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    COMPARISON OF CYCLIC FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF ONE CURVE, HYFLEX EDM, WAVEONE GOLD AND RECIPROC BLUE NICKELTITANIUM ROTARY FILES AT INTRA-CANAL TEMPERATURE
    (2019) Yılmaz, Koray; Özyürek, Taha; Uslu, Gülşah
    Objectives: To compare the cyclic fatigue resistances of One Curve (OC), HyflexEDM (HEDM), WaveOne Gold (WOG), Reciproc Blue (RPC Blue), and nickeltitanium rotary files at intra-canal temperature (35°C).Materials and Methods: Twenty OC (25/.06), 20 HEDM (25/.08), 20 WOG(25/.07) and 20 RPC Blue (25/.08) files were tested for cyclic fatigue at intracanal temperature (35°C). All the instruments were rotated in artificial which weremade of stainless steel with an 60° angle of curvature and a radii of curvatures of5 mm until fracture occurred, and the time to fracture was recorded in secondsusing a digital chronometer and the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) for eachfile was calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to statistically analyzethe data by using SPSS 21.0 software. The statistical significance level was set atp<.05.Results: NCF values revealed that the HEDM had the highest cyclic fatigueresistance at intracanal temperature (p<.05) and followed by WOG, RPC Blue andOC. The lowest NCF values were determined in the OC group and statisticallysignificant difference was observed between the OC group the other groups(p<.05). No statistically significant difference in the mean length of the fracturedfragments in curvature was evident for the instruments (p>.05).Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present in-vitro study, HEDMinstrument resisted static cyclic fatigue significantly more than RPC Blue, WOGand OC instruments.
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    Effect of Endodontic Treatment and Retreatment Procedures on Fracture Strength of Roots
    (2019) Yılmaz, Koray; Özyürek, Taha; Uslu, Gülşah
    Objective: It is aimed to compare the effect of root canal treatment and retreatment procedureson the fracture strength of roots. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty extracted single-canalmandibular premolar teeth were involved in the present study. The bucco-lingual and mesio-distal diameters of the roots were measured. The crowns of teeth were removed from the point of cemento-enamel junction in the way ensuring the standard root length of 14 mm. The teeth were then randomly divided into 6groups (n=20). In Group 1, no instrumentation or obturation was performed. The rest of the roots werechemo-mechanically prepared with nickel-titanium rotary instruments (ProTaper Next, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) up to size 40/.06. The teeth in Group 2 were left without obturation. Group 3was obturated by using the warm vertical compaction technique. Those in Group 4 were obturated and retreated (20/.07). The teeth in Group 5 were obturated, retreated and apically enlarged (50/.05). Finally, theteeth in Group 6 were obturated, retreated, apically enlarged (50/.05) and re-obturated and then the fracture resistances of the all specimens were tested by using a universal testing machine. Results: There was nostatistically significant difference between the fracture resistance of teeth in Group 1, Group 3, and theGroup 6. No statistically significant difference was found between the teeth in Group 2, Group 4 and Group5. The lowest resistance to fracture was found in Group 5. There were statistically significant differences between Group 1, Group 3, Group 6 and Group 2, Group 4, Group 5. Conclusion: Obturation after preparationand retreatment procedures increased the resistance of teeth to fracture.
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    Efficacy of different irrigant activation devices in removing dentin debris from an artificial isthmus connecting curved canals
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Plotino, Gianluca; Özyürek, Taha; Gündoğar, Mustafa; Uslu, Gülşah; Pedulla, Eugenio; Careddu, Roberto; Franco, Vittorio
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the debridement efficacy of sonic irrigation (EDDY; VDW, Munich, Germany and EndoActivator; Dentsply-Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and ultrasonically activated irrigation (Irrısafe; Satelec Acteon, Merignac, France) in a simulated canal isthmus connecting curved canals. Transparent resin blocks were produced containing two curved canals connected with an isthmus. The isthmus was then filled with dentin debris. Three irrigant activation cycles were performed and the amount of remaining debris was compared analysing pictures taken after each activation cycle. Data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests at a significance level of p < 0.05. EDDY showed greater efficiency in removing dentin debris from the simulated isthmus than the other techniques tested. An increase in the activation time enhanced the efficiency of both EDDY and ultrasonically activated irrigation in debris removal.
