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    Bazı Amerikan asma anaçlarının tuz stresine toleranslarının belirlenmesi
    (2005) Turhan, Ece; Dardeniz, Alper; Müftüoğlu, Nuray Mücella
    Bu araştırma, Marmara ve Ege Bölgeleri'nde geniş çapta kullanılan 1103 P (Berlandieri Resseguier No. 2 x Rupestrisdu Lot (St. George) 1103 Poulsen), 420 A (Berlandieri x Riparia 420 A Millardet Et de Grasset) ve 5 BB (Berlandieri x Riparia Teieki 8 B Seleksiyon Kober 5BB) Amerikan asma anaçlarının tuz stresine toleransla¬rını tespit etmek amacı ile kurulmuştur. Bu araştırmada çelik dikimi 29 Mart 2002 tarihinde yapılmış, dikimden 1 ay sonra bitkilerde 2-3 gerçek yaprağın görüldüğü 27 Nisan 2002 tarihinden itibaren 5 ayrı dozdaki tuz konsantrasyonu (0; 5000; 10000; 15000 ve 20000 mg/L NaCl) verilmeye başlanmış ve 50 gün süre ile uygulanmıştır. Söküm 15 Haziran 2002 tarihinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sökülen çeliklerde sürgün uzunluğu (cm), boğum sayısı (adet), yaprak sayısı (a-det), sürgün yaş ağırlığı (g), sürgün kuru ağırlığı (g), kök yaş ağırlığı (g) ve kök kuru ağırlığı (g) belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca anaçların tuza dayanımlarının belirlenmesi için sürgün ve kök kuru ağırlığı bazında tolerans oranı, tolerans indeksi ve canlılık oranı (%) hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak bütün parametreler dikkate alındığında, tuz stresine en çok dayanıklılık gösteren anacın 5 BB, bunun ardından 1103 P ve en dayanıksız anacın da 420 A olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
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    Öğe
    Determination of Salt Tolerance of 'Camarosa' and 'Chandler' Strawberries Grown in Perlite and Perlite: Zeolite Media
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2007) Turhan, Ece; Eris, Atilla
    The effects of salt (NaCl) applications of various concentrations (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L) for 6 months on 'Camarosa' and 'Chandler' strawberry varieties grown in perlite and perlite: zeolite (1:1) media were investigated. In order to determine the salt resistance of varieties, the tolerance index (T.I.) and tolerance ratio (T.R.) were calculated on the basis of total chlorophyll content, and leaf and root dry weight. Also, the ability of keep in balance for potassium: sodium (K:Na) ratio in the aerial part and roots of plants were considered. It was determined that the highest T.I. and T.R. values calculated on the basis of leaf and root dry weight in cv. Camarosa in both media. Concerning the evaluations calculated on the basis of total chlorophyll, the results indicated that 'Chandler' is more resistant in perlite medium, 'Camarosa' is more resistant in perlite: zeolite (1:1) medium. K: Na ratio decreased with increasing salinity in both varieties. However, it was determined that K: Na ratio is higher in cv. Chandler, i. e., 0.83 than in cv. Camarosa (0.61). As a conclusion, it was determined that 'Camarosa' was more resistant to salt than 'Chandler'. In addition, regarding the salt resistant performance of plants, perlite: zeolite (1:1) medium had more effective results than perlite. (C) 2007 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.
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    Öğe
    Growth and stomatal behaviour of two stawberry cultivars under long-term salinity stress
    (Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2007) Turhan, Ece; Eriş, Atilla
    Sodium chloride (NaCl) treatments were conducted on strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa cvs. Camarosa and Chandler)grown under greenhouse conditions. Modified Hoagland solution (one-third strength) containing 0 (control), 8.5, 17.0 and 34.0 mM NaCl was applied to the plants for 6 months. High NaCl concentrations caused serious reductions in growth parameters such as fresh weight (FW) of leaves, stems and roots, leaf area and the number of leaves. Addition of salt to the growth medium caused a reduction in stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (E) of Camarosa. Saline water up to 34 mM NaCl did not have any influence on Gs of Chandler. In addition, 34 mM NaCl treatment caused a marked increase in Gs and E of Chandler. On the other hand, leaf temperature (Ti) increased with salt treatments in both cultivars. We suggest that the reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate represent adaptive mechanisms to cope with excessive salt in Camarosa. As it can relatively maintain its stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Chandler also tolerates the salt injury at low salt concentrations. Considering the cultivars, Camarosa was characterised as more salt tolerant than Chandler under saline conditions. © TÜBİTAK.
