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    Control of yersiniosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: innovative non-antibiotic feed-based strategies
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2024) Abdel-Latif, Hany M. R.; Citarasu, Thavasimuthu; Turgay, Emre; Yılmaz, Ebru; Yousefi, Morteza; Shekarabi, Pezhman Hosseini; Ahmadifar, Ehsan; Yılmaz, Sevdan
    Yersiniosis or enteric redmouth (ERM) is responsible for significant mortalities among rainbow trout and other salmonids. Hence, its prevention and/or control has become a research hotspot. Antibiotics are effective for control; however, accumulating evidence indicates that unrestricted use of antibiotics harms fish, human beings, and the environment. Thus, finding safe, efficacious, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly substitutes is of great interest. Reports showed that dietary supplementation with functional additives with health-promoting and immunostimulatory functions could be a promising strategy. Herein, we provide an overview of the non-antibiotic feed-based strategies for combating EMR in rainbow trout without resorting to antibiotic usage. For this issue, the uses and application of some vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, quorum quenching probiotic strains, algae, or organic acids, are included in the article. The roles of phytobiotics (herbal supplements), their phytochemicals, and the essential oils extracted from them will also be elucidated. Some emerging nano-based feed supplements are also discussed. Considering their advantages, literature declared that the dietary supplementation of these supplements could enhance the overall health condition, haemato-immunity, and disease resistance and conferred high protection of trout experimentally infected with yersiniosis. Given this perspective, this article presents the current situation and the latest knowledge on these supplements, emphasizing not only their roles to support immunity and decrease the effects of EMR but also to minimize antibiotic usage in aquaculture. Limitations and future perspectives on their effectiveness and efficacy are also discussed. This review will help enhance aquaculture sustainability and improve the health and welfare of rainbow trout.
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    Effect of Anisakis pegreffii (Nematoda: Anisakidae) on Biochemical and Haematological Characteristics of Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782) Caught in the Dardanelles at Çanakkale, Türkiye
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2022) Çelik, Ekrem Şanver; Kanat, Rıdvan Erdem; Dermancı, Pınar; Kahraman Yılmaz, Dilek; Turgay, Emre; Karataş, Süheyla; Yılmaz, Sevdan
    Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782) were obtained from the commercial fishermen in Çanakkale, Turkey, in July, 2017. We examined a total of 40 fish (20 non-infested and 20 infested) and assessed the biometric indices, haematological parameters and serum biochemical variables. The hepatosomatic index and gonadosomatic index of infested chub mackerel fish were lower than those of non-infested fish. Blood haematocrit ratio and haemoglobin concentration in naturally parasite-infested chub mackerel fish were significantly lower than those in non-infested fish. However, white blood cell counts of the parasite-infested chub mackerel fish were higher than those of healthy ones. Serum total protein, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, chlorine and iron levels in naturally parasite-infested chub mackerel fish were significantly lower than those in non-infested fish. Moreover, serum lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities of the parasite-infested chub mackerel fish were higher than those in healthy ones. Therefore, observed variations in haematological parameters, serum biochemical variables and biometric indices influenced by the parasite, A. pegreffii, may potentially increase sensitivity of the chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, to diseases and environmental conditions.
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    Health assessment of fan mussels in the southern part of the Sea of Marmara
    (Natl Centre Marine Research, 2025) Karadurmus, Ugur; Gurkan, Selin Erturk; Gurkan, Mert; Kunili, IBrahim Ender; Turgay, Emre; Sari, Mustafa
    The fan mussel (Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758), a critically endangered species in the Mediterranean Sea, has experienced mass mortality events (MME) due to various pathogens, particularly the protozoan parasite Haplosporidium pinnae. Despite these challenges, the Sea of Marmara (SoM) still has significant populations of fan mussels, with no infection-related MME reported so far. This study aimed to assess the general health status of fan mussels in the SoM and understand the factors that contribute to their survival. The samples were collected on September 25, 2023, around the Kap & imath;da & gbreve; Peninsula in the southern part of the SoM, a critical area for fan mussel populations, where a total of 20 live specimens were included in advanced laboratory analysis from four stations. Findings revealed that Haplosporidium and Mycobacterium species were present in P. nobilis across all stations, with higher oxidative stress indicators in the digestive gland tissues. Results also observed different life stages of Haplosporidium in the mantle and digestive gland. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of haplosporidian parasites, Perkinsus sp., andMycobacteri-um sp. in some samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Haplosporidium isolates form a distinct clade separate from H. pinnae, suggesting they belong to a different species. The detected Haplosporidium species in the SoM displayed genetic differences from H. pinnae found in the Mediterranean Sea, potentially indicating a less virulent variant. This study raised the question of whether interactions between the detected Haplosporidium parasite and other pathogens or region-specific ecological characteristics were effective in the absence of a mass mortality in fan mussels in the SoM.