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    Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Continuing Professional Development of Endodontists: A Comprehensive Survey Study
    (2022) Uslu, Gülşah; Özyürek, Taha; Kayahan, Mehmet; Gündoğar, Mustafa; Keskin, Neslihan Büşra
    Objective: Continuing professional development (CPD) is a lifelong process that continues despite all kinds of obstacles. The aim of this study was to evaluate of endodontists’ attitudes towards CPD during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic and online educa tional resources (OERs). Material and Methods: A questionnaire on demographic data and preferred resources before and after the pan demic was sent to 554 potential participants via e-mail. A chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression test were conducted on the ob tained data at a 5% significance level. Results: One hundred seventy five participants responded to the survey. Of all the participants, 67% were women and 45% were academicians. Since the pandemic began, OERs have been preferred over traditional resources, but traditional ones were considered more useful than OERs. Most of the respondents believed that contagion concerns represented the greatest obstacle to CPD. Gender and experience were related to the perception that the pandemic affected the respondents’ CPD activities (p<0.001). Spe cialty/PhD students tended to benefit more than others from OERs (p<0.05). The respondents mostly considered that OERs are comfort able and advantageous in terms of time, cost, professional knowledge and skill. Conclusion: The resources endodontists chose for CPD ac tivities seemed to have changed in favour of OERs during the pandemic despite their lower perceived usefulness as compared with traditional resources.
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    Investigation of the effect of indirect pulp capping materials on dentin mineral density
    (Piracicaba Dental School - UNICAMP, 2023) Misilli, Tuğba; Uslu, Gülşah; Orhan, Kaan; Bayrakdar, İbrahim Şevki; Erdönmez, Demet; Özyürek, Taha
    Aim: To evaluate the potential of inducing mineral density changes of indirect pulp capping materials applied to demineralized dentin. Methods: A total of 50 cavities were prepared, 5 in each tooth, in extracted ten molars without caries, impacted or semi-embedded. The cavities were scanned by microcomputed tomography (?-CT) after creating artificial caries by microcosm method (pre-treatment). Each cavity was subjected to one of 5 different experimental conditions: control (dental wax), conventional glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX GP Extra), resin-modified calcium silicate (TheraCal LC), resin-modified calcium hydroxide (Ultra-Blend Plus), MTA (MM-MTA) and the samples were kept under intrapulpal pressure using simulated body fluid for 45 days. Then, the second ?-CT scan was performed (post-treatment), and the change in dentin mineral density was calculated. Afterward, elemental mapping was performed on the dentinal surfaces adjacent to the pulp capping agents of 5 randomly selected samples using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) apparatus attached to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Ca/P ratio by weight was calculated. Friedman test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test were used to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant increase in mineral density values of demineralized dentin after treatment for all material groups (p<0.05). Resin-modified calcium silicate had similar efficacy to MTA and conventional glass ionomer cement, but was superior to resin-modified calcium hydroxide in increasing the mineral density values of demineralized dentin. Conclusions: Demineralized dentin tissue that is still repairable can be effectively preserved using materials with remineralization capability. © 2023, Piracicaba Dental School - UNICAMP. All Rights Reserved.
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    Investigation of the effectiveness of sonic, ultrasonic and new laser-assisted irrigation activation methods on smear removal and tubular penetration
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Uslu, Gülşah; Gündoğar, Mustafa; Üngör, Mete; Özyürek, Taha; Erkan, Erhan; Keskin, Neslihan Büşra
    The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of different irrigation activation methods on smear layer removal and tubular penetration. One hundred-five distal roots of mandibular molar teeth in total; 50 for smear removal efficiency (n = 10) analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 55 roots were used to examine tubular penetration using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Five different irrigation activation methods were used in this study; conventional needle irrigation (CNI), sonic irrigation device of EDDY, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), PIPS and SWEEPS techniques, which are two different laser irrigation activation methods. The obtained data were statistically analyzed and the significance level was determined as p < 0.05. At the apical level, the cleanest canal walls were observed when laser methods PIPS and SWEEPS were used, while in the middle third, there was no difference in smear removal efficiencies between all groups except for the CNI (p > 0.05). Penetration depths and percentages increased from apically to coronally in all groups. The PUI and EDDY generally showed similar penetration depths and percentages to the CNI, except at the coronal root level (p > 0.05). In all groups, when PIPS was used, it showed greater penetration depth and percentage (p < 0.05). PIPS and SWEEPS techniques showed lowest and similar smear scores compared to PUI and EDDY in the apical area where access and effectiveness of the irrigation solution are difficult.