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    Öğe
    Growth and stomatal behaviour of two strawberry cultivars under long-term salinity stress
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2007) Turhan, Ece; Eris, Atilla
    Sodium chloride (NaCl) treatments were conducted on strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa cvs. Camarosa and Chandler) grown under greenhouse conditions. Modified Hoagland solution (one-third strength) containing 0 (control), 8.5, 17.0 and 34.0 mM NaCl was applied to the plants for 6 months. High NaCI concentrations caused serious reductions in growth parameters such as fresh weight (FW) of leaves, stems and roots, leaf area and the number of leaves. Addition of salt to the growth medium caused a reduction in stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (E) of Camarosa. Saline water up to 34 mM NaCI did not have any influence on Gs of Chandler. In addition, 34 mM NaCl treatment caused a marked increase in Gs and E of Chandler. On the other hand, leaf temperature (Ti) increased with salt treatments in both cultivars. We suggest that the reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate represent adaptive mechanisms to cope with excessive salt in Camarosa. As it can relatively maintain its stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, Chandler also tolerates the salt injury at low salt concentrations. Considering the cultivars. Camarosa was characterised as more salt tolerant than Chandler under saline conditions.
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    The activity of antioxidative enzymes in three strawberry cultivars related to salt-stress tolerance
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2008) Turhan, Ece; Gulen, Hatice; Eris, Atilla
    Effects of salt stress on the time course of stomatal behaviors and the activity of antioxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT) (EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR) (EC. 1.6.4.2) were studied in three strawberry cultivars. The responses of the cultivars 'Camarosa', 'Tioga,' and 'Chandler' were compared when they were irrigated with nutrient solution containing 0, 8.5, 17.0, and 34.0 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for 30 days. A significant reduction in stomatal conductance (g(s)) was seen particularly on the 30th day of the salt treatments only in Camarosa, which is parallel to transpiration rate (E). CAT activities decreased in all of the salt treatments only in Tioga, while it remained almost unchanged or slightly increased depending on the period in Camarosa and Chandler. APX activity sharply increased in 17.0 and 8.5-mM NaCl treatments for 30 days in Camarosa and Tioga, respectively, whereas it linearly increased based on the NaCl treatments in Chandler. On the other hand, only Camarosa demonstrated a sharp increase in GR activity induced by salinity applied for 30 days. All the data indicated that control of the stomatal behavior, the higher salt-stress tolerance (LT50) and higher constitutive activity of antioxidant enzymes made Camarosa and Tioga relatively salt-tolerant cultivars.
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    The suppression of salinity-associated oxygen radicals production, in pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit, by manganese, zinc and calcium in relation to its sensitivity to blossom-end rot
    (2005) Aktas, Hakan; Karni, Leah; Chang, Dong-Chil; Turhan, Ece; Bar-Tal, Asher; Aloni, Beny
    We investigated the possibility that oxidative stress contributes to blossom-end rot (BER) initiation in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under high salinity. Pepper plants (cv. Mazurka, Rijk Zwaan, the Netherlands) were grown in a greenhouse and irrigated with nutrient solution made up with either desalinated water (control - rising from E.C. 1.9 to 2.4 dS m-1) or saline water (salinity - rising from E.C. 3.2 to 7.0 dS m-1). Irrigation was by a circulation system. BER symptoms were observed throughout the experiment but were highly enhanced in the salinity-grown plants during the spring and summer. The fruit calcium concentration was not affected by salinity, but manganese concentrations in both leaves and fruits were significantly reduced under these conditions. Under salinity there was an enhancement of apoplast reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which was partly a result of increase in NAD(P)H oxidase activity in the pericarp of pepper fruit at the stage that it was most sensitive to BER. Apoplast ROS production and extracted NAD(P)H oxidase activity were inhibited by manganese, zinc and to a lesser extent by calcium. These cations also negated the enhancement of ROS production caused by incubation of fruit pericarp discs in NaCl solutions. Manganese, zinc and calcium also inhibited NAD(P)H oxidase activity, extracted following their infiltration into fruit pericarp discs. The results suggest that generation and scavenging of oxygen free radicals in the apoplast may contribute to the appearance of BER symptoms in pepper fruits under saline conditions. It is suggested that manganese may serve as antioxidant in pepper fruit and that manganese addition to peppers grown under salinity may alleviate BER symptoms in the fruits.