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    In vitro antimicrobial activities of extracts from ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) skin mucus
    (Adem Yavuz SÖNMEZ, 2016) Katra, Neslican; Hisar, Olcay; Karatas, Suheyla; Turgay, Emre; Sarvan, Can
    The increasing bacterial resistance against antimicrobial agents has induced the search for alternative antimicrobial resources. In this regard, antimicrobial peptides in the fish mucus seem to be usable as therapeutic agents. Antimicrobial effects of the mucus extracts obtained from the skin of various fish species. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of organic and aqueous mucus extracts obtained from the skin mucus of L. bergylta on fish isolates Yersinia ruckeri, Edwardsiella tarda, Listonella anguillarum, Aeromonas sobria, Shewanella baltica, Enterobacter sp., Citrobacter sp. and Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum as control strains were analysed. As a result of this study, aqueous mucus extract, aqueous phase and DCM phase that were obtained from the skin mucus of L. bergylta were found not to have any bactericidal effect on the microorganisms tested in this study.
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    Mass mortality in endangered fan mussels Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) caused by co-infection of Haplosporidium pinnae and multiple Vibrio infection in canakkale Strait, Turkey
    (Taylor and Francis, 2021) Kunili, Ibrahim Ender; Erturk Gurkan, Selin; Aksu, Ata; Turgay, Emre; Cakir, Fikret; Gurkan, Mert; Altinagac, Ugur
    Purpose: Pinna nobilis (fan mussel) is one of the most important endemic bivalve molluscs in the Mediterranean and mass mortality events were observed in these mussels in recent years. In this study, we report mass mortalities caused by Haplosporidium pinnae, which has been spreading in the Mediterranean for 3 years, and reached the C¸anakkale Strait, which is the entrance of the Marmara and the Black Sea. Material and methods: Field observations during sampling and subsequent histopathological, biochemical, genetic, and microbiological analyses were carried out. Results: These analyses showed that H. pinnae infection spread among the natural beds of P. nobilis, causing severe tissue damage and oxidative stress. Our phylogenetic analyses suggested that the parasite spread through the Mediterranean much faster than thought. The results showed that vibriosis originating from Vibrio coralliilyticus, Vibrio tubiashii, Vibrio mediterranei, and Vibrio hispanicus, acted together with H. pinnae in infected individuals and caused death. Conclusion: It is highly probable that the spread of H. pinnae to the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea may occur earlier than expected, and it was concluded that mass deaths were caused by co-infection with H. pinnae and a geographically specific marine pathogen that can infect P. nobilis populations.
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    The Effect of Whey on the Immune Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (2022) Yardımcı, Remziye Eda; Turgay, Emre; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Sarvan, Can; Steınum, Süheyla Karataş
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of whey on the immune system of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). It was targeted to use whey, which is a by-product of the dairy industry, in the aquaculture industry as a promoter of fish immune system and as a source of fish feed protein. Rainbow trout individuals with an average weight of 70.28 ± 1.50 g were placed in 6 tanks with a stock density of 10 kg/m3. While fish meal (52%) was used as a protein source in the control group feeds, in the experimental group feeds whey powder (48%) was used. The fish were fed these pellet feeds that were isocaloric (21 kj/g) and isonitrogenous (41% protein) for 3 weeks. Blood samples were collected once a week and while hematocrit and hemoglobin values were determined using a fully automated hematology analyzer, standard hemocytometry methods were used in erythrocyte and leukocyte counts. In addition, free radical production and complement 3 concentrations were determined quantitatively. According to the one-way ANOVA analysis, the control group and the experimental group were statistically similar (p> 0,05). However, it was found that C3 complement concentration, which was measured equally at the beginning in the control and experimental groups, showed a statistically significant increase (p <0.05) in the experimental group compared to the control group in the second week.