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Öğe A skeletochronological study of the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris (Amphibia: Urodela) from an island and a mainland population in Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Altunisik, A.; Kalayci, T. Ergul; Gul, C.; Ozdemir, N.; Tosunoglu, M.To understand the effects of island and mainland on life history traits (e. g. longevity, age at maturity, body size and body mass) of the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758), we generated data on age and body measurements for an island (Bozcaada) and a mainland (Canakkale) population in northwestern Turkey. Age was determinated by skeletochronology. The maximum life span was 4 years in the island population and 5 years in the mainland population. Age at maturity was estimated to be 2-3 years for both sexes and the populations. While mean snout-venth length (SVL) was calculated as 35.56 mm for females and 31.95 mm for males in the mainland population, it was found to be 32.83 mm for females and 31.78 mm for males in the island population. Females from the mainland population were found to be significantly larger and heavier than those of the island population. A significant positive correlation was found between SVL and age for only males in the mainland population. Unexpectedly, age was not correlated with body size for the island individuals. Since there were hardly any demographic studies on any Urodela species comparing island and mainland populations, in this paper we contribute to the literature on this subject.Öğe AGE STRUCTURE OF THE CAUCASIAN AGAMA (Paralaudakia caucasia) FROM ELMADAG, IGDIR, TURKEY: PRELIMINARY DATA FROM SMALL SAMPLE SIZE(Folium Publ Co, 2017) Kalayci, Ergul T.; Altunisik, A.; Gul, C.; Tosunoglu, M.; Ozdemir, N.Life history traits of lizard species, including agamid species, generally involve male-larger body size, but age of these species has not adequately been examined in each cohort. We thus conducted a skeletochronological study using 16 preserved specimens of Paralaudakia caucasia (8 males, 6 females, and 2 juveniles) captured from Elmadag, Igdir, Turkey. Mean snout-vent length was slightly but insignificantly larger in males (120.2 mm) than in females (115.9 mm). Maximum longevity was 10 years in males and 6 years in females. No significant difference in age structure was found between the sexes. Juveniles were 2-year old young. Mean age was 7.12 years for males and 5.33 years for females. Sexually matured individuals were found at the end of the second or third years (i.e., first reproduction occurred at 3 - 4 years). A positive correlation was detected in age and body size in both sexes, as has previously been shown in other lizard species. Our finding of age structure in P. caucasia would contribute to our understanding of life-history trait variations among lizard species.Öğe Determination of Pathogenicity of Bacteria Isolated from Some Aquatic Amphibian and Reptile Species(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2024) Karakas, I.; Dogru, N. Hacioglu; Gul, C.; Tosunoglu, M.Microflora of reptiles and amphibians pose a serious threat to the environment and humans, as these bacteria are more resistant to antimicrobials or have more virulence factors. In this study, we focused on the characterization of Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from Mauremys rivulata (Western Caspian turtle), Natrix natrix (Grass snake), Natrix tessellata (Dice snake) and Pelophylax bedriagae (Levantine frog) using cultural methods and determine some virulence factors (antibiotic resistance, VanA and TetM resistant genes, biofilm, siderophore and some enzymatic activities etc.). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) and virulence index (VI) of each strain were also calculated. A total of 85 Gram-negative isolates exhibited varying levels of antibiotic resistance and the ability to produce one or more extracellular enzymes such as amylase, lecithinase, protease, lipase, hemolysis, siderophore, amino acid decarboxylase and DNase. Although the TetM has been identified in all 7 isolates, none of the isolates have shown the presence of the VanA gene. According to MAR and VI results, most of the isolates were found to be in the high threat group and these indexes were correlated with antibiotic resistance. The study data revealed that chemicals used in industry and agriculture both trigger environmental pollution and pose risk factors for wildlife.Öğe Genetic Status of Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) from canakkale (Turkiye)(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2023) Kalayci, T. Erguel; Kurtul, D.; Gul, C.; Tosunoglu, M.Hemidactylus turcicus is a member of one of the most species-rich reptile genera and is known as an invasive species closely associated with humanized environments. Its phylogeography is often interpreted to be the result of recurrent human-mediated introductions. canakkale is the place that acts as a species corridor for the Anatolia peninsula. Farther, this place is connected with an adjacent island. Here, we tender the genetic structure of H. turcicus from both islands (Bozcaada) and the mainland of canakkale using mtDNA (Cyt b and COI gene regions). We used molecular tools to assess species identity and compare our sequences to a database containing various expertly identified species. We also applied DNA barcoding to report and release our data to the public. DNA barcoding is a reliable way to identify and store data on invasive species. Not surprisingly, specimens from canakkale genetically resemble other Mediterranean conspecifics from Italy, Greece, and Albania. Albeit, we found quite genetic differences between samples from canakkale and Adana. Not all cryptic lineages have been investigated taxonomically in H. turcicus. Researchers should implement genetic monitoring of specimens from its all-distributed area.Öğe Testicular Morphologies of Two Sympatric Podarcis Species(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2024) Baycan, B.; Kurtul, D.; Boran, B.; Ozgul, C. N.; Gul, C.; Tosunoglu, M.The reproductive strategies of reptiles vary according to many factors. In lizards, intraspecific and interspecific competition, and environmental and seasonal factors affect their reproductive biology. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of testis sizes in the sympatrically coexisting species, Podarcis muralis and Podarcis tauricus, located in Kof & ccedil;az, K & imath;rklareli, Turkey, considering both intra-species and inter-species variations. Changes in body sizes and testis sizes according to months were monitored. As a result, it was determined that in both species, there was a positive correlation between body size and testis size, and that in P. tauricus, both body and testis sizes were higher compared to P. muralis, showing a significant difference. It was also observed that in the P. muralis species, the testis size reached its peak value in April (mean daily temperature 9.9 degrees C), while in the P. tauricus species, it reached the highest value in May (mean daily temperature 15.5 degrees C). It was found that the testis size in P. muralis reached its lowest value in August (mean daily temperature 23.8 degrees C), while in P. tauricus, it was lowest in September (mean daily temperature 20.2 degrees C). The fact that testis size is high in different months in these two sympatric species suggests that their active breeding periods differ.