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    Number of file usage on dentinal defect incidence of waveone gold and reciproc NiTi instruments
    (Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, 2018) Özyürek, Taha; Yilmaz, Koray; Uslu, Gülşah
    Amaç: Kök kanal preperasyonu sirasinda Reciproc ve WaveOne GOLD NiTi kanal aletlerinin neden oldugu dentinal defekt vakalarini karsilastirmak ve ege kullanim sayisinin dentinal defekt insidansi üzerindeki etkisini incelemek. Materyal ve Metot: Iki yüz yetmis adet mandibular kesici dis çalismaya dahi edildi ve rastgele 3 gruba ayrildi. Negatif kontrol grubu (n = 30) herhangi bir islem yapilmadi, 120'şer diş de reciproc ve waveone gold gruplarina yerlestirildi. örneklerden apeksten 3, 6 ve 9 mm uzakta olucak sekilde yatay kesitler alindi ve light emitting diode lazer yardimi ile çekilen fotograflarda dentinal defekt varligi arastirildi. Bulgular: WaveOne GOLD, Reciproc ve control gruplari arasinda dentinal defect olusumu açisindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir fark yoktur. Resiproc egesinin 4. Kullanimi sonrasi apical bölgede olusturdugu dentinal defect sayisi WaveOne GOLD grubunun 1., 2. ve 3. Kullanimlari sonrasi olusan sayudan istatistiksel olarak anlamli derecede fazladir (p <, 05). Sonuç: çalismamizda test ettigimiz tüm NiTi egeler kök kanal dentininde defect olusumuna neden oldu ancak WaveOne GOLD, Reciproc ve kontrol grouplari arasinda toplam dentin defekti olusumu açisindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir fark bulunmadi. © Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry 2018.; Objectives: To compare the incidences of dentinal defects caused by Reciproc and WaveOne GOLD NiTi files during root canal preparation and to exam the effect of number of file usage on the incidence of dentinal defect. Materials and Methods: Two hundred seventy mandibular incisor teeth were randomly divided into 3 different groups as follows: negative control (no preparation performed) (n: 30), Reciproc (n: 120) and WaveOne GOLD (n: 120) groups. The specimens were sliced at 3, 6 and 9 mm from the apex. Microscopic pictures of the specimens were taken with the aid of light emitting diode and the dentinal defects were examined. Results: There was no statistically difference among the WaveOne GOLD, Reciproc and control groups in terms of dentinal defect formation. The number of dentinal defects occurred in apical region in Reciproc group following 4th use was found to be statistically higher than 1st, 2nd, and 3rd use in WaveOne GOLD group (p < .05). Conclusion: All the NiTi files tested in present study were found to cause defect in root canal dentin but there were not significant difference among the WaveOne GOLD, Reciproc and control groups in term of total dentinal defect formation. © Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry 2018.
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    Postoperative pain after different irrigation activation techniques: a randomized, clinical trial
    (Springer Japan, 2021) Gündoğar, Mustafa; Sezgin, Güzide Pelin; Kaplan, Sema Sönmez; Özyürek, Hande; Uslu, Gülşah
    The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of irrigation activation techniques on postoperative pain (PP) in mandibular premolar teeth with irreversible pulpitis after single-visit endodontic treatment. A total of 160 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were included in this prospective randomized clinical study. Four different activation methods were used in mandibular premolar teeth. In group 1, teeth were irrigated with side-port endodontic needles (NI) without any agitation; in groups 2 and 3, sonic activation was performed using EDDY and EndoActivator (EA), respectively; and in group 4, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was used. Patients’ analgesic intake—as well as pain intensity during and after treatment—were recorded at 8, 24, 48 h and 7 days. The data relating to age, sex and analgesic intake was evaluated using the Chi-square test and the preoperative pain and PP intensity at different time intervals was evaluated with the Kruskal–Wallis test at a 5% significance level. Highest PP was recorded at 8 h, pain intensity decreased in all groups by the time. Pain in the NI group was found higher than that of EDDY group at 24 h (P < 0.05). EA and PUI had caused mild pain and had similar pain scores at 24 h. (P > 0.05). No statistically difference was found among the groups with regard to analgesic intake (P > 0.05). Although there were slight differences in PP levels between the groups at 24 h, pain levels decreased in all groups after 24 h. Activation of the irrigation solution did not make any difference in terms of PP after 24 h.