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Öğe A novel and mass-sensitive quartz tuning fork platform for glial fibrillary acidic protein determination(Elsevier, 2025) Özcan, Burcu; Uludağ, İnci; Ünal, Mehmet Altay; Arı, Fikret; Sezgintürk, Mustafa Kemal; Özkan, Sibel A.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, and its diagnosis is still difficult. A unique blood biomarker for numerous neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, is glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Portable, quick, and functional equipments are crucial in fighting against neurological illnesses. Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF) biosensors are attracting great attention due to their seamless integration with miniaturized and portable devices. This study introduces a new, adaptable, affordable frequency analyzer for GFAP detection. A simple and stable process to design a QTF system which has gold surface modified with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) and its biocompatibility with GFAP antigen was investigated. The surface morphology of the QTF system was analyzed during its immobilization procedure using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The constructed QTF sensor system demonstrated high repeatability (the standard deviation: +/- 0.12183 Hz), good reproducibility, linearity, ability to detect antigen concentrations at femtogram levels. It proved that the QTF sensor system decorated with 3-MPA could be a good choice for the sensitive determination of GFAP, according to the statistical data. The modified QTF sensor demonstrated remarkably straightforward and mass-sensitive GFAP detection. The developed QTF-based biosensor achieved an outstanding linear detection range of 1-100 fg mL-1. The responses of the designed QTF-based sensor to commercial human serum also show that it is a successful and promising system for clinical use.Öğe An ultrasensitive and disposable electrochemical aptasensor for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection in real serum samples(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Özyurt, Canan; Uludağ, İnci; Sezgintürk, Mustafa KemalIn this study, we constructed a disposable indium tin oxide polyethylene terephthalate film (ITO-PET)-based electrochemical aptasensor for analyzing prostate-specific antigen (PSA), one of the most important biomarkers of prostate cancer. Because of their clinical importance, building PSA biosensing systems with high sensitivity and stability is essential. However, it still presents significant difficulties, such as low detection limits. We designed a platform to covalently bind the amino-terminated aptamer by modifying the ITO-PET surface with carboxyethylsilanetriol (CTES) to obtain a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). We also evaluated the potential for use in real human serum samples by investigating the optimal operating conditions and analytical performance characteristics of the developed biosensor. The design we present here exhibits excellent precision, with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 8.74 fg/mL PSA. The broad linear detection range of the biosensor under optimal conditions was determined as 1.0-1500 fg/mL. The dissociation constant (Kd) for the aptamer was also calculated as 46.28 ± 5.63 nM by evaluating the impedimetric response as a function of PSA concentration. The aptasensor displayed considerable repeatability (1.3% RSD) and reproducibility (7.51% RSD) and good storage stability (98.34% of the initial activity for 8 weeks). Additionally, we demonstrated that the technique we developed was quite efficient in estimating the kinetics of aptamer-analyte interactions by determining the Kd and single-frequency impedance (SFI) data. In conclusion, we proposed a selective and sensitive biosensor with the potential for clinical application and superior performance in real serum samples.Öğe Biosensing strategies for diagnosis of prostate specific antigen(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Özyurt, Canan; Uludağ, İnci; Sezgintürk, Mustafa KemalAlmost from the time of its discovery, the prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been one of the most accurate and most extensively studied indicators of prostate cancer (PC). Because of advancements in biosensing systems and technology, PSA analysis methods have been substantially updated and enhanced as compared to their first instances. With the development of techniques in biosensor technology, the number of PSA biosensors that can be used in the biomedical sector is increasing year by year. Many different recognition elements and transducers have been used in the development of biosensor systems that exhibit high sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity. Here in this review, we provide a current overview of the different approaches to PSA detection.