to adapt to changing conditions. Additionally, microalgae possess bioactive compounds that make them both nutritious and functional. Thanks to their content of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, they play an important role in the development of functional food products, particularly by enhancing nutritional content and product quality. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that algae and algal bioactive compounds support cardiovascular health, immune function, and gut health, especially in relation to obesity and other metabolic diseases. They also contribute to skin health and cognitive functions, including memory. This review article explores the biological, nutritional, and functional properties of microalgae based on the studies conducted.
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    Dietary Polyphenols, Food Processing and Gut Microbiome: Recent Findings on Bioavailability, Bioactivity, and Gut Microbiome Interplay
    (Mdpi, 2024) Sejbuk, Monika; Mironczuk-Chodakowska, Iwona; Karav, Sercan; Witkowska, Anna Maria
    Polyphenols are organic chemical compounds naturally present in plants, renowned for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and cardiovascular protective properties. Their bioactivity and bioavailability can vary widely depending on the methods of food processing and interactions with the gut microbiome. These factors can induce changes in polyphenols, affecting their ability to achieve their intended health benefits. Thus, it is essential to develop and apply food processing methods that optimize polyphenol content while maintaining their bioactivity and bioavailability. This review aims to explore how various food processing techniques affect the quantity, bioactivity, and bioavailability of polyphenols, as well as their interactions with the gut microbiome, which may ultimately determine their health effects.
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    Functional Yogurt: Types and Health Benefits
    (Mdpi, 2024) Saritas, Sumeyye; Mondragon, Alicia del Carmen Portocarrero; Miranda, Jose M.; Witkowska, Anna Maria; Karav, Sercan
    In the past decade, the increasing interest in healthy consumption has encouraged the development of functional products in the yogurt sector. Dairy products are extensively used in the production of functional foods because of their excellent and versatile technological properties. Among dairy products, yogurt is one of the dairy foods that has been most widely used to deliver bioactive compounds to consumers. The market features various types of functional yogurt, including probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, high protein, lactose free, and novel products known as easy-to-digest yogurt. The added ingredients in these products influence the structural, nutritional, and functional properties of yogurt. These effects vary depending on the chemical and biological characteristics of each ingredient. Additionally, during fermentation, the added substances can impact the number and viability of the bacteria involved, affecting the quality of the products during storage. Furthermore, the consumption of functional yogurt is associated with various health benefits. These benefits are linked not only to supporting health but also to altering the course of a disease or alleviating symptoms. This review article discusses functional yogurt and its health effects, incorporating recent studies.
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    Polyphenols: Secondary Metabolites with a Biological Impression
    (Mdpi, 2024) Bolat, Ecem; Saritas, Sumeyye; Duman, Hatice; Eker, Furkan; Akdasci, Emir; Karav, Sercan; Witkowska, Anna Maria
    Polyphenols are natural compounds which are plant-based bioactive molecules, and have been the subject of growing interest in recent years. Characterized by multiple varieties, polyphenols are mostly found in fruits and vegetables. Currently, many diseases are waiting for a cure or a solution to reduce their symptoms. However, drug or other chemical strategies have limitations for using a treatment agent or still detection tool of many diseases, and thus researchers still need to investigate preventive or improving treatment. Therefore, it is of interest to elucidate polyphenols, their bioactivity effects, supplementation, and consumption. The disadvantage of polyphenols is that they have a limited bioavailability, although they have multiple beneficial outcomes with their bioactive roles. In this context, several different strategies have been developed to improve bioavailability, particularly liposomal and nanoparticles. As nutrition is one of the most important factors in improving health, the inclusion of plant-based molecules in the daily diet is significant and continues to be enthusiastically researched. Nutrition, which is important for individuals of all ages, is the key to the bioactivity of polyphenols.
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    Silver Nanoparticles in Therapeutics and Beyond: A Review of Mechanism Insights and Applications
    (Mdpi, 2024) Eker, Furkan; Duman, Hatice; Akdasci, Emir; Witkowska, Anna Maria; Bechelany, Mikhael; Karav, Sercan
    Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have become highly promising agents in the field of biomedical science, offering wide therapeutic potential due to their unique physicochemical properties. The unique characteristics of silver NPs, such as their higher surface-area-to-volume ratio, make them ideal for a variety of biological applications. They are easily processed thanks to their large surface area, strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR), stable nature, and multifunctionality. With an emphasis on the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and prospective advantages of silver NPs, this review attempts to give a thorough overview of the numerous biological applications of these particles. The utilization of silver NPs in diagnostics, such as bioimaging and biosensing, as well as their functions in therapeutic interventions such as antimicrobial therapies, cancer therapy, diabetes treatment, bone repair, and wound healing, are investigated. The underlying processes by which silver NPs exercise their effects, such as oxidative stress induction, apoptosis, and microbial cell membrane rupture, are explored. Furthermore, toxicological concerns and regulatory issues are discussed, as well as the present difficulties and restrictions related to the application of silver NPs in medicine.
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    Silver Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review of Synthesis Methods and Chemical and Physical Properties
    (Mdpi, 2024) Duman, Hatice; Eker, Furkan; Akdasci, Emir; Witkowska, Anna Maria; Bechelany, Mikhael; Karav, Sercan
    Recently, silver nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention for being highly desirable nanomaterials in scientific studies as a result of their extraordinary characteristics. They are widely known as effective antibacterial agents that are capable of targeting a wide range of pathogens. Their distinct optical characteristics, such as their localized surface plasmon resonance, enlarge their utilization, particularly in the fields of biosensing and imaging. Also, the capacity to control their surface charge and modify them using biocompatible substances offers improved durability and specific interactions with biological systems. Due to their exceptional stability and minimal chemical reactivity, silver NPs are highly suitable for a diverse array of biological applications. These NPs are produced through chemical, biological, and physical processes, each of which has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Chemical and physical techniques often encounter issues with complicated purification, reactive substances, and excessive energy usage. However, eco-friendly biological approaches exist, even though they require longer processing times. A key factor affecting the stability, size distribution, and purity of the NPs is the synthesis process selected. This review focuses on how essential it is to choose the appropriate synthesis method in order to optimize the characteristics and use of silver NPs.
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    The Potential Applications of Natural Colostrum in Skin Health
    (Mdpi, 2024) Bolat, Ecem; Karagoz, Zeynep; Alves, Jose Luiz de Brito; Neto, Jose Patrocinio Ribeiro Cruz; Witkowska, Anna Maria; El-Seedi, Hesham; Lombardo, Mauro
    Skin is a crucial organ for preserving the body's equilibrium. Like other parts of the body, skin also ages due to extrinsic and intrinsic factors, leading to several signs such as wrinkles, spots, and a decline in elasticity, causing a range of issues similar to those seen elsewhere in the body. Some of these factors include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, hormonal disorders, genetic factors, loss of moisture, metabolic disorders, exposure to chemicals, and smoking. Colostrum, which is the initial foremilk, has shown positive effects on the consequences of these factors. Its content is richer than mature milk and contains several beneficial components. For instance, it includes hyaluronic acid, a molecule that binds water and keeps the skin hydrated; lactoferrin, with high antimicrobial properties; immunoglobulins, which are responsible for immunity; growth factors, which increase the amount of collagen, the main protein type of the skin; and, finally, the telomerase enzyme, which maintains the telomere's length and, thus, decelerates the aging process. It has recently become apparent that using skin products with natural ingredients is essential. Considering its nature, contents, and effects, colostrum stands out as an excellent material for the cosmetic industry, especially for the aging sector. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to demonstrate the potential application of natural colostrum in skin health and its usage in natural cosmetic products in the cosmetic sector.