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Öğe Effect of animal breed, season and milk production scale on somatic cell count and composition of cow milk(2017) Ivanov, Galin Y.; Bilgucu, Ertugrul; Balabanova, Tatyana B.; Ivanova, Ivelina V.; Uzatici, AhmetProduction of high quality dairy products requires profound knowledge about factors conducting raw milk quality. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide to dairy processors the necessary information for the effect of animal breed, season and milk production scale on the quality and technological properties of raw milk. In this respect, the main composition parameters (total solids, milk fat, protein content) and microbiological parameters (somatic cell count (SCC) and total viable count (TVC)) of bulk raw milk collected from small-scale producers and of raw milk from Simmental, Holstein and Jersey breeds produced in large-scale farms were studied over a one year period. Total solids, protein and fat levels in bulk milk demonstrated seasonal trends. Milk fat and protein contents were the highest in autumn and winter and the lowest in spring and summer. However, no significant seasonal variations were detected in total solids, milk fat and protein contents in the milk from large-scale farms. The values of these parameters were significantly higher (P<0.05) in milk from Jersey breed in comparison with the other two breeds studied. Lower TVC and SCC of milk produced by large-scale farms in comparison with small-scale producers were found. The SCC values of bulk milk samples were significantly higher (P < 0.05) during the autumn-winter period compared to spring and summer. The milk produced by large-scale producers lacks significant seasonal variations of SCC. It was found that the SCC of milk from Jersey breed is statistically (P < 0.05) higher than that the other breeds studied. © 2017, National Centre for Agrarian Sciences. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of different garlic oil doses on in vitro gas production, rumen fermentation and methane production of sainfoin hay(Ankara Univ Press, 2019) Uzatici, Ahmet; Canbolat, OnderThis study was conducted to determined, effects of addition of garlic oil (GO) 0 (control), 100, 200, 400, 800, 1200 and 1600 mg/L rumen fluid (RF) by in vitro gas production technique, on the true organic matter digestibility (TOMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), metabolizable energy (ME) compound and rumen fermentation parameters, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) gas production of the sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa L.) hay. In vitro gas production technique was used to determine the effects of different doses of GO on rumen fermentation, OMD and metabolic energy (ME) level. GKMS and NDFS contents of sainfoin hay were determined by Daisy incubator technique. The addition of GO significantly decreased the in vitro gas production, OMD, NDFD, ME, total volatile fatty acids content (VFA), acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA) and the other volatile fatty acids levels of sainfoin hay (P<0.01). In addition, the addition of GO at different doses to the rumen fluid also reduced the production of CH4 and CO2 production (P <0.01). As a result, in vitro gas production, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, methane and carbon dioxide production on the most adverse effect garlic oil dose was found to be 1600 mg / L RF. It was concluded that it would be appropriate to use low doses (400 mg / L RF) because of the high GO doses that affect rumen fermentation and the digestion of feed.Öğe Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Treatment on Chemical Composition and Feed Value of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Straw(Mdpi, 2022) Uzatici, Ahmet; Canbolat, Onder; Kamalak, AdemThis research was undertaken with the aim of determining the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment on the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) and true dry matter digestibility (TDMD), dry matter intake (DMI), and relative feed value (RFV) of common reed (Phragmites australis) straw. Reed straw was treated with 0% (control), 1%, 2%, and 3% NaOH and stored in 1.5-L glass jars in triplicate for 21 days. NaOH treatment had a significant effect on the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, NDFD and TDMD, DMI, and RFV of the reed straw. While it decreased the cell wall content of the reed straw, it significantly increased the NDFD, TDMD, DMI, and RFV. The neutral detergent