Öğe Fluid-based wearable sensors: a turning point in personalized healthcare(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Vural, Berfin; Uludağ, İnci; İnce, Bahar; Özyurt, Canan; Öztürk, Funda; Sezgintürk, Mustafa KemalNowadays, it has become very popular to develop wearable devices that can monitor biomarkers to analyze the health status of the human body more comprehensively and accurately. Wearable sensors, specially designed for home care services, show great promise with their ease of use, especially during pandemic periods. Scientists have conducted many innovative studies on new wearable sensors that can noninvasively and simultaneously monitor biochemical indicators in body fluids for disease prediction, diagnosis, and management. Using noninvasive electrochemical sensors, biomarkers can be detected in tears, saliva, perspiration, and skin interstitial fluid (ISF). In this review, biofluids used for noninvasive wearable sensor detection under four main headings, saliva, sweat, tears, and ISF-based wearable sensors, were examined in detail. This report analyzes nearly 50 recent articles from 2017 to 2023. Based on current research, this review also discusses the evolution of wearable sensors, potential implementation challenges, and future prospects.Öğe Lab-on-a-chip systems for cancer biomarker diagnosis(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Özyurt, Canan; Uludağ, İnci; İnce, Bahar; Sezgintürk, Mustafa KemalLab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro total analysis system is one of the microfluidic technologies defined as the adaptation, miniaturization, integration, and automation of analytical laboratory procedures into a single instrument or “chip”. In this article, we review developments over the past five years in the application of LOC biosensors for the detection of different types of cancer. Microfluidics encompasses chemistry and biotechnology skills and has revolutionized healthcare diagnosis. Superior to traditional cell culture or animal models, microfluidic technology has made it possible to reconstruct functional units of organs on chips to study human diseases such as cancer. LOCs have found numerous biomedical applications over the past five years, including integrated bioassays, cell analysis, metabolomics, drug discovery and delivery systems, tissue and organ physiology and disease modeling, and personalized medicine. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in microfluidic-based cancer research, with pros, cons, and prospects.Öğe Lateral flow assays for food analyses: Food contaminants, allergens, toxins, and beyond(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) İnce, Bahar; Uludağ, İnci; Demirbakan, Burçak; Özyurt, Canan; Özcan, Burcu; Sezgintürk, Mustafa KemalFood safety is a major issue because of the prevalence of pathogens, chemicals, and other potentially harmful substances in food products. Because of this, the creation of a reliable and accessible tool for checking on food quality is essential. In comparison to traditional techniques, lateral flow tests for the identification of food-borne pathogens are more modern, straightforward, and quick. This review examines the use of lateral flow biosensors for the detection of various food contaminants and the labels used to improve the effectiveness of the system. Since LFAs may be carried out by non-specialists, they are well-suited for on-site testing in a variety of food production and distribution environments.Öğe Leptin ve nöropeptit Y analizi için tek kullanımlık biyoalgılama sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020) Uludağ, İnci; Sezgintürk, Mustafa KemalLeptin, yağ dokusunda sentezlenen bir peptit hormonudur. Enerji alımını ve harcamalarını dengeleyen bir tür anti-obezite faktörü olarak işlev görür. Yüksek leptin konsantrasyonları doğrudan obezite ile ilişkilidir. Nöropeptit Y (NPY) memeli beynindeki en bol nöropeptitten biridir, nörodejeneratif ve nöroimmün hastalıklarda kandaki seviyeleri değişkenlik göstermektedir. Bu da NPY'nin ilişkili hastalıkların teşhisinde ve hastalığın takibinde potansiyel marker olabileceğini işaret etmektedir. Tez kapsamında yenilikçi immobilizasyon yöntemleri kullanılarak Leptin ve NPY biyobelirteçlerinin tayinine yönelik elektrokimyasal immünosensörler tasarlanmıştır. Geliştirilen biyosensör sistemleri biyobelirteçlerin kesin, spesifik, ekonomik ve pratik analizini sağlamaktadır. Çalışma elektrodu olarak indiyum kalay oksit kaplı polietilen tereftalat (ITO-PET) tabakaları kullanılmıştır. Antikorların kovalent etkileşimler yoluyla immobilizasyonu için ITO-PET tabakaları, iki farklı biyosensör sistemi için sırasıyla siyanojen bromür (CNBr) ve hekzametilen diisosiyanat (HMDC) ile modifiye edilmiştir. Tasarlanan biyosensörlerin her aşaması elektrokimyasal empedans spektroskopisi (EIS) ve siklik voltametri (CV) yöntemleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Her iki immobilizasyon yöntemi için de kapsamlı şekilde optimizasyon ve karakterizasyon çalışmaları yürütülmüştür.