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    Self-affirmation and responses to cigarette warning labels: The moderating role of message strength
    (SAGE Publications, 2022) Kaynak Malatyalı, Meryem; Van Koningsbruggen, Guido M.; Büyükşahin Sunal, Ayda
    The present research investigated whether message strength moderates the effect of self-affirmation on reactions given to cigarette warning labels. Three hundred eighty-four female (Study 1) and 383 male (Study 2) smokers completed a self-affirmation manipulation and then evaluated either strong or weak warning labels in terms of message derogation. Next, they reported their intentions to quit smoking. Only for the male sample, message strength moderated the effect of self-affirmation on message derogation. However, message strength did not have a moderating role on both message derogation and quit intentions for the female sample and on quit intentions for the male sample.