fiber content of the reed straw decreased with NaOH treatment in a dose-dependent manner and ranged from 56.03% to 65.05%, whereas the NDFD increased and ranged from 53.10% to 59.99%. Metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility, and TDMD values were improved, ranging from 9.15 to 10.19 MJ/kg DM, 58.46% to 65.05%, and 55.29% to 62.33%, respectively. The estimated RFV and DMI also improved, ranging from 84.70% to 95.58% and from 1.87% to 2.14% of body weight, respectively. The most effective treatment dose of NaOH was 3%. Therefore, it can be suggested that NaOH treatment has the potential to improve the nutritive value of reed straw. However, before large applications, further in vivo investigations are required to determine the effects of NaOH treatment on the feed intake and production of ruminant animals.Öğe Effect of somatic cells count of raw caw milk on the fermentation process and quality of ayran(University of Food Technologies Plovdiv, 2020) Bilgucu, Ertugrul; Ivanov, Galin; Ivanova, Ivelina; Balabanova, Tatyana; Uzatici, AhmetThe present study aimed to provide scientific information for the effect of somatic cells count (SCC) of raw cow milk obtained from different regions of Turkey on the fermentation process and quality characteristics of ayran. Test ayran samples were produced from three different batches of cow milk with low (<400 000 cells.cm-3), medium (between 500 000 and 600 000 cells.cm-3) and high (1000 000 cells.cm-3) SCC, respectively. The main physicochemical parameters as pH, total solids, milk fat, protein, lactose, lactic acid content and microbiological parameters as somatic cells count (SCC) and total viable count (TVC) of raw milk and ayran samples were studied. During the first two hours of coagulation, the higher SCC in the milk seems to have an inhibiting effect on the development of the lactic acid bacteria from the starter culture and on the fermentation process, respectively. Nevertheless, SCC of the raw milk did not have a significant effect on the composition of the ayran. The increase in the SCC values up to 1000 000 cells.cm-3 in the raw cow’s milk affected negatively the organoleptic characteristics of the ayran made from it. Practical applications: The knowledge for the effect of SCC of raw caw milk on the fermentation process allows us to optimize the technology parameters for production of ayran and to improve its quality characteristics. The data from sensory analysis of ayran samples produced by milks with different SCC will provide additional information for the importance of the implementation of the monitoring of somatic cells in raw caw milk quality control. © 2020 The Authors. UFT Academic publishing house, Plovdiv.Öğe Effects of chlorsulfuron and feed containing ascorbic acid on some serum parameters in albino rabbits(Academic Journals Inc., 2014) Uzatici, Ahmet; Coşkun, Baver; Çelik, Kemal; Duman, CanAs all around the world, pesticides are used in our country to control the harmful organisms. As is known, however, use of pesticides takes a toll on humans, animals and the environment health-wise and insensible and intensive use causes residues in food, soil, water and air. Even though the use of pesticides creates an increase in quantity product-wise, they are potential toxic materials for humans and animals. In this study, New Zealand albino rabbits (75 days old, 2 kg average live weight) were given chlorsulfuron and vitamin C through feed for 45 days, their liver enzyme activities were monitored and it was checked whether or not the liver was damaged. In the research, levels of GGT and ALK.P in the serum samples received from trial group animals were observed to be sensible in comparison to the control group (p<0.05). © 2014 Academic Journals Inc.Öğe Effects of Dietary Humic Acid and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Performance and Biochemical Parameters of Broiler Chickens(Academic Journals Inc, 2008) Celik, Kemal; Uzatici, Ahmet; Akin, Adil ErdemOne hundred and fifty broilers (1-day-old) were randomly allocated to 4 treatments. each of which had individual pens of 50 chicks and were used to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC extract (YE), 2 x 10(8) cfu g(-1)) oil growth performance and immunity. All animals received the same basal diet based on corn and soybean meal and while HA was added to the basal diet at 0.25% and YE 0.25%, respectively. The following diet treatments were applied: (1) Basal diet + 0 additives, (2) Basal diet 0.25% HA kg of feed (3) Basal diet 0.25% YE kg of feed (4) Basal diet 0.25% HA+0.25% YE kg of feed. Each experimental group was fed ad libitum with its own diet for 42 days, During the experiment the chicks were reared at conventional ambient temperature (from 30 degrees C reducing to 21 degrees C by 3 degrees C/week) and relative humidity of 60-70%. Light was provided 24 h in a day. Performance data of each replicate was determined weekly during the experiment. All chicks were slaughtered when end of 6 weeks. Blood samples from 30 birds in each group was collected by branchial vein and were analyzed for Serum biochemical values, enzyme activities and performance characteristics were measured. Body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and carcass weight were positively influenced (p<0.05) by HA supplementation (0.25%) during the experiment. Difference among the groups in terms of gizzard, liver and biochemical parameters such as WBC, Heterophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, RBC, HCT were not statistically important among different treatment groups (p<0.05). But, Glucose and BUN levels were significantly decreased in groups HA and YE (p<0.05). ALP, ALT, Fe, Ca, P were not statistically significant among groups.Öğe Possible heavy metal residues in poultry and their products that are bred around cement industry(Univ Fed Rural Semi-Arido-Ufersa, 2015) Ersoy, Ismail Erbil; Uzatici, Ahmet; Bilgucu, ErtugrulIndustry is an efficient tool for industrial development that is present in human lives and that mobilizes local and regional economies. When inspected from this aspect, industrial regions provide economic and social benefits for the societies. However on the other hand, they leave harmful effects to the environment and they may cause health and safety threats for communities. Mismanaged industrial regions may cause air and water pollution, noise problems and industrial accidents. One of the main purposes of this investigation is to determine the heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Mo and Ni) levels in the liver, thigh and chest tissues of the chickens bred around the cement factory in a residential area. It is determined that the heavy metal levels in the livers of poultries bred in these areas are quite high (P<0,01) and also in the heavy metal analyses performed, the values obtained from the samples taken from the egg, thigh and chest tissues of the poultries are specified as high (P<0,01).Öğe Producer and consumer attitudes towards red meat in Turkey(2012) Çelik, Kemal; Uzatici, AhmetWorld feed prices have increased significantly in recent years. The increases of 71% in barley, 57% in wheat, 44% in soybean, 71%, in sunflower seed meal, 62% in wheat bran and 39% in corn have influenced production costs of red meat negatively. However, world red meat prices, especially in countries with pasture-based farming systems, did not increase greatly. The steep increase in feed price came together with a weakening of consumers' purchasing power over last ten years in Turkey. The general agricultural policy in Turkey and the weakening in purchasing power have resulted in consumer difficulties in buying red meat and meat products recently. People have significantly shifted towards poultry products, pasta and rice in their consumption pattern, because of the relatively lower prices of these products. The increase in pasta consumption of 53% in 10 years clearly shows this trend. Per capita annual consumption of poultry products rose from about 10 kg in 2000 to 16.5 kg in 2010. An increasing population in cities and a rather low increase in productivity of the majority of farms with the so called poly-agricultural farming system caused red beef prices to soar in recent 5 years. In fact, EU beef carcass prices are presently lower than in Turkey: beef prices in the period 2002-2009 were, respectively, €270-332 /100 kg in the EU, and €302-438 /100 kg in Turkey. Consumer prices for red meat have increased by more than 50% in the last 2 years, resulting in Turkish people consuming more poultry meat, grains and vegetables.Öğe The effects of chlorsulfuron and feed containing ascorbic acid on some serum parameters in Albino rabbits(Medwell Journals, 2014) Uzatici, Ahmet; Coskun, Baver; Celik, Kemal; Duman, CanAs all around the world, pesticides are used in the country to control the harmful organisms. As is known, however, use of pesticides takes a toll on humans, animals and the environment health-wise and insensible and intensive use causes residues in food, soil, water and air. Even though the use of pesticides creates an increase in quantity product-wise, they are potential toxic materials for humans and animals. In this research, New Zealand Albino rabbits (75 days old, 2 kg average live weight) were given chlorsulfuron and vitamin C through feed for 45 days, their liver enzyme activities were monitored and it was checked whether or not the liver was damaged. In the research, levels of GGT and ALK.P in the serum samples received from trial group animals were observed to be sensible in comparison to the control group (p<0.05). © Medwell Journals, 2013.