Öğe The Evaluation of Clinical Applications for the Detection of the Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker GFAP(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Özçelikay-Akyıldız, Göksu; Karadurmuş, Leyla; Çetinkaya, Ahmet; Uludağ, İnci; Ozcan, Burcu; Ünal, Mehmet Altay; Sezgintürk, Mustafa KemalOne of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases is Alzheimer's disease (AD). The hallmarks of AD include the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which cause related secondary diseases, progressive neurodegeneration, and ultimately death. The most prevalent cell type in the human central nervous system, astrocytes, are crucial for controlling neuronal function. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is released from tissue into the bloodstream due to astrocyte breakdown in neurological diseases. Increased levels of GFAP in the serum can function as blood markers and be an effective prognostic indicator to help diagnose neurological conditions early on, from stroke to neurodegenerative diseases. The human central nervous system (CNS) is greatly affected by diseases associated with blood GFAP levels. These include multiple sclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, glioblastoma multiforme, traumatic brain injuries, and neuromyelitis optica. GFAP demonstrates a strong diagnostic capacity for projecting outcomes following an injury. Furthermore, the increased ability to identify GFAP protein fragments helps facilitate treatment, as it allows continuous screening of CNS injuries and early identification of potential recurrences. GFAP has recently gained attention due to data showing that the plasma biomarker is effective in identifying AD pathology. AD accounts for 60-70% of the approximately 50 million people with dementia worldwide. It is critical to develop molecular markers for AD, whose number is expected to increase to about 3 times and affect humans by 2050, and to investigate possible targets to confirm their effectiveness in the early diagnosis of AD. In addition, most diagnostic methods currently used are image-based and do not detect early disease, i.e. before symptoms appear; thus, treatment options and outcomes are limited. Therefore, recently developed methods such as point-of-care (POC), on-site applications, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-polymerase chain reaction (ELISA-PCR) that provide both faster and more accurate results are gaining importance. This systematic review summarizes published studies with different approaches such as immunosensor, lateral flow, POC, ELISA-PCR, and molecularly imprinted polymer using GFAP, a potential blood biomarker to detect neurological disorders. Here, we also provide an overview of current approaches, analysis methods, and different future detection strategies for GFAP, the most popular biosensing field.Öğe The use of aptamers for environmental biosensors(Elsevier, 2024) Özyurt, Canan; İnce, Bahar; Uludağ, İnci; Sezgintürk, Mustafa KemalIn recent years, the development of innovative technologies has revolutionized the field of biosensing, offering new possibilities to detect and monitor environmental pollutants with unique sensitivity and specificity. Environmental biosensors have become crucial tools in addressing the growing concerns about pollution, contamination, and the overall health of our ecosystems. These biosensors play a significant role in detecting and monitoring various pollutants, including organic pollutants, heavy metals, pathogens, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Recent developments in biosensing technologies have led to the emergence of electrochemical aptasensors as a promising approach to detecting and monitoring environmental pollutants. Aptasensors, which utilize aptamers as biorecognition elements, offer numerous advantages over traditional analytical techniques. These advantages include high sensitivity, rapid response, low cost, and compatibility with portable and miniature devices. By combining the unique properties of aptamers with the sensitivity and simplicity of electrochemical sensing, aptasensors have the potential to revolutionize environmental monitoring. This chapter primarily focuses on using electrochemical aptasensors to detect and analyze environmental pollutants within the past 3 years. This work aims to serve as a valuable resource for future research endeavors by comprehensively examining various design methodologies’ analytical and technical intricacies with merits and drawbacks.
