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    Biochemical and Antioxidant Properties as well as Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Allium scorodoprasum subsp. jajlae (Vved.) Stearn
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Canlı, Kerem; Turu, Dilay; Benek, Atakan; Bozyel, Mustafa Eray; Şimşek, Özcan; Altuner, Ergin Murat
    In this study, the chemical composition and biological activity of Allium scorodoprasum subsp. jajlae (Vved.) Stearn were investigated for the first time, focusing on its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm properties. A GC-MS analysis was employed to evaluate the composition of its secondary metabolites, identifying linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and octadecanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester as the major compounds in ethanol extract. The antimicrobial activity of A. scorodoprasum subsp. jajlae was assessed against 26 strains, including standard, food isolate, clinical isolate, and multidrug-resistant ones, as well as three Candida species using the disc diffusion method and the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The extract showed strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant strains, as well as Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata. Its antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the DPPH method, revealing a high level of antioxidant activity in the plant. Additionally, the antibiofilm activity of A. scorodoprasum subsp. jajlae was determined, demonstrating a reduction in biofilm formation for the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 strain and an increase in biofilm formation for the other tested strains. The findings suggest potential applications of A. scorodoprasum subsp. jajlae in the development of novel antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm agents.
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    Biochemical, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Epiphytic Leafy Liverwort Frullania dilatata (L.) Dumort
    (MDPI, 2023) Şimşek, Özcan; Canlı, Kerem; Benek, Atakan; Turu, Dilay; Altuner, Ergin Murat
    In this study, the biochemical, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial activity of the epiphytic leafy liverwort Frullania dilatata (L.) Dumort were investigated. Due to the scarcity and difficulty in obtaining liverworts, research on their bioactivity is limited; thus, this study aimed to uncover the potential of F. dilatata. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against various microorganisms, including food isolates, clinical isolates, multidrug-resistant strains, and standard strains, using the disk diffusion method and determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. This study represents the first antioxidant investigation on F. dilatata and an antimicrobial study using ethanol extract and the disk diffusion method. Notably, susceptibility was observed in Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Enterococcus faecium FI, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Providencia rustigianii MDR, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using the DPPH method, emphasizing the high scavenging performance. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified the primary compounds as frullanolide (19.08%), 2,3-Dimethylanisole (15.21%), linoleic acid (11.11%), palmitic acid (9.83%), and valerenic acid (5.3%). The results demonstrated the significant antimicrobial activity of F. dilatata against the tested microorganisms and its potent antioxidant properties. These findings emphasize the potential of F. dilatata as a promising source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, underscoring the importance of further investigation into its bioactive compounds and elucidating the mechanisms of action in future studies.
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    Biochemical, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Steno-Endemic Origanum onites
    (Mdpi, 2023) Canli, Kerem; Bozyel, Mustafa Eray; Turu, Dilay; Benek, Atakan; Simsek, Ozcan; Altuner, Ergin Murat
    Origanum onites (Lamiaceae) is an Eastern Mediterranean plant that is widely used in Turkish traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant potential of O. onites. In this study, the biochemical composition of the O. onites ethanol extract (OOEt) was analyzed using GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was investigated using a disk diffusion test and determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against 30 microorganism strains, including 28 bacteria (some multidrug-resistant) and 2 fungi. Additionally, the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. The main component identified was carvacrol. OOEt demonstrated antimicrobial activity against a wide range of tested microorganism strains. OOEt displayed the highest activity against E. faecium (a Gram-positive bacterium) at 100 mu L with a 52 mm inhibition zone. Additionally, P. aeruginosa DSMZ 50071 and P. fluorescens P1, which are Gram-negative bacteria, were the most sensitive strains with a 24 mm inhibition zone in 100 mu L of OOEt. The data obtained from A. baumannii (a multidrug-resistant strain) is particularly striking, as higher activity was observed compared to all positive controls. All tested fungal strains showed more effective results than positive controls. The antioxidant activity of OOEt was found to be stronger than that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. This study determined that O. onites has significant antimicrobial and antioxidant potential.
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    Biological Activities and Biochemical Composition of Endemic Achillea fraasii
    (MDPI, 2023) Tunca-Pınarlı, Yağmur; Benek, Atakan; Turu, Dilay; Bozyel, Mustafa Eray; Canlı, Kerem; Altuner, Ergin Murat
    In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm activities and the biochemical composition of Achillea fraasii. The antimicrobial activity of A. fraasii ethanol extract (AFEt) was tested against 48 strains, and this is the first study testing the antimicrobial activity of this plant to this extent. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay, and the antibiofilm activity of A. fraasii aqueous extract (AFAq) against five strains was assessed. The chemical composition of the plant extract was determined using GC-MS with artemisia ketone (19.41%) as the main component. The findings indicated that AFEt displayed antimicrobial activity against 38 strains, with a particular efficacy observed against various Staphylococcus aureus strains, such as S. aureus ATCC 25923, clinically isolated, multidrug resistant (MDR), and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. In addition, the highest activity was observed against Enterococcus faecium. Moreover, the extract demonstrated activity against Candida strains. The plant extract also showed relatively good antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid, with an EC50 value of 55.52 µg/mL. However, AFAq acted as a biofilm activator against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, increasing the biofilm formation by 2.63-fold. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of A. fraasii as a source of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
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    In vitro ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF Hibiscus syriacus FROM TURKEY
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2022) Canli, Kerem; Bozyel, Mustafa Eray; Benek, Atakan; Turu, Dilay; Yakan, Mustafa Ali; Altuner, Ergin Murat
    Hibiscus syriacus is an ornamental plant, and it also has uses in traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate in vitro antimicrobial activity and the biochemical composition of Hibiscus syriacus. In this study, the biochemical composition of ethanol extracts of H. syriacus flowers (HSFEt) and H. syriacus leaves (HSLEt) was analyzed by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was investigated using a disk diffusion test against 39 bacteria (including 11 multidrug-resistant strains) and 2 fungi strains. 21 and 12 components were identified in HSFEt and HSLEt, respectively. The main component is 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate in both extracts. HSFEt and HSLEt have antimicrobial activity against most of the tested microorganisms. It has been detected the highest activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (ST11) with a 15 mm, Staphylococcus aureus (CI1) and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA+MDR (MDR9) with a 14 mm inhibition zones in HSFEt, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (STI1) with an 11 mm inhibition zone in HSLEt. All these results showed that a syriacus has antistaphylococcal potential.