Öğe The Importance of Nonprotein Nitrogen (NPN) in Feeding Ruminants(Academic Journals Inc, 2012) Uzatici, Ahmet[Anstract Not Available]Öğe The usage possibility of apple pomace silage prepared with poultry manure addition in the nutrition of beef cattle(2012) Uzatici, AhmetThis research was conducted to determine if there is a possibility of Poultry Manure (PM) emiling with Apple Pomace (AP) and the possibility of the usage of produced silage as a nutritional stuff in the feeding of beef cattle. As a first step, PM, the weight of it was reference unit was blended with the AP at a ratio of 25 and 50%, ensilaged and the quality of the silage was examined. By the 60th day of the ensilaging process, pH values were 3.97 and 4.05 in the samples collected from 25 and 50% PM containings ilage materials, respectively. The analyses of the same samples for the lactic, acetic and butyric acid ratios revealed as in 25% PM containing silage 1.727, 1.052 and 0.294% and in 50% containing silage 0,852,0693 and 0.877%, respectively. The second stage of the experiment was designed as 111 days of feeding trial and conducted with 8-1 0 months old Brown-Swiss male cattle with an average live weight of 333 kg and they were allocated into 3 groups, each of whch composed of 8 animals. One of the groups was kept as a control. Silages containing 25 and 50% PM was provided as roughage to the remaining group, group I and I1 and they were used as trial groups. The control group was fed with a ration consisted of pelleted concentrate and wheat straw only. Lack of nutrients in the silages provided to the trial groups was completed with the similar concentrate and wheat straw given to the control group. At the end of the trial, the average live weight of the bulls in the control group, groups I and II were 452, 456 and 461 kg and their daily weight gains were 1063, 1108 and 1153 g, respectively. A statically significant difference with respect to daily weight gain was not observed among the groups. Throughout the experiment the amount of dry matter for 1 kg weight gain in order of groups was 6.92, 6.74 and 6.27 kg and the cost of weight gain was 6578, 4775 and 4096 Turkish Liras, respectively. The examinations of m e n fluid for ammonium and urea nitrogen at the end of the feedng trial showedthat the values were 10.6, 13.4 and 15.1 mgIl00 mL and 12.3, 13.6 and 24.0 mg/100 mL in the groups, respectively and differences of these results were statistically significant (p<0.01). However, since the above values are below the toxic levels and toxic effects of these substances were not obsenred in the animals. Ammonia and urea nitrogen were also analyzed in the blood. At the end of the experiment whle the blood ammonia values were 0.30, 0.34 and 0.52 mgIl00 mL, respectively the respective urea nitrogenvalues were 5.75-9.30 mg/100 d. The values for both parameters were higher in the animals of experimental groups compare to those of control group (p<0.01). Above results showed that preparation of silage by the addition of 25 and 50% PM to the AP is possible and the produced silages were consumed by the beef cattle without any negative effects on the weight gain and feed consumption and also provides an economic food supply. © Medwell Journals, 2012.Öğe The using of organic acids in California Turkey chicks and its effects on performance before pasturing(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2003) Çelik, Kemal; Erbil Ersoy, I.; Uzatici, Ahmet; Erturk, MustafaThe experiment described evaluated the effect of a commercial in-feed preparation (Biotronic® SE) involving a mixture of organic acids and salts on California turkey chicks performance. In these experiments, 1-d-old commercial white turkey poults were placed into battery brooders and were given turkey starter feed and water ad libitum. Biotronic® SE had very small effect on the body weight gain (BWG) when included in the feed and live bird performance was not adversely affected by feeding up to 2.0%. from 0 to 60 days as based groups. © Asian Network for Scientific Information